• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6201-6213
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 경증 알츠하이머 환자를 대상으로 현실감각과 시간차 회상 훈련을 적용한 CERAD-K형 인지재활 프로그램의 효과를 밝히는 것이다. 연구에 사용된 도구는 CERAD-K 신경심리 검사로, 하위 영역으로 보스턴 이름 대기, 간이 정신 상태, 단어 목록 회상, 구성 행동으로 구성되어 있다. 연구 설계는 비동등성 대조군 전 후 실험 설계이다. 연구는 경기도의 G 보건소에 등록된 경증 알츠하이머 치매 환자를 편의 표집 하여 실험군 32명과 대조군 53명을 대상으로 하였다. 실험군은 2014년 9월 1일 부터 9월 30일까지 매주 화요일과 금요일에 두 팀으로 나누어 오전 10시부터 11시, 오후 2시부터 3시까지 한 팀당 16명씩 주 2회씩 8회의 인지재활 프로그램을 실시하였다. 대조군은 해당 보건소의 일상 프로그램에 참여하였다. 자료는 SPSS WIN 21.0 program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 단어 목록 회상(F=.75 p>.05)을 제외한 보스턴 이름 대기(F=3.22, p<.001), 간이 정신 상태(F=5.92, p<.001), 구성 행동(F=4.67, p<.001)이 유의하게 향상되어 현실감각과 시간차 회상훈련을 적용한 CERAD-K형 인지재활 프로그램은 경증 알츠하이머 치매 환자의 인지 기능을 향상 시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.838-849
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• 2007

Backgrounds & Objectives : The aim of study was to evaluate post stroke cognitive deficit. We applied CERAD-K for post-stroke cognitive deficit, and revalued after treatment for 4 weeks. Methods : We applied CERAD-K test to 25 patients with post stroke cognitive deficit and compared with previous literature. After acupuncture treatment, moxa treatment, herb medicines, physical and occupational therapy for 4 weeks, we revalued changes by CERAD-K to 13 people that received treatment. Results : The stroke group's points were lower than the normal group in general cognition. Verbal fluency, MMSE-KC, and constructional praxis scores was lower than the AD group. Boston Naming Test, word list immediate recall, word list delayed recall, wordlist recognition, and praxis delayed recall scores were higher than the AD group. Verbal fluency (p=0.017), MMSE-KC (p=0.026), and word list immediate recall (p=0.005) scores of 13 patients participating in this study showed a statistically significant increase after treatment. Conculsions : Acupuncture treatment, moxa treatment, herb medicines, physical and occupational therapy are effective for improvement of post-stroke cognitive deficit, but this study could not demonstrate whether some treatments influenced cognition and there was a limitation in lacking a control group.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the horticultural therapy program on patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia depending on the frequency and duration of the interventions. We developed the same 15-session program to improve cognitive functions and life satisfaction and alleviate depression of the elderly women with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. Subjects in Longer Treatment group participated in the program once a week for 15 weeks and subjects in Shorter Tratmet group participated twice a week for 7½ weeks. This study conducted pretest-posttest verification of both groups using quasi-experimental design involving 21 subjects. Elderly life satisfaction, Geriatric Depression Scale (short form), and the Korean Version of Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) were used in the evaluation. As a result, both groups showed an increase in life satisfaction, and a decrease in depression. However, there was a significant difference in the changes of the CERAD-K scores between the two groups (p < .05). In Longer Treatment group, life satisfaction increased significantly (p < .001), and depression decreased at a marginally significant level (p = .068), but no statistically significant change was observed in neurocognitive function. In Shorter Treatment group, life satisfaction increased at a marginally significant level (p = .059), and depression and CERAD-K scores decreased significantly (p < .05). However, in the case of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), there was no significant change in both groups. According to these results, when planning a horticultural therapy program for persons with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, it is effective to organize and execute the program by determining the duration of intervention as 3 to 4 months or longer, even if this reduces the number of interventions per week.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain the differential variable and learning effect of the serial position effect, targeting individuals aged 60 years and over. A total of 89 individuals were categorized into the following groups: Alzheimer's group, vascular dementia group, elderly depression group, and normal group. Methods: Considering the size of the groups used for comparison, of the total 89 participants, 28 were in the Alzheimer's group, 24 in the vascular dementia group, 16 in the elderly depression group, and 21 were randomly chosen for the normal group. In the CERAD-K word list memory test, 10 words were shown to the subjects. We then asked them to freely recall the words. After changing the order of the words three times, the same process was followed. Results: First, a significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of word recalling rate. The analysis conducted afterward showed that, as predicted, the depressed group showed significantly better performance in recalling the words. Second, the vascular dementia patients and the Alzheimer's patients showed, as predicted, better recall of the largest recency region of words shown. Third, the normal group and the elderly depressed group showed a high-performance rate, proving that the reiterative method can contribute to the recalling process. Thus, we demonstrated that the Alzheimer's group showed the deterioration of short memory recalling skills and the elderly depressed showed deteriorated output performance skill.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.1082-1093
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• 2021

