• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we evaluate psychological stress, symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood and resilience which medical residents and interns perceived during COVID-19 event, then investigate the associations between stress and the symptoms and mediating effect of resilience on the associations. Methods : In this study, we made a self-reporting form to evaluate psychological stress with perceived stress scale (PSS), symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood with Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD), and resilience with Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Medical residents and interns, who worked in a hospital during COVID-19 event, filled the self-reporting forms from july, 2020 to august, 2020. We conducted a Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression to confirm association between psychological stress and symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, then mediating effect of resilience. Results : The higher stress perceived, the more symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood were reported by medical residents and interns. The higher resilience is associated with lower stress and less symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, which resilience is proven to mediate partially the association between stress and symptoms of depressed mood. Conclusions : This study shows that resilience has a partial mediating effects on the association between stress and psychological pathology especially depressed mood, given that medical residents and interns were under psychological distress during COVID-19 event. This suggests that resilience is the key for medical trainees to overcome the future crisis like COVID-19 event.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 2011

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are currently being evaluated as a novel strategy for tumor vaccination and immunotherapy. However, inducing long-term regression in established tumor-implanted mice is difficult. Here, we show that deoxypohophyllotoxin (DPT) induces maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived DCs via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation of MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$. Methods: The phenotypic and functional maturation of DPT-treated DCs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and