• Title/Summary/Keyword: CD7

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Modulatory Effect of Kaempferitrin, a 3,7-Diglycosylflavone, on the LPS-Mediated Up-regulation of Surface Co-stimulatory Molecules and CD29-Mediated Cell-cell Adhesion in Monocytic- and Macrophage-like Cells (활성화된 단핵구 및 대식세포의 항원제시기능에 대한 Kaempferitrin의 조절 효과)

  • Kim, Byung-Hun;Cho, Dong-Ha;Cho, Jae-Youl
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.482-489
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    • 2007
  • Kaempferitrin, isolated from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), was examined to evaluate its modulatory effects on antigen-presenting cell functions of macrophages/monocytes such as phagocytosis of foreign materials, up-regulation of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86), adhesion molecule activation, and antigen processing and presentation. Kaempferitrin strongly blocked up-regulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86, but not pattern recognition receptor (PRR) (e.g., TLR2). It also suppressed functional activation of CD29 (${\beta}1$-integrins), as assessed by cell-cell adhesion assay, required for T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interaction. Furthermore, this compound did not block a simple activation of CD29, as assessed by cell-fibronectin adhesion assay. However, the compound did not diminish phagocytic uptake, an initial step for antigen processing, and ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. In particular, to understand molecular mechanism of kaempferitrin-mediated inhibition, the regulatory role of LPS-induced signaling events was examined using immunoblotting analysis. Interestingly, this compound dose dependently suppressed the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, Src, Akt and Syk, demonstrating that it can negatively modulate the activation of these signaling enzymes. Therefore, our data suggested that kaempferitrin may be involved in regulating APC function-relevant immune responses of macrophages and monocytes by regulating intracellular signaling.

Isolation and Characterization of Trophoblast Stem Cells-like Cells Derived from Human Term Placenta

  • Na, Kyu-Hwan;Shin, Kyung-Seon;Choi, Jong-Ho;Cha, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Gi-Jin
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2010
  • The trophectoderm is one of the earliest cell types to differentiate in the forming placenta. It is an important for the initial implantation and placentation during pregnancy. Trophoblast stem cells (TBSCs) develop from the blastocyst and are maintained by signals emanating from the inner cell mass. However, several limitations including rarity and difficulty in isolation of trophoblast stem cells derived from blastocyst still exist. To establish a model for trophoblast differentiation, we isolated TBSCs from human term placenta ($\geq$38 weeks) and characterized. Cell cycle was analyzed by measuring DNA content by FACS analysis and phenotype of TBSCs was characterized by RT-PCR and FACS analysis. TBSCs have expressed various markers such as self-renewal markers (Nanog, Sox2), three germ layer markers (hNF68, alpha-cardiac actin, hAFP), trophoblast specific markers (CDX-2, CK7, HLA-G), and TERT gene. In FACS analysis, TBSCs isolated from term placenta showed that the majority of cells expressed CD13, CD44, CD90, CD95, CD105, HLA-ABC, cytokeratin 7, and HLA-G. Testing for CD31, CD34, CD45, CD71, vimentin and HLA-DR were negative. TBSCs were shown to decrease the growth rate when cultured in conditioned medium without FGF4/heparin as well as the morphology was changed to a characteristic giant cell with a large cytoplasm and nucleus. In invasion assay, TBSCs isolated from term placenta showed invasion activities in in vivo using nude mice and in vitro Matrigel system. Taken together, these results support that an isolation potential of TBSCs from term placenta as well as a good source for understanding of the infertility mechanism.

The Structural and Optical Properties with Composition Variation of CdxZn1-xO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method (Sol-Gel 방법으로 제작된 CdxZn1-xO 박막의 조성비에 따른 구조적 및 광학적 특성)

  • Cheon, Min Jong;Kim, Soaram;Nam, Giwoong;Yim, Kwang Gug;Kim, Min Su;Leem, Jae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.583-588
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    • 2011
  • $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films were grown on quartz substrates by using the sol-gel spin-coating method. The mole fraction, x, of the $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films was controlled from 0 to 1 by changes in the content ratio of the cadmium acetate dehydrate [$Cd{(CH_3COO)}_2{\cdot}2H_2O$] and zinc acetate dehydrate [$Zn{(CH_3COO)}_2{\cdot}2H_2O$]. The effects of the mole fraction on the morphological, structural, and optical properties of the $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films exhibited the polygonal surface morphology and their grain size was increased ranging from 42.1 to 63.9 nm with the increase in the mole fraction. It was observed that the absorption bandgap of the $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films decreased from 3.25 to 2.16 eV as the mole fraction increased and the Urbach energy ($E_U$) values changed inversely to the optical bandgap of the $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films.

