• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2001

The morphological characteristics of newly isolated Cordyceps hepialidicola were characterized, and the phylogenetic relationships with other Cordyceps species were investigated using a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The PCR product of 592 bp showed a homology of 92 and 91% with C. militaris and C. nutans, respectively, In an in vitro model using mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), a methanol extract of C. hepialidicola induced multiple cytokines, including IFN-${\gamma}$ IL-4, and IL-18. The extract also enhanced the percentages of the CD4$\^$+/ and CD8$\sub$+/ T cells in the healthy murine PBMCs to 56.1% and 13.0%,respectively. The percentages of CD4$\^$+/ and CD8$\^$+/ in the untreated controls were 28.4 and 7.3%, and concanavalin A-treated positive controls were 62.4 and 18.3%, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2000

Recombinant E. coli JM109(pZH3-5/pMT) harboring manganese transport gene(mntA) and metal sequestering protein, metallothionein(MT), was cultivated to accumulate cadmium in aqueous phase. Bioaccumulation followed Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. Equilibrium isotherm showed Langmuir type isotherm. IPTG induction cell showed fast $Cd^{2+}$ uptake and had higher uptake rate than wild type and no-induced cell. The optimum pH and temperature for $Cd^{2+}$ uptake was 7 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Manganese (0.01M) inhibited the $Cd^{2+}$ accumulation. However, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ did not affect the $Cd^{2+}$ bioaccumulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.351-352
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• 2008

A new high efficient red PhOLED using a host of $Bebq_2$ and double dopants of $(pq)_2$Ir(acac) and SEC-R411 have been fabricated and evaluated. The device doubly doped with $(pq)_2$Ir(acac) and SFC-R411 showed the current efficiency improvement of 22% under a luminance of 10000 cd/$m^2$ in comparision with the device singly doped with SFC-R411. The luminance, current efficiency and central wavelength of the doubly doped device were 9300 cd/$m^2$ at 7V, 11.1 cd/A under a luminance of 10000 cd/$m^2$ and 625 nm, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.825-830
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Calendula officinalis extract (CE) on the activation of murine lymphocytes and macrophages. CE was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days at the concentration of 500 mg/kg. The administration of CE increased the viability of thymocytes, but decreased the viability of splenocytes. Also, CE increased the viability of thymocytes and splenocytes at the concentration of $5{\mu}g$/ml in vitro. The administration of CE did not affect the population of thymic $CD4^+$/$CD8^+$ cells and splenic $CD4^+$/$CD8^+$ cells. Furthermore, the administration of CE enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, but decreased the phagocytic activity in vitro. CE decreased the production of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages in vivo and in vitro system. These results suggest that CE enhance of cell viability by a direct influence on thymocytes and phagocytic activity by an indirect influence on peritoneal macrophages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.7
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• pp.45-55
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• 1997

Electircal characteristics of HgCdTe photodiodes with a heterostructure to achieve high performance are analyzed numerically. A two-dimensional device simulator which can handle a HgCdTe heterostructure, was developed for this work. The effects of band nonparabolicity, carrier degeneracy, and band-offset of heterointerace are included in a carrier transport model. A unified generation-recombination model includes simultaneously phonon-assisted tunneling and pure tunneling of carriers via traps is newly employed for describing the electric field and temperature dependency of dark current effectively. Furthermore, to accurately predict the effect mole fraction variations on genration rates, ray-trace algorithm is incorporated in the our simulator. Under the various circumstances such as dark, illumination, and surface states, electrical properties of planar heterostructure photodiode are presented and those of homojunction are compared. These results serve as a explanation of cap layer's role on performance.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1994

Polycrystalline CdS thin films were deposited by using EBE method and its crystal structure, surface morphology, electrical and optical properties as a function of annealing temperature were investigated. It was found that optimum growth conditions were substrate temperature annealing temperature 300[.deg. C]. The films were hexagonal structure preferred(002) plane and maximum grain size was 421[.angs.]. As the results, resistivity and optical transmittance of CdS thin films were $8.3{\times}{10^3}$[.ohm.cm] and 89[%] respectively.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

