• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2009

Plakoglobin (PKG) is a protein linking cadherin adhesion receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and its overexpression has been known to suppress cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in thyroid cancer. We investigated the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, on the methylation status of the promoter and the expression of the plakoglobin gene in a thyroid carcinoma cell line (ARO) and papillary thyroid carceinoma. In cultures of ARO cell line incubated without 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), five of the fifteen CpG sites in the promoter spanning -225 and -54 were methylated at 4.2 - 12.5%. When the cells were treated with 5-Aza-CdR, all the methylated CpG sites were induced to be demethylated except one. In addition, a new methylation at one CpG site, CpG4, was identified at level of 12.0%. The expression level of PKG decreased approximately 10-fold in the 5-Aza-CdR treated cells compared to untreated cells. Different pattern of promoter methylation and expression of PKG was also observed in the tissue samples. CpG10 and CpG12 sites were methylated at 9.0-27.0% in normal tissues. However, in cancer tissues, CpG5 and CpG10 sites were methylated at 10.0-22.0%. Three of ten normal thyroid tissue samples and one of thirteen papillary carcinoma tumor samples showed increased PKG mRNA expression level. PKG protein expression analyzed by the immunohistochemical staining showed higher expression in the tumor compared with normal.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

Soil contamination survey was conducted during March - July, 2017 to obtain soil contamination profile of 16 organic and inorganic contaminants in Hanam industrial complex located in Gwangju, Korea. The concentrations of all surveyed contaminants except Cd showed were within 0.3~1.5 times of their natural background levels. Cd showed concentrations as high as 6.9 times of the background level, signifying the influence of the metal processing facilities in the complex. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Hg in areas nearby industrial facilities were 1.3~5.5 times higher than those within the facility and green area. The concentration of Cu in the green area was 1.4~2.9 times higher than in other areas. The Soil Pollution Index (SPI) analysis revealed 54% of the total area belong to first-grade soil, 43% to second-grade, and 3% to third-grade. The Enrichment Factor (EF) of Zn, Pb, and Cd were 9.2, 15.6, and 88.5, respectively, indicating high accumulation and contamination of the soil with Cd.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2005

In this experiment, the effects of cage density (CD) and probiotic supplementation (PS) on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak-producing hens were evaluated. After blocking according to the cage location, Lohman layers (n = 180, 46 wks of age) were allocated randomly to two levels of CD (540 vs. 360 $cm^2$/hen) and three levels of PS (0, 0.15, and 0.30%). Probiotic contained Enterococcus faecium culture (10${\times}$10$^9$ cfu/g). Egg production (EP) and feed consumption (FC) were measured daily; egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly; BW was measured before and after the experiment; and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Increasing CD decreased FC (125.0 vs. 120.8 g/d, p<0.0001) and FCR (1.93 vs. 1.87, p<0.0001) and did not alter EP, EW, and BW. Increasing level of PS linearly decreased FC (p<0.02) and FCR (p<0.006). Averages were 123.9, 123.2, and 121.6 g/d for FC and 1.91, 1.92, and 1.86 for FCR in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. Hens placed in high-density cages had greater serum corticosterone concentration than hens placed in normal-density cages (12.8 vs. 11.3 $\mu$g/dL, p<0.04); CD did not affect concentrations of other metabolites. Increasing level of PS linearly increased serum glucose, albumin, and creatine concentrations and quadratically increased total protein, globulin, Ca, and P concentrations. Average concentrations (mg/dL) were 260, 297, and 305 for glucose; 6.28, 8.09, and 7.58 for total protein; 1.98, 2.48, and 2.38 for albumin; 4.30, 5.62, and 5.19 for globulin; 0.40, 0.52, and 0.54 for creatine; 16.0, 16.5, and 16.3 for Ca; and 6.27, 8.14, and 7.17 for P in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was no effect of CD on egg quality. Increasing level of PS linearly improved yolk color (YC) and quadratically increased albumen index (AI) and Haugh unit (HU). The mean values were 9.67, 9.75, and 10.58 for YC; 8.94, 6.93, and 8.72% for AI; and 85.6, 74.9, and 82.9 for HU for hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was also CD by PS effect on FC, EP, and serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatine, Ca and P concentrations. In conclusion, increased CD partially depressed laying performance and caused stress. Probiotic supplementation improved laying performance and metabolic profile. It also partially alleviated the adverse effects of stress resulting from increased caging density.