Relationship between Fraction of Cd in Paddy Soils near Closed Mine and Cd in Polished Rice Cultivated on the same Fields (광산인근 논토양의 카드뮴 존재형태와 쌀의 카드뮴의 함량과의 관계)

  • Kim, Won-Il;Park, Byung-Jun;Park, Sang-Won;Kim, Jin-Kyoung;Kwon, Oh-Kyung;Jung, Goo-Bok;Lee, Jong-Keun;Kim, Jeong-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.184-189
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    • 2008
  • To assess the relationship between Cd fraction in paddy soils and Cd in polished rice, soils and rice were analyzed at the 3 Cd contaminated paddy fields near closed mines. Major Cd fractions of A field were organically bound (62.6%) and Fe-Mn oxide bound (25.3%) forms. In case of B field, major Cd fractions of B1 field were carbonate bound (46.3%) and Fe-Mn oxide bound (31.6%) form whereas B2 field were residual (54.3%) and carbonate bound (21.8%) form, respectively. It showed a huge difference of Cd fraction each other. 0.1M HCl extractable Cd in soil was positively correlated with Cd in rice. Specially, the ratios of 0.1M HCl extractable Cd against total Cd content in soils were 13.7%, 2.6%, and 0.45% in A, B1, and B2 fields, respectively. These ratio were largely affected with Cd uptake to rice grain. Also, exchangable, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and carbonate bound form, which are partially bioavailable Cd fraction to the plant, were positively correlated with Cd in rice while organically bound and residual form was not correlated. Multiple regression equation was developed with Rice Cd = -0.02861 + 0.07456 FR 1(exchangeable) + 0.00252 FR 2(carbonate bound) + 0.001075 FR 3(Fe Mn oxide bound) - 0.00095 FR 4(organically bound) - 0.00348 FR 5(residual) ($R^2=0.7893^{***}$) considering Cd fraction in soils.

NMR and Circular Dichroism Studies on Human CD99 Transmembrane Domain

  • Kim, Hai-Young;Shin, Joon;Shin, Young-Kee;Park, Seong-Hoe;Lee, Weon-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2003
  • Human CD99 is a ubiquitous 32-kDa transmembrane protein encoded by mic2 gene. Recently it has been reported that expression of a splice variant of CD99 transmembrane protein (Type I and Type II) increases invasive ability of human breast cancer cells. To understand structural basis for cellular functions of CD99 Type II, we have initiated studies on hCD99$\^$TMcytoI/ using circular dichroism (CD) and multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. CD spectrum of hCD99$\^$TMytoI/ in the presence of 200mM DPC and CHAPS displayed an existence ${\alpha}$-helical conformation, showing that it could form an ${\alpha}$-helix under membrane environments. In addition, we have found that the cytoplasmic domain of CD99 would form symmetric dimmer in the presence of transmembrane domain. Although it has been rarely figured out the correlation between structure and functional mechanism of hCD99$\^$TMcytoI/, the dimerization or oligomerization would play an important role in its biological function.

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Effects of Boron Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films (보론 도핑된 CdS 박막의 구조적 및 광학적 특성)

  • Lee, Jae-Hyeong;Jung, Hak-Kee
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.1032-1037
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    • 2003
  • Boron-doped CdS thin films were chemically deposited onto glass substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman techniques were used to evaluate the quality of B-doped CdS films. XRD results have confirmed that B-doped CdS films has a hexagonal structure with a preferential orientation of the (002) plane. The PL spectra for all samples consists of two prominent broad bands around 2.3 eV (green emission) and 1.6 eV (red emission) and the higher doping concentrations gradually decreased the green emission and red emission. Raman analysis has shown that undoped films have structure superior to those of B-doped CdS films. Boron doping into CdS films improved the optical transmittance and increased the optical band gap.

Optical Properties of $CdAl_2S_4 : Co_{2+}$ Single Crystal ($CdAl_2S_4 : Co_{2+}$ 단결정의 광학적 특성)

  • Kim, Hyung-Gon;Kim, Nam-Oh;Son, Kyeong-Choon
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.382-387
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    • 2000
  • The $CdAl_2S_4 and CdAl_2S_4 : Co^{2+}$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction method using iodine as a transport agent. The $CdAl_2S_4 and CdAl_2S_4 : Co^{2+}$single crystals were crystallized into a defect chalcopyrite structure. The optical energy gap of the $CdAl_2S_4 and CdAl_2S_4 : Co^{2+}$ single crystals was found to be 3.377 eV and 2.924 eV, respectively, at 300 K. Blue emission with peaks in 456nm~466nm at 280K was observed in the $CdAl_2S_4$ single crystal. Optical absorption and emission peaks due to impurities in the $CdAl_2S_4 Co^{2+}$ single crystal were observed and described as originating from the electron transition between energy levels of the $Co^{2+} ion sited at the Td symmetry point.

