• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2021

어텐션(Attention) 메커니즘은 딥러닝 기술을 활용한 다양한 컴퓨터 비전 시스템에서 활용되고 있으며, 초해상화(Super-resolution)를 위한 딥러닝 모델에도 어텐션 메커니즘을 적용하고 있다. 하지만 어텐션 메커니즘이 적용된 대부분의 초해상화 기법들은 Real 영상의 초해상화에만 초점을 맞추어서 연구되어, 어텐션 메커니즘을 적용한 초해상화가 CG나 VR 영상 초해상화에도 유효한지는 알기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 최근에 제안된 어텐션 메커니즘 모듈인 BAM(Balanced Attention Mechanism) 모듈을 12개의 초해상화 딥러닝 모델에 적용한 후, CG나 VR 영상에서도 성능 향상 효과를 보이는지 확인하는 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, BAM 모듈은 제한적으로 CG나 VR 영상의 초해상화 성능 향상에 기여하였으며, 데이터 특징과 크기, 그리고 네트워크 종류에 따라 성능 향상도가 달라진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.105-113
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• 1996

The great development of the modern science enables the information technology including computer to be promoted, which has the great effects on the whole design field. Most of all, the computer has the feature to express the mathmatical formular through the logic and system, which is being used very efficiently in the design work. CG application to the two-dimensional design may be limited in promoting the basic ability synthetically through the direct and molding experience for its attribute, however, it is possible to create the effects on the different level in addition to those from the traditional skill. In particular, we should keep the fact in mind that the CG application in the design field will be able to accomplish the object only under understanding the attributes and functions for it to have. We should carry out the task to agree with. First, it is necessary to develop the various study on the educational environment to make the process to solve the problems and to promote the effects of the educational media in teaching design with the CG application. This study would make plans to approach that the computer can be utilized for the main method to create design despite of being limited in some point. Moreover, it suggests the possibility for the CG application in the course of building up and motiving the models by applied the basic system, which enables the computer to be applied centering around the composition of geometry pattern of the basic course of the two-dimensional design.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.474-479
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• 1999

Using a hybridoma technique, spleen cells of Balb/c mice immunized with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. Two hybrid cell lines, clones KS-8 and KS-19, secreting monoclonal antibodies to hCG, were isolated. KS-8 and KS-19 belong to the immunoglobulin $G_1$ subclass. With the aid of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay, it was established that the KS-8 monoclonal antibody recognizes an immunodeterminant of the $\beta$-subunit of hCG, whereas the KS-19 monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope present on the $\alpha$-subunit of hCG. The KS-8 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human chorionic gonadotropin and shows cross-reactivity of less than 0.3% to other related human glycoprotein hormones. On the other hand, using a hemagglutination test based on antibody-induced agglutination of sheep red blood cells coated with hCG, It was shown that only the KS-19 monoclonal antibody was capable of inducing a positive reaction, although both monoclonal antibodies had similar binding capacity to the coated cells. The results from the dual screening procedures demonstrate that KS-8 and KS-19 monoclonal antibodies show high sensitivity in two different assays, and are hence useful for the qualitative and quantitative determination of hCG by both radioimmunoassay and hemagglutination inhibition tests.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2003

The effect of GnRH and/or hCG on the implantation, pregnancy, and the concentration of plasma estradiol and progesterone were studied in pregnant rats. GnRH 50, or 100ug and/or hCG 50 or 100 IU were administered once on day 2 or 9 of gestation, respectively. Rats were autopsied on days 8 or 16. Administration of GnRH on day 2 did not induce the prevention of implantation and termination of pregnancy but was able to induce termination of pregnancy administering on day 9. Administration of hCG induced delayed implantation on day 2 and termination of pregnancy on day 2 and 9. Administration of GnRH concomitant with hCG had no effect on prevention of implantation on day 2 but induced termination of pregnancy with a very increased fetal resorption on day 2 and with a moderate increased fetal resorption on day 9. Administration of GnRH concomitant with hCG on day 2 induced more increased termination of pregnancy compared to injection of GnRH or HCG and opposite result was observed on day 9. Plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations by administering GnRH and/or hCG had no effect on the termination of pregnancy the pregnant rats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Catfish is one of the most important freshwater fish farming commodities in Indonesia. Higher catfish production can be achieved by cultivating transgenic catfish carrying the growth hormone (GH) gene of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus GH, CgGH). This research focuses on analysis of the presence of the CgGH gene in transgenic G₁, G₂, and G₃ mutiara catfish broodstock, as an indication of stable CgGH inheritance. CgGH gene was isolated using the RNeasy mini kit and RT-PCR. RT-PCR revealed amplicons measuring approximately 600 bp in transgenic G₀, G₁, G₂, and G₃ mutiara catfish. The CgGH consensus sequence similarities ranged from 93.76% to 97.06%, with four functional domain sites (somatotropin-1, somatotropin-2, four α-helix, N-glycosylation, four cysteine residues) of fish GH proteins. The functional domains of fish GH proteins are conserved in G₁, G₂, and G₃ and indicate stable exogenous GH inheritance to produce transgenic catfish strains in each generation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1990