Objective: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive, irreversible brain damage and cognitive decline. Although the diagnosis and treatment of the prodromal symptoms of dementia are important, no treatment for mild cognitive impairment has been currently established. Herein, we report the case of an 80-year-old female patient with memory complaints treated with Gugijihwang-tang, a traditional Korean medicine herbal formula, as an add-on medication. Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment based on clinical examinations using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, Global Deterioration (GDR) Scale, and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. She was treated with Gugijihwang-tang bis in die for 12 months while continuing her original medications, including 5-mg donepezil and 590-mg acetyl-l-carnitine. The MMSE score in the Korean Version of the CERAD Assessment Packet increased from 21 to 27 during the 12-month treatment period, and the CERAD 2 score increased from 33 to 62. The instrumental ADL scale score improved from 11 to 5. Other clinical examination results also showed improvement. The patient was satisfied and experienced no significant adverse events related to the Gugijihwang-tang treatment. Conclusion: This case suggests that Gugijihwang-tang could be considered as a treatment method for patients with mild cognitive impairment.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the prospective impact of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ${\varepsilon}4$ on cognitive performance in the community-dwelling elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods : The total number of subjects was 30 (12 men and 18 women) who were diagnosed with AD from a Korean project of "Early Detection of Dementia". People aged 65-85 years were included in the analysis. The eight neuropsychological domains from the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) were conducted to test subjects. They have been followed at 24-month intervals with the same assessments at each interval. Their cognitive performance at 2 year intervals was compared by the occurrence of the APOE ${\varepsilon}4$. Results : The impact of ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significant in the Word List Memory Test (WLMT, F = 4.345, df = 1, p = 0.021) and Word List Recall Test (WLRT, F = 5.569, df = 1, p = 0.033). Conclusions : The APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significantly correlated especially with verbal episodic memory domain in community-dwelling elders diagnosed with AD.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

Objectives : It was the aim of the present paper to examine the impact of the apolipoprotein E(APOE) ${\varepsilon}4$ on cognitive performance in community-dwelling elderly samples with 'questionable dementia'. Methods : Total 295 samples who were diagnosed with 'questionable dementia' in the recent year and completed the Korean version of the Consortium Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease(CERAD-K) neuropsychological assessment protocol, were recruited. The CDR test established score of 0.5. Genomic DNA was extracted from the venous blood and APOE genotyping was done in this group. Their cognitive performance was compared by the occurrence of the APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ allele. Results : The impact of ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significant in the Word List Recall Test(WLRT, F=4.511, df=1, p=0.035). The 'young-old' group aged 75 years and under had a significantly lower performance on the Word List Recall Test(WLRT, F=5.090, df=1, p=0.015), but the 'old-old' group over 75 years of age had not significantly different performance on the all the item of tests in ${\varepsilon}4$+ allele group. Conclusion : The conclusion to be drawn here is that community-dwelling elderly samples with ${\varepsilon}4$ allele in 'questionable dementia' had a significantly lower performance on the Word List Recall Test in the CERAD-K neuropsychological test batteries and the effect was prominent in the 'young-old' age group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2005