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Effect of Grape Intake on Cadmium Metabolism of Rats during Aging (포도의 부위별 섭취가 흰쥐의 노화 과정 중 Cadmium의 대사 및 중독에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Seo-Jin;Kim, Mi-Kyung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.997-1012
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of whole grape, grape pomace and grape juice intake on cadmium (Cd) metabolism during aging in thirteen-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. One hundred and twenty rats weighing 548.8 $\pm$ 4.3 g were assigned to eight groups according to body weight and were raised for 3, 5 or 7 months on diets containing 2 % (w/w) dried powders of three different parts of the grape (Campbell Early) and 0.02 % (w/w) CdC12. Food intake tended to decrease with aging, and body weight and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weights of Cd-exposed groups were lower than those of Cd-free groups. Cadmium accumulated in the blood and tissues and Cd concentration was the lowest in the pomace group among Cd-exposed animals. Metallothionein (MT) concentration in the tissues increased through Cd administration. Grape diets, especially grape pomace diets, were effective in decreasing Cd absorption in the tissues by increasing Cd excretion through feces. The intake of grape pomace alleviated the decrease in bone density caused by Cd administration and prevented a decrease in glomerular filtration rates (GFR) with aging. Among the parts of grape, grape pomace, which had highest content of dietary fiber and flavonoids, was the most effective. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using grape pomace as a functional food material, a prospect that previously has been discarded.

Colorimetric Determination of ${\alpha}-Cyclodextrin$ by Using the Decoloration of Starch-iodine Complex (Starch-iodine Complex의 변색반응을 이용한 ${\alpha}-Cyclodextrin$의 정량)

  • Suh, In-Yeong;Huh, Chul-Sung;Hwang, In-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.7
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    • pp.802-804
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    • 1990
  • A new colorimetric method to analyze ${\alpha}-Cyclodextrin({\alpha}-CD)$ by using a property of ${\alpha}-CD$ to decolor the starch-iodine complex, was presented. ${\alpha}-CD$ was quantitatively determined as follows. The ${\alpha}-CD$ standard solutions at concentrations up to 2 mg/ml were prepared. To 1ml of starch-iodine complex solution which contained starch(1%) and iodine (0.02% $I_2$, 0.2% KI) equivalently in distilled water, $200\;{\mu}l$ of ${\alpha}-CD$ standard solutions and 3 ml of distilled water were added and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Using this mothod ${\alpha}-CD$ concentration range at $0{\sim}2\;mg/ml$ could be determined and their absorbance patterns at 570 nm showed a good linearity. ${\beta}(CD)$ and glucose had no interference in this method for ${\alpha}-CD$ determination.

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Study on the Mobility of Cd Ion Using Extraction by Solutions in Stem Wood of Pinus densiflora L. (용매추출(溶媒抽出)에 의한 소나무(Pinus densiflora L.) 수간부(樹幹部)에서의 Cd 이동성(移動性)에 관(關한) 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Kyungwon;Cho, Namhoon;Kim, Jeong-Gyu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.89 no.1
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2000
  • In order to understand the chemical binding forms of Cd in terms of its binding strength in wood, the radial distribution of it through dendroanalysis and its different chemical fractions in trunk wood of mature red pine(Pinus densiflora L.) trees grown in a relatively unpolluted area, in Kangwon-Province, were examined. Total Cd concentration in stem wood was determined by dry digestion and $H_2O$ and 0.01 M solutions of citric acid, malic acid, $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$, $Na_2EDTA$ were used as extracting solutions for Cd. Extracting efficiencies of applied solutions were expressed as % of Cd concentration extracted by $Na_2EDTA$ which extracted all Cd instead of Cd total concentration. Total concentration of Cd decreased from the innermost rings near pith towards the the outermost rings near cambium. Especially through the transition zone this tendency was observed clearly. $H_2O$ was the least effective extractant of Cd, then extracting efficiency increased in the order $MgCl_2$ < $CaCl_2$ $Na_2EDTA$ (extracted all Cd). According to the radial position, extracting efficiency of Cd was ranging from 7 to 30% by $H_2O$ and even from 60 to 95% by citric acid. The Cd extracting efficiencies of $H_2O$ and organic acids increased continuously from the stem center to outermost annual rings, whereas salts showed somewhat different tendency, suddenly decreasing near the outermost ring. The results are discussed with regard to the different chemical binding forms of Cd and the mobility of Cd in wood and comparable with ones in previous studies on Pinus sylvestris and Quercus patraea. According to the results, usefulness of radial distribution pattern of Cd in pine tree trunks for retrosective biomonitoring is questioned.

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