• 광학세계
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• 통권96호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

프로젝션 TV, 비디오 카메라나 CD 등과 같은 전자 광학((Electro-optics) 제품 시장이 확대되고 있다. 이들 제품의 광학 부품을 소형경량화·고성능화·저가격화 하기 위해 각 제조업체에서 독자적인 비구면 가공 기술을 개발하고 있으며, 종전의 유리 렌즈에서 좀더 가벼운 플라스틱 렌즈로 이동하고 있다. 이 광학 부품들의 요구 정밀도는 형상 정밀도, 면 거칠기 모두 요구값이 높아지고 있으며 초정밀 비구면 경면 절삭 기술이 이용되고 있다. 본 고에서는 프로젝션 TV 및 비디오 카메라의 비구면 플라스틱용 금형을 대상으로 무전해 니켈 도금막의 초정밀 경면 절삭 기술에 대해 소개한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 노화에 따른 영양 태와 면역지표의 변화를 알아보기 위해 연령대가 다른 성인 여성 총 54명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연령 이외의 환경적 유전적 차이를 최소화하기 위하여 대부분이 한 가족 내 3세대, 즉 20대인 딸, 40~50대인 어머니, 60세 이상의 할머니들로 구성시켰다. 대상자들의 신체 계측, 식이 섭취 조사, 생화학적 검사를 통해 영양상태를 판정하였고, 면역지표를 평가하기 위해 총 백혈구 수 및 백혈구 백분율을 측정하였다. 또한 세포매개성 면역능력을 측정하기 위해 T ltmphocyte과 CD4 +, CD8 + 그리고 NK cells의 수와 비율을 측정하였으며 체액성 면역지표를 알아보기 위해 면역 글로불린 G, A, M의 농도를 측정하였다. 신체 계측 결과 연령이 증가됨에 따라 평균 체지방 함량은 증가하였고 체내 총 수분량과 근육의 양은 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 각 연령별 영양 섭취 상태를 조사한 결과 20대 여대생군의 경우 열량과 철분을 제외한 다른 영양소의 영양상태는 비교적 양호하였으나 3대 영양소의 열량 섭취 비율 또한 한국인 영양섭취기준과 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 40~50대 어머니군에서도 철분의 영양 상태가 권장량에 비해 부족하였고, 할머니군에서는 에너지 섭취량은 권장량에 비해 낮은 반면 단백질과 철분의 섭취량은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 총 백혈구 수 및 백혈구 백분율은 조사 대상자 대부분이 정상 범위에 속해 연령 증가에 따른 유의성이 없었으며, T lymphocyte 및 CD4 +, CD8 +와 NK cells을 조사한 결과 T lymphocyte과 CD4 + T cells은 연령 증가에 따라 유의적 차를 보이지 않는 반면 CD8 + T cells은 연령이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하여 CD4 +：CD8 +의 비율이 노화됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타냈고, 전체 lymphocyte 중에서 NK cells과 B lymphocyte 수는 유의적 차를 보이지 않았으나 면역 글로불린 M은 노화에 따라 그 농도가 감소하는데 비해 면역 글로불린 A는 각 군별 유의성이 없었고, 면역 글로불린 G는 어머니군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 영양 면역학은 비교적 최근의 관심 분야이고 더욱이 국내에서 이 분야의 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 그러므로 급속히 발달하고 있는 면역학 이론의 올바른 이해와 새로운 연구 방법의 신속한 적용, 정확한 연구 결과의 해석으로 좀더 구체적이고 체계적인 연구를 통해 각 영양소가 인체 면역지표에 미치는 구체적 메커니즘을 밝히고 면역능 증진을 위한 생리적 활성을 줄 수 있는 각 영양소의 권장량에 대한 연구가 앞으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-20
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 우리가 사는 4차 산업 시대에 많은 사람들이 사용하는 인터넷을 연결할 때 사용하는 LAN의 종류를 구분하고 속도를 비교 해보았다. 가장 빠른 802.11n의 전송속도가 최대 300Mbps인데 두 번째로 빠른 무선 네트워크 속도가 54Mbps인걸 비교하면 802.11n이 약 6배 빨라졌으므로 앞으로의 무선 랜의 전송 속도는 더욱 빨라질 것으로 예상된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.331-352
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• 2021