Maternal serum ${\beta}$-specific human chorionic gonadotropin(${\beta}$-hCG) and pregnancy-specific ${\beta}_1$-glycoprotein($SP_1$) levels were determined more than one per week during 11-41 days post embryo transfer(ET) in 21 consecutive pregnancies after in vitro fertilization(IVF), which included 8 normal singleton pregnancies, 3 twin pregnancies, 4 clinical abortions, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and 5 preclinical abortions. The sensitivity of serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ radioimmunoassays was 3mIU/ml and 0.7ng/ml relatively. At the 7th to 8th week of gestation, ultrasonographic confirmation of fetal pole and fetal heartbeat was performed. Both serm ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels showed logarithmic increase, but log[$SP_1$] had more steep rising curve and had wider variation than log[${\beta}$-hCG] in normal singleton pregnancies. In 3 twin pregnancies and one ectopic pregnancy, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels located within the 95% confidence interval of the mean levels of 8 normal singleton pregnancies(normal range). In 2 clinical abortions which had a fetal pole without heartbeat, serum ${\beta}$-hCG level showed lower limit of the normal range or just below, but all $SP_1$ levels showed within the normal range. In other 2 clinical abortions which were diagnosed as blighted ovum, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels from 11 days post-ET and serum $SP_1$ levels from later days compared with ${\beta}$-hCG were below the normal range. In 5 preclinical abortions, serum $SP_1$ levels were within the normal range but serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels were far below the normal range. In conclusion, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels increased exponentially with similar pattern in normally conceived pregancy after IVF-ET. Both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels could predict outcome of early pregnancy to a certain degree, but log[${\beta}$-hCG] levels had more significant correlation with outcome of pregnancy compared with log[$SP_1$] levels. In addition, ultrasonographic examination of fetal poles and fetal heartbeats gives very important clinical information and prognosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1989

Steroid hormone profiles during luteal phase of clomiphene citrate(CC)/human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles and of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/hMG/hCG-stimulated IVF cycles were compared. In seventy three cycles stimulated with CC/hMG/hCG regimen, follicles were aspirated during exploratory laparotomy and yielded 7 pregnancies, and in 83 cycles stimulated with FSH/hMG/hCG regimen, follicles were aspirated by laparoscope and made 13 pregnancies. Serum estradiol($E_2$) and progesterone($P_4$) levels were determined on days 2, 5, 7, and 9 after follicle aspiration. The FSH/hMG/hCG regimen was more effective than the CC/hMG/hCG regimen in folliculogenesis, ie, ovarian stimulation, follicular phase $E_2$ peak levels, oocyte maturation, and the number of retrieved oocytes. There was no significant difference between luteal serum $P_4/E_2$ ratio of the two regimens, suggesting that secretory endometrial build-up ability for implantation may not differ each other. Several significant correlations were observed between follicular phase seum $E_2$ peak levels and luteal phase serum $E_2$ and $P_4$ levels in the FSH/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles but any correlation was not significant in the CC/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles, suggesting that somewhat more follicles may eventually fall in atresia even after attaining dominant stage in the CC/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles than the FSH/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2021

Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) levels have been reported to predict mortality in patients with heart failure. However, information on the prognostic value and clinical availability of CgA is limited. We compared the prognostic value of CgA to that of previously proven natriuretic peptide biomarkers in patients with acute heart failure. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 272 patients (mean age, 68.5±15.6 years; 62.9% male) who underwent CgA test in the acute stage of heart failure hospitalization between June 2017 and June 2018. The median follow-up period was 348 days. Prognosis was assessed using the composite events of 1-year death and heart failure hospitalization. Results: In-hospital mortality rate during index admission was 7.0% (n=19). During the 1-year follow-up, a composite event rate was observed in 12.1% (n=33) of the patients. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for predicting 1-year adverse events were 0.737 and 0.697 for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and CgA, respectively. During follow-up, patients with high CgA levels (>158 pmol/L) had worse outcomes than those with low CgA levels (≤158 pmol/L) (85.2% vs. 58.6%, p<0.001). When stratifying the patients into four subgroups based on CgA and NT-proBNP levels, patients with high NT-proBNP and high CgA had the worst outcome. CgA had an incremental prognostic value when added to the combination of NT-proBNP and clinically relevant risk factors. Conclusion: The prognostic power of CgA was comparable to that of NT-proBNP in patients with acute heart failure. The combination of CgA and NT-proBNP can improve prognosis prediction in these patients.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.198-201
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• 1986

The successful elucidation of the opiate receptor and its natural ligands has generated speculation that other drugs might interact with cellular sites designed to accommodate endogenous mediators. The properties of binding sites for the cardiac glycosides(CG), together wit the potency and specificity of the digitalis drugs suggest that CG mimic an endogenous digitalis-like factor. Recenthy, several laboratories have reported the potency in mammalian tissues and fluids of unidentified materials that share certain specific propeties of the CG. Identification of body's own digitalis might yield a natural co pound whose synthetic analogs may provide safer and more effective drugs than can be achieved by structural edification of the CG of plant origin.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

Serum level of ${\beta}$ subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (${\beta}-hCG$) was studied to evaluate its predictability of pregnancy outcome in 98 in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) patients using gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) agonist. Serial serum ${\beta}-hCG$ levels were established for 42 singleton pregnancies, 20 normal multiple pregnancies, 18 preclinical abortions, 14 clinical abortions and 4 ectopic pregnancies. In comparison to normal singleton pregnancies, multiple pregnancies showed significantly higher ${\beta}-hCG$ levels on the post-ET day 10 to 13 and day 24 to 25. Clinical abortions did not show significantly lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels in early pregnancy except the post-ET day 16-17, but showed significantly lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels from the post-ET day 22, compared with singleton pregnancies. Preclinical abortions showed significantly lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels than those of singleton pregnancies. Ectopic pregnancies showed lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels than those of singleton pregnancies without statistical significance. In conclusion, determination of serum ${\beta}-hCG$ level in early pregnancy is a useful tool for the prediction of preclinical abortions and multiple pregnancies and serial measurement of serum ${\beta}-hCG$ levels will be helpful in predicting clinical abortion.