• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using shallow S-wave, high-resolution seismic reflection surveys to characterize geological structure and stratigraphy of basement rocks for civil engineering purposes. S-wave seismic reflections from depths less than 20 m were recorded along the top of steep readout slopes. Seismic reflection data were recorded using a standard CDP acquisition method with a 24-channel seismograph and a sledge-hammer SH-wave source. The data were acquired using a split-spread source-receiver geometry with a 2 m shot-and-receiver interval, and then were processed to enhance S/N ratio of the data, to improve resolvable power of the seismic section, and to get velocity information of the basement rock. The final seismic reflection profiles using the CDP technique has imaged surfaces as shallow as less than 1m and resolved beds as thin as 1m. The migrated reflection sections possess sufficient quality to correlate the prominent reflection events to the bedding planes and faults identified on the readout outcrops. Similar S-wave reflection surveys could also be used to produce the necessary details of a geological structure of shallow bedrocks to pinpoint optimum locations for monitor wells of civil engineering purposes.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2018

In this study, the behavior of the number of anchorage bolts on the glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) plates adhered to the surfaces of reinforcing concrete (RC) T-beams was investigated analytically. The analytical results were compared to the test results in term of shear strength, and midpoint displacement of the beam. The modelling of the beams was conducted in ABAQUS/CAE finite element software. The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model was used for concrete material modeling, and Classical Metal Plasticity (CMP) model was used for reinforcement material modelling. Model-1 was the reference specimen with enough sufficient shear reinforcement, and Model-2 was the reference specimen having low shear reinforcement. Model-3, Model-4 and Model-5 were the specimens with lower shear reinforcement. These models consist of a single variable which was the number of anchorage bolts implemented to the GFRP plates. The anchorage bolts of 2, 3, and 4 were mutually mounted on each GFRP plates through the beam surfaces for Model-3, Model-4, and Model-5, respectively. It was found that Model-1, Model-3, Model-4 and Model-5 provided results approximately equal to the test results. The results show that the shear strength of the beams increased with increasing of anchorage numbers. While close results were obtained for Model-1, Model-3, Model-4 and Model-5, in Model-2, the rate of increase of displacement was higher than the increase of load rate. It was seen, finite element based ABAQUS program is inadequate in the modeling of the reinforced concrete specimens under shear force.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1999

Sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) has been purified from the plant cytosolic fraction of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Amethyst) nodules. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of $356{\pm}15kD$. The subunit molecular mass was $87{\pm}2kD$, and a tetrameric structure is proposed for sucrose synthase of chickpea nodule. Optimum activities in the sucrose cleavage and synthesis directions were at pH 6.5 and 9.0, respectively. The purified enzyme displayed typical hyperbolic kinetics with substrates in cleavage and synthesis reactions. Chickpea nodules sucrose synthase had a high affinity for UDP ($K_m$, $8.0{\mu}M$) and relatively low affinities for ADP ($K_m$, 0.23 mM), CDP ($K_m$, 0.87 mM), and GDP ($K_m$, 1.51 mM). The $K_m$ for sucrose was 29.4 mM. In the synthesis reaction, UDP-glucose ($K_m$, $24.1{\mu}M$) was a more effective glucosyl donor than ADP-glucose ($K_m$, 2.7 mM), and the $K_m$ for fructose was 5.4 mM. Divalent cations, such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$, stimulated the enzyme activity in both the cleavage and synthesis directions, and the enzyme was very sensitive to inhibition by $HgCl_2$ and $CuSO_4$.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.143-154
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• 2006

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Cognitive Factors (CF) on the Creative Abilities (CAs) in design. We set up a model of Cognitive Design Process (CDP), which consists of four domains: Concepts, Experience, Five Senses (FS), and Thinking Modes (TM). Here, experience is first perceived by the five senses, and then recognized by intelligence. We regard design as a transforming process from concept to experience. For this study, two major Sensory Modalities (Visual and Kinesthetic), four Thinking Modes (Brain Dominance Profile), and four Creative Abilities (Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, and Elaboration) were reviewed. We hypothesized that idea generation is influenced by different Sensory Modalities (Visual Sense vs. Kinesthetic Sense) and Thinking Modes, and that these have a close relationship with the attributes of CAs. Firstly, we have examined the cognitive thinking model in design. Then, we adapted the Test of Creative Abilities of Design Thinking (TCADT) for measuring CAs. We surveyed the CAs under CF in particular. Finally, we have investigated the influences of the different Sensory Modalities (Visual Sense vs. Kinesthetic Sense) on CAs. It was found that a close relationship between Brain Dominance and CAs, and Sensory Modalities (SM) have different influence on these creative abilities. As a result, a tool for the Test of CAs and a framework for creative idea generation with the effective CF will be presented. These provide the basis for a new approach to creative idea generation in Experience Design.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2008

This paper presents adaptive-MMOSPRED method for prediction of resource demands requested by multimedia calls, and shows the performance of the call admission control based on proposed resource prediction method in multimedia wireless networks. The proposed method determines (I-CDP) random variables of the standard normal distribution by using LMS algorithm that minimize errors of prediction in resource demands, while parameters in an existing method are constant all through the prediction time. Our simulation results show that prediction error in adaptive-MMOSPRED method is much smaller than in fixed-MMOSPRED method. Also we can see via simulation the CAC performance based on the proposed method improves the new call blocking performance compared with the existing method under the desired handoff dropping probability.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.4 s.82
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study was to identify a typology of career decision status by using the quadrants formed by the decidedness and comfort scale and to examine the differences in career maturity and college adaptation using that typology. We gathered data from a total of 789(237 male, 552 female) students from a middle-sized university in Jollanam-do completed a Career Decision Profile(CDP), a Career Maturity Inventory(CMI) and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire(SACQ). We found that 29.5% of students were categorized as decided-comfortable, 36.4% were decided-uncomfortable, 6.9% were undecided-comfortable, and 27.3% were undecided-uncomfortable. ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in the reasons dimension of COP, career maturity and college adaptation as a function of career decision status categories. In general, decided-comfortable students showed the highest scores while undecided-uncomfortable students showed the lowest scores in all scales. Only in the Career Choice Importance scale did undecided-comfortable students showed the lowest scores.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 1999

Lymphedema, regardless of etiology, is essentially incurable but different treatment approaches which serve to contain swelling exist. The objectives of treatment are to reduce swelling, restore shape, educate about the self-maintenance methods, and prevent inflammatory episodes, eg, recurrent cellulitis. The purpose of this report is to provide therapists and other medical staff with a general guideline through the example treatment procedure of two patients with lymphedema admitted to Samsung Medical Center. This study demonstrates the effects of the various treatments used and how they helped to achieve improvement in mobility and reduction in swelling of the lower limbs. The basic conservative treatments were sequential intermittent pneumatic pumps, elevation, and CDP (complex decongestive physiotherapy). The surgical procedures (Homan's operation) were carried out after maximal volume reduction through conservative programs. In these cases, we can see greater than 50% reduction in the lymphedema in those treated by conservative and surgical procedures. This presents a simple, reliable, variable method yielding satisfactory cosmetic and functional results for patients suffering from chronic both-leg lymphedema. Futhermore, I suggest that the outcomes are best when treatment is administered by a multidisciplinary team including a physiotherapist, surgeon, nurse, et al.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.653-660
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to accurately estimate seismic damage and the collapse mechanism of the historical stone masonry minaret "Hafsa Sultan", which was built in 1522. Surveying measurements and material tests were conducted to obtain a 3D solid model and the mechanical properties of the components of the minaret. The initial Finite Element (FE) model is analyzed and numerical dynamic characteristics of the minaret are obtained. The Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) method is conducted to obtain the experimental dynamic characteristics of the minaret and the initial FE model is calibrated by using the experimental results. Then, linear time history (LTH) and nonlinear time history (NLTH) analyses are carried out on the calibrated FE model by using two different ground motions. Iron clamps which used as connection element between the stones of the minaret considerably increase the tensile strength of the masonry system. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model is selected in the nonlinear analyses in ABAQUS. The analyses conducted indicate that the results of the linear analyses are not as realistic as the nonlinear analysis results when compared with existing damage.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2020

The main structural elements of historical masonry arch bridges are arches, spandrel walls, piers and foundations. The most vulnerable structural elements of masonry arch bridges under transverse seismic loads, particularly in the case of out-of-plane actions, are spandrel wall. The vulnerability of spandrel walls under transverse loads increases with the increasing of their length and height. This paper computationally investigates the out-of-plane nonlinear seismic response of spandrel walls of long-span and high masonry stone arch bridges. The Malabadi Bridge with a main arch span of 40.86m and rise of 23.45m built in 1147 in Diyarbakır, Turkey, is selected as an example. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) material model adjusted to masonry structures, and cohesive interface interaction between the infill and the spandrel walls and the arch are considered in the 3D finite element model of the selected bridge. Firstly, mode shapes with and without cohesive interfaces are evaluated, and then out-of-plane seismic failure responses of the spandrel walls with and without the cohesive interfaces are determined and compared with respect to the displacements, strains and stresses.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

In this paper, we demonstrate that Common Mid-Point (CMP) cross-correlation gathers of multi-channel and multi-shot surface waves give accurate phase-velocity curves, and enable us to reconstruct two-dimensional (2D) velocity structures with high resolution. Data acquisition for CMP cross-correlation analysis is similar to acquisition for a 2D seismic reflection survey. Data processing seems similar to Common Depth-Point (CDP) analysis of 2D seismic reflection survey data, but differs in that the cross-correlation of the original waveform is calculated before making CMP gathers. Data processing in CMP cross-correlation analysis consists of the following four steps: First, cross-correlations are calculated for every pair of traces in each shot gather. Second, correlation traces having a common mid-point are gathered, and those traces that have equal spacing are stacked in the time domain. The resultant cross-correlation gathers resemble shot gathers and are referred to as CMP cross-correlation gathers. Third, a multi-channel analysis is applied to the CMP cross-correlation gathers for calculating phase velocities of surface waves. Finally, a 2D S-wave velocity profile is reconstructed through non-linear least squares inversion. Analyses of waveform data from numerical modelling and field observations indicate that the new method could greatly improve the accuracy and resolution of subsurface S-velocity structure, compared with conventional surface-wave methods.