The relationship of both heavy metals and major elements in soil, plants, and groundwater was studied in a hyper-arid area and depends completely on the groundwater to cover its all needs. The study reviles that 27.3% of the studied groundwater was strongly acidic and has very low pH values (

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2016

Toxoplasmosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, occurs throughout the world. Human T. gondii infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the population; however, the infection is life-threatening and causes substantial neurologic damage in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-infected persons. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in subjects infected with HIV/AIDS in eastern China. Our findings showed 9.7% prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS patients, which was higher than in intravenous drug users (2.2%) and healthy controls (4.7%), while no significant difference was observed in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody among all participants (P>0.05). Among all HIV/AIDS patients, 15 men (7.7%) and 10 women (15.9%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody; however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody between males and females. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 8.0%, 13.2%, 5.5%, and 0% in patients with normal immune function ($CD4^+$ T-lymphocyte count ${\geq}500cells/ml$), immunocompromised patients (cell count ${\geq}200$ and <500 cells/ml), severely immunocompromised patients (cell count ${\geq}50$ and <200 cells/ml), and advanced AIDS patients, respectively (cell count <50 cells/ml), while only 3 immunocompromised patients were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. The results indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients in eastern China, and a preventive therapy for toxoplasmosis may be given to HIV/AIDS patients based on $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte count.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2012

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) can be divided into germinal centre (GC-DLBCL) and post germinal centre (post GC-DLBCL) groups by applying immunohistochemical antibodies. As these subgroups respond differently to chemotherapy, it is possible at diagnosis to select a poor prognostic subgroup for aggressive treatment. Objective: To determine the frequencies of GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL in patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical response after six cycles of chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive study conducted in AFIP and CMH, Rawalpindi and NORI, Islamabad, from September 2010 to September 2011, a total of 75 pretreatment cases of DLBCL diagnosed during the study period were included. Cases were segregated in to GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL groups according to results of immunohistochemistry markers CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. Immediate clinical response was assessed after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Response was divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease or relapse or progression. Results: The mean age was $54.2{\pm}15$. Males were 53 (70.7%). Forty (53.3%) cases comprised the GC-DLBCL group; 25(62.5%) of them showed a complete response. Most patients of the post GC-DLBCL 19(54%) showed relapse/progression. Results of immediate clinical response in both prognostic subgroups were significant (p<0.05). Results regarding positivity with immunohistochemical antibodies CD10 (p 0.011), BCL6 (p 0.013) and MUM1 (p 0.000) regarding immediate clinical response were also significant. Conclusion: GC-DLBCL group shows better response to CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Immunohistochemistry should be used to further classify DLBCL as this can enable us to select aggressive group for aggressive treatment. This manuscript is important because the study is the first to becarried out exclusively in Pakistan or our part of the world.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

Jeotgal (salted seafood) has been one of major fermented foods in Korea for long time. Although there are many studies about Jeotgal in various aspects of food, its immunological importance on hosts has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated if several bacteria isolated from Jeotgal may modulate the function of dendritic cells (DCs), powerful antigen-presenting cells equipped with special immunological capabilities. 4 Jeotgal bacteria were selected as representatives and used for experiments. To treat viable DCs, those bacteria were killed at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The viability of DCs treated with Jeotgal bacteria was verified and two isolates significantly induced high production of interleukin-12, a representative cell-mediated cytokine of DCs. Surface activation and maturation markers (MHC class II, CD40, CD86) of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometer. In addition, the treated DCs showed significantly high lymphocyte stimulatory capability compared to control DCs based on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. These observations suggest that Jeotgal isolates can function as immunostimulating bacteria in hosts, like Lactobacillus. Taken together, these experimental evidences may broaden the use of Jeotgal isolates in immunological fields in addition to as a fermented food.