• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.12A
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• pp.1188-1197
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• 2010

A most important thing in a connected dominating set(CDS)-based routing in a wireless ad-hoc network is to select a minimum number of dominating nodes and then build a backbone network which is made of them. Node failure in a CDS is an event of non-negligible probability. For applications where fault tolerance is critical, a traditional dominating-set based routing may not be a desirable form of clustering. It is necessary to minimize the frequency of reconstruction of a CDS to reduce message overhead due to message flooding. The idea is that by finding alternative nodes within a restricted range and locally reconstructing a CDS to include them, instead of totally reconstructing a new CDS. With the proposed algorithm, the resulting number of dominating nodes after partial reconstruction of CDS is not changed and also its execution time is faster than well-known algorithm of construction of CDS by 20~40%. In the case of high mobility situation, the proposed algorithm gives better results for the performance metrics, packet receive ratio and energy consumption.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06d
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• pp.178-180
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• 2012

차량간 무선 통신 환경인 VANET에서 중요하게 여겨지는 문제점 중에 하나는 메시지 브로드캐스팅시 발생 가능한 메시지 폭주 현상(Broadcasting Storm)이다. 최근 무선 애드 혹 네트워크나 이동 애드 혹 네트워크(MANET) 환경에서 이를 해결하기 위해 Connected Dominating Set(CDS) 기법을 제안하여 최대한 중복된 메시지가 전달되지 않도록 하였다. MANET의 한 분야인 차량 애드 혹 네트워크(VANET)에서도 이러한 CDS 가상 백본 망을 이용하면 효율적인 메시지 전파를 기대할 수 있지만, 그 동안의 CDS 생성 기법은 노드의 속도와 방향이 고려되지 않았기 때문에 안정적인 CDS 망을 유지할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 VANET 환경에 적합한 CDS 환경을 만들기 위해 노드의 이동성을 고려한 기존의 Timer-based CDS 생성 기법에 속도와 방향 두 가지 인자를 추가하여 Velocity-based Multi-CDS(VM-CDS) 기법을 제안하였고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존 방안보다 더 안정적으로 유지됨을 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.851-855
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• 2009

Constructing CDS in wireless ad-hoc network, it is necessary to make more efficient algorithm that is fast, simple and has low power consumption. It is worried about losing data which brought a bottleneck state from confliction and delay when the nodes are concentrated or CDS is reconstructed. So, after constructing most efficient CDS, It is better not to reconstruct CDS in moveless wireless ad-hoc network. In this paper, we compared and estimated the performance in each situation of a CDS construction algorithm based on Node degree and Energy level.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.11 no.32
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

The mechanism of interaction of four coumarin derivatives (CDS) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied using spectrofluorometric technique. It was found that the coumarin ring common to all CDS makes major contribution to interaction. Binding affinities could be related to parachor values of CDS. Stem-Volmer plots indicated the presence of static component in the quenching mechanism. Results also showed that both tryptophan residues of protein are accessible to CDS. The high magnitude of rate constant of quenching indicated that the process of energy transfer occurs by intermolecular interaction forces and thus CDS binding site is in close proximity to tryptophan residues of BSA. Binding studies in the presence of the hydrophobic probe, 8-anilino-l-naphthalein-sulfonic acid showed that there is hydrophobic interaction between CDS and the probe and they do not share common sites in BSA. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from data at different temperatures showed that the binding of CDS to BSA involve hydrophobic bonds predominantly. The effects of various metal ions on the binding of CDS with BSA were also investigated.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2007

Connected Dominating Set(CDS) has been used as a virtual backbone in wireless ad hoc networks by numerous routing and broadcast protocols. Although computing minimum CDS is known to be NP-hard, many protocols have been proposed to construct a sub-optimal CDS. However, these protocols are either too complicated, needing non- local information, not adaptive to topology changes, or fail to consider the difference of energy consumption for nodes in and outside of the CDS. In this paper, we present two Timer-based Energy-aware Connected Dominating Set Protocols(TECDS). The energy level at each node is taken into consideration when constructing the CDS. Our protocols are able to maintain and adjust the CDS when network topology is changed. The simulation results have shown that our protocols effectively construct energy-aware CDS with very competitive size and prolong the network operation under different level of nodal mobility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a method of energy level, node degree and selection information based CDS(Connected Dominating Set) construction algorithm for more efficient routing in ad-hoc wireless networks. Constructing CDS in ad-hoc wireless network, it is necessary to make more efficient algorithm that is faster, more simple and has low power consumption. A CDS must be minimized because nodes in the CDS consume more energy in order to handle various bypass traffics than nodes outside the set. It is better not to reconstruct CDS after constructing the most efficient CDS. To overcome this problem, we proposed the CDS construction algorithms based on EL+ND+Sel method. We compared and estimated the performance in each situation of EL + ND and EL + ND + Sel.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Chungdaesan(CDS) by various administration routes on skin anaphylactic reaction. The most classic and popular skin reaction in vivo is passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) In this study, therefore, the author investigated the effect of CDS on PCA reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E antibody The results showed that CDS potently suppressed orally, topically, intraperitoneally, and intradermally administered. However, it did not show suppressive activity when intravenously administered. In addition CDS significantly inhibited anti-DNP IgE induced mast degranulation in mice skin. Moreover, CDS suppressed anaphylactic histamine release from mast cells induced by anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E antibody. These results indicate that CDS suppresses the PCA reaction by stabilization of mast cells in vivo and in vitro am] also suggest that the differential activity following administration routes may be caused by the difference of bioavailability.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 1992

Look for definition and characters of information and data, CDS/ISIS which is one of the total system in information processing are introduced. Explain the main function, characters and advantages of CDS/ISIS and forethermore try to encourage of the function of current ISIS. We need program for Korean language are available.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2023

Hybrid sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods to a weighted mean of kernel matrices of two different SDR methods by Ye and Weiss (2003) require heavy computation and time consumption due to bootstrapping. To avoid this, Park et al. (2022) recently develop the so-called cross-distance selection (CDS) algorithm. In this paper, two variations of the original CDS algorithm are proposed depending on how well and equally the covk-SAVE is treated in the selection procedure. In one variation, which is called the larger CDS algorithm, the covk-SAVE is equally and fairly utilized with the other two candiates of SIR-SAVE and covk-DR. But, for the final selection, a random selection should be necessary. On the other hand, SIR-SAVE and covk-DR are utilized with completely ruling covk-SAVE out, which is called the smaller CDS algorithm. Numerical studies confirm that the original CDS algorithm is better than or compete quite well to the two proposed variations. A real data example is presented to compare and interpret the decisions by the three CDS algorithms in practice.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.465-471
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• 2023

This paper proposes a comparator structure that improves the noise and output delay of a single-slope ADC(SS-ADC) used in CMOS Image Sensor (CIS). To improve the noise and delay characteristics of the output, a comparator structure using the miller effect is designed by inserting a capacitor between the output node of the first stage and the output node of the second stage of the comparator. The proposed comparator structure improves the noise, delay of the output, and layout area by using a small capacitor. The CDS counter used in the single slop ADC is designed using a T-filp flop and bitwise inversion circuit, which improves power consumption and speed. The single-slope ADC also performs dual CDS, which combines analog correlated double sampling (CDS) and digital CDS. By performing dual CDS, image quality is improved by reducing fixed pattern noise (FPN), reset noise, and ADC error. The single-slope ADC with the proposed comparator structure is designed in a 0.18-㎛ CMOS process.