Objectives : Dementia has rapidly increased with the prolongation of life expectancy and aging in Korea. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of, and find related factors for, dementia in an urban elderly population, using a newly developed screening method. Methods : Seven hundred and six people, aged over 65 years-old, in Dong district of Gwangju, Korea, were recruited using stratified cluster sampling, and completed Korean version of Geriatric Mental State Schedule B3 (GMS B3-K), the Korean version of the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID-K) and modified 10 word list-learning from the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Dementia was diagnosed by an algorithm derived from all three of these measures. Results : The crude and age adjusted prevalence rates of dementia were 13.0 and 11.5%, respectively. Age, education, marital status and a history of cerebrovascular disease were identified as factors related with dementia. Conclusions : The new instrument, using the GMS B3-K, CSID-K and modified 10 word list-learning from the CERAD, was considered effective as a community screening and diagnostic tool for dementia. The results of this study can also be used to develop a community-based prevention and management system for dementia in the future.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2020

본 연구는 체계적 고찰을 통해 선정된 연구를 질적 분석하여 인지장애가 있는 노인에게 실시된 이중과제의 적용방법, 결과측정방법, 중재효과를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 본 연구는 2010년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 등록된 연구를 검색하였다. 전자 데이터베이스 PubMed, ProQuest를 이용하였으며, 검색어는'dual task' OR 'multi modal' AND 'mild cognitive impairment' OR 'dementia' OR 'Alzheimer's disease' AND 'intervention' OR 'rehabilitation를 사용하였다. 최종 선정된 연구는 8편이었다. 이중과제는 단독중재로서 적용되기보다 다른 운동중재와 함께 구성된 복합중재의 부분으로 이용되고 있었다. 이중과제의 인지 및 운동과제는 각각 별개의 내용으로 서로 독립적인 과제가 대부분이었다. 평가는 MMSE, CERAD와 같은 전반적인 인지기능평가와 집행기능평가, 기억력평가 등이 포함되었고 이중과제의 직접적인 향상을 보기위하여 Dual task cost를 이용하기도 하였다. 본 연구는 이중과제의 연구 및 임상적 적용을 위한 기초적인 자료로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 알츠하이머형 치매 및 경도인지장애 환자에서 내측두엽 위축 정도의 차이에 따른 중증도, 신경인지기능 및 행동심리증상을 비교하는 것이다. 방 법 본 연구는 단면 연구로서, 알츠하이머형 치매 및 경도인지장애로 진단받은 114명을 대상으로 하였다. 내측두엽 위축은 표준화된 시각 기반 척도(Scheltens scales)에 의해 평가되었으며, 대상군은 두 그룹으로 분류되었다. 중증도는 임상치매평가척도(Clinical dementia rating, CDR)와 전반적 퇴화 척도(Global deterioration scale, GDS)로 평가되었으며 신경인지기능은 한국어판 간이 블레스드 검사(The Korean version of the short blessed test, SBT-K), 한국형 CERAD (The Korean version of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease, CERAD-K), 행동심리증상은 한국형 신경정신행동검사(The Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, K-NPI)로 평가되었다. 내측두엽 위축의 정도에 따른 중증도와 신경인지기능 및 행동심리증상의 차이를 분석하기 위해 독립표본 t-test를 시행하였다. 결 과 내측두엽 위축의 중증도가 높은 군은 낮은 군에 비하여 CDR, SBT-K, 그리고 CERAD-K의 하부항목 중 네가지 항목에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다(p<0.05). 결 론 내측두엽 위축과 중증도 및 신경인지기능 사이에는 유의한 양의 상관관계가 나타났으나 행동심리증상과는 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 내측두엽 위축의 평가는 인지장애의 진단과 치료에 잠재적 이점을 제공할 것으로 생각된다. 행동심리증상과 뇌구조의 연관성에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.