• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2016

Nowadays using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) has been expanded in strengthening steel structures. Given that few studies have taken about strengthening of steel hollow pipe sections using CFRP, in present study, the effects of CFRP sheets using two layers as well as in combination with additional reinforcing strips has been assessment. Strengthening of five specimens was carried out in laboratory tests. As well as numerical simulation was performed for all specimens by Finite Element Method (FEM) using ABAQUS software and high correlation between the results of numerical models with experimental data indicate the power of FEM in this field. The results of both laboratory and simulated specimens showed that load-bearing capacity of circular cross-sections can be significantly increased using CFRP retrofitting technique. Also, application of additional CFRP reinforcing strips and layers caused more strength for the strengthened specimens.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2011

Aluminum or CFRP is representative one of the lightweight materials. Collapse behavior of Al/CFRP square structural member was evaluated in this study based on the respective collapse behavior of aluminum and CFRP member. Al/CFRP square structural members were manufactured by wrapping CFRP prepreg sheets outside the aluminum hollow members in the autoclave. Because the CFRP is an anisotropic material with mechanical properties, The Al/CFRP square structural members stacked at different angles(${\pm}15^{\circ}$, ${\pm}45^{\circ}$, ${\pm}90^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}/0^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}$ where the direction on $0^{\circ}$ coincides with the axis of the member) and interface numbers(2, 3, 4, 6 and 7). The axial impact collapse tests were carried out for each section members. Collapse mode and energy absorption characteristics of the each member were analyzed.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the numerical simulation accuracy according to the CFRP modeling method in the CFRP-Al alloy SPR (Self-Piercing Rivet) joint process. The mechanical properties of the CFRP, aluminum sheet are precisely obtained from the tensile test according to the loading direction. Additionally, the hardening curve of rivet was calculated from the inverse analysis of the machined rivet-ring compression test. For the CFRP-Al alloy SPR simulation, two kinds of the CFRP modeling methods were established based on the continuum and layer-by-layer approaches. The simulation results showed that the CFRP layer-by-layer modeling method can provide more reliable prediction shape of the fractured sheets and deformed rivet. This simulation technique can be used in evaluating the CFRP-Metal SPR performance and designing the SPR process conditions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.403-417
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• 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with low-strength RC columns are rampant in several countries, especially those constructed during the early 1960s and 1970s. The weakness of these structures due to overloading or some natural disasters such as earthquakes and building age effects are some of the main reasons to collapse, particularly with the scarcity of data on the impact of aspect ratio and corner radius on the confinement effectiveness. Hence, it is crucial to investigate if these columns (with different aspect ratios) can be made safe by strengthening them with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets. Therefore, experimental and numerical studies of CFRP-strengthened low-strength reinforced concrete short rectangular, square, and circular columns were studied. In this investigation, a total of 6 columns divided into three sets were evaluated. The first set had two circular cross-sectional columns, the second set had two square cross-section columns, and the third set has two rectangular cross-section columns. Furthermore, FEM validation has been conducted for some of the experimental results obtained from the literature. The experimental results revealed that the confinement equations for RC columns as per both CSA and ACI codes could give incorrect results for low-strength concrete. The control specimen (unstrengthened ones) displayed that both ACI and CSA equations overestimate the ultimate strength of low-strength RC columns by order of extent. For strengthened columns with CFRP, the code equations of CSA and ACI code overestimate the maximum strength by around 6 to 13% and 23 to 29%, respectively, depending on the cross-section of the column (i.e., square, rectangular, or circular). Results of finite element models (FEMs) showed that increasing the layer number of new commonly CFRP type (B) from one to 3 for circular columns can increase the column's ultimate loads by around eight times compared to unjacketed columns. However, in the case of strengthened square and rectangular columns with CFRP, the increase of the ultimate loads of columns can reach up to six times and two times, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

This study aims at evaluating the performance of repairing technique with CFRPs in recovering cyclic performance of damaged columns in flexure in terms of structural response parameters such as strength, dissipated energy, stiffness degradation. A 2/3 scaled substandard reinforced concrete frame was constructed to represent the substandard RC buildings especially in developing countries. These substandard buildings have several structural deficiencies such as strong beam-weak column phenomenon, improper reinforcement detailing and poor material properties. Flexural plastic hinges occurred at the columns ends after testing the substandard specimen under both constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral loading. Afterwards, the damaged columns were externally wrapped with CFRP sheets both in transverse and longitudinal directions and then retested under the same loading protocol. In addition, ambient vibration measurements were taken from the undamaged, damaged and the repaired specimens at each structural repair steps to identify the effectiveness of each repairing step by monitoring the change in the natural frequencies of the tested specimen. The ambient vibration test results showed that the applied repairing technique with external CFRP wrapping was proved to recover stiffness of the pre-damaged specimen. Moreover, the lateral load capacity of the pre-damaged substandard RC frame was restored with externally bonded CFRP sheets.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.375-389
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• 2023

In many fiber concrete beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), debonding occurs between the carbon sheets and the concrete due to the low strength of the bonding resin. A total of 42 fiber concrete beams with a cross-section of 10×10 cm with a span length of 50 cm are fabricated and retrofitted with CFRP and subjected to a 4-point bending test. Graphene Oxide (GO) at 1, 2, and 3 wt% of the resin is used to improve the mechanical properties of the bonding resins, and the effect of length, width, and the number of layers of CFRP and resin material are investigated. The crack pattern, failure mode, and stress-strain curve are analyzed and compared in each case. The results showed that adding GO to polyamine resin could improve the bonding between the resin and the fiber concrete beam. Furthermore, the optimum amount of nanomaterials is equal to 2% by the weight of the resin. Using 2% nanomaterials showed that by increasing the length, width, and number of layers, the bearing and stiffness of fiber concrete beams increased significantly.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 CFRP쉬트로 보강된 원형 CFT기둥의 압축거동을 관찰하고 설계식을 제안하였다. 원형 CFT기둥의 CFRP쉬트의 보강효과를 관찰하기 위해 10개의 실험체를 제작하여 중심축하중 실험을 수행하였다. 실험변수로는 CFRP쉬트 보강겹수와 직경-두께비(D/t)이다. 실험결과 원형CFT기둥에 CFRP쉬트 보강을 통해 압축내력을 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 ACI 440code를 응용하여 CFRP 보강된 원형 CFT기둥의 압축내력을 예측하기 위한 설계식을 제안한다. 제안식을 분석한 결과 실험결과와 비교적 일치한 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.131-150
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• 2013

This paper presents the experimental results of axially loaded stub columns of slender steel hollow square section (SHS) strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets. 9 specimens were fabricated and the main parameters were: width-thickness ratio (b/t), the number of CFRP ply, and the CFRP sheet orientation. From the tests, it was observed that two sides would typically buckle outward and the other two sides would buckle inward. A maximum increase of 33% was achieved in axial-load capacity when 3 layers of CFRP were used to wrap HSS columns of b/t = 100 transversely. Also, stiffness and ductility index (DI) were compared between un-retrofitted specimens and retrofitted specimens. Finally, it was shown that the application of CFRP to slender sections delays local buckling and subsequently results in significant increases in elastic buckling stress. In the last section, a prediction formula of the ultimate strength developed using the experimental results is presented.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.106-109
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• 2006

It has been shown that many reinforced concrete(RC) structures designed without seismic details have experienced brittle shear failures in the beam-column joint area and may result in large permanent deformations and structural collapse. In this study, experimental investigations for RC beam-column joints strengthened with the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP) under cyclic loadings were presented. The use of CFRP in the joint was varied to determine the effective way of improving the structural performances of RC joints. Ten RC beam-column joints were designed and tested with cyclic loadings. The experimental results showed that the use of CFRP in RC joints would be very effective solutions to improve the seismic performances of the non-seismic RC joints. All of the non-seismic design specimens strengthened with CFRP sheets showed the significant increase of strength and ductility.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2017

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) has commonly been used to strengthen existing RC structures. Wrapping the whole component with CFRP is an effective method and simple to execute. Besides, specific configuration of CFRP sheets (L, X and T shape) has also been considered in some experiments to examine CFRP effects in advance. This study aimed to provide an optimal CFRP configuration to effectively retrofit the beam-column connection using continuous material topology optimization procedure. In addition, Moved and Regularized Heaviside Functions and penalization factors were also considered. Furthermore, a multi-material procedure was also used to compare with the results from the single material procedure.