In this paper, vibration suppression of a CD-ROM main base with piezoelectric shunt circuit is studied. Admittance is introduced to predict the performance of piezoelectric shunt damping. Numerical admittance obtained by commercial finite element code, ANSYS, correlates well with experimentally measured one. Multi-mode piezoelectric shunt damping is realized based on the target mode and frequencies obtained by the admittance analysis. Experimental results prove that admittance of the piezoelectric structure is capable of predicting the performance of piezoelectric shunt damping and the vibration of the main base with the piezoelectric patches is reduced effectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1999

The study was conducted for the efficient utilization of biomaterials such as Chestnut shell which was wasted tremendously as an agricultural by-products. This biomaterials were examined for their removal rate of heavy metal ions as adsorbents in wastewater by batch adsorption experiments. In this experiment, the heavy metal ions used were $\Cd^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Cr^{6+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$. The range of time for the removal rates of heavy metal ions were observed about 10 min. The range of high pH for the removal rates of $\Cd^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ ere observed 7.0-9.0. The range of high pH for the removal rate of $Cr_{6+}$ was observed 2. In the case of raw chestnut shell, the removal rates of $\Fe^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ were above 70 percent. The removal rates of heavy metals in formaline pretreated chestnut shells except $Cd_{2+}$ were above 50 percent and in phosphorylating chestnut shells except $Cr_{6+}$ were above 60 percent. Chestnut shells pretreated by formaline and phosphorylating were not so good enough for improvement of removal rates with pH change in mixed heavy metal solution.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.711-720
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• 2003

To study characteristics of the heavy metal pollution, sediment samples were collected at 67 sites on the roadside of Jeonju city during summer and winter, 2002. The total concentration of metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the sediment samples were determined. The results indicate that the roadside sediments in Jeonju city have lower (1/2 to 1/7 times) concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd than the metal concentrations previously reported for roadside soil, dust and sewage sludges in Seoul. However, the metal concentrations are higher than environmental quality criteria in soil suggested from several countries, and Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd contents are usually 2-7 times higher than the world average contents of the metals in natural soil. Although pollution index and concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the roadside sediments at industrial area were usually higher than those of downtown and residential area, the metal having small vehicle- and steel-related industries had high concentrations of metals. The results of chemical partitioning analysis showed that Pb, Zn and Mn are mainly associated with carbonate/adsorbed and Fe-Mn oxide phases but that Cu is largely associated with the organic and sulfide fractions. It thus indicates that both large and small (vehicle- and steel-related) industries are main sources of heavy metal contamination. Due to high solubility of the carbonate phases by natural leaching episodes, the carbonate/adsorbed Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn in the roadside sediments may serve as a potential source of contamination.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 1999

This study were conducted to estimate the values of the heavy metal in the fresh water fish and shellfish collected from fish market. The levels of the heavy metal were determined in a total of 319 samples of 11 species of the fresh water fish and 14 species of the shellfish by mercury analyzer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of this study were summerized as follows; The average contents of the heavy metal in the fresh water fish were Pb 0.075, Hg 0.05:3, Cd 0.002, Cr 0.135, Fe 8.695, Mn 1.078, Zn 9A91, Cu 0.548 mg/ kg. The average contents of the heavy metal in the shellfish were Pb 0.059. Hg 0.007, Cd 0.146, Cr 0.147, Fe 40.808, Mn 7.738, Zn 13.943, Cu 2.7:31 mg/kg. Being compared the average contents of the heavy metal of the fresh water fish with those of shellfish, the average contents of Cd, Fe, Mn, Cu in the shellfish were significantly higher than in the fresh water fish(P<0.001). Depending on the sampling areas, the average contents of the heavy metal were different by districts. The contents of the heavy metal were changed with the seasons(P<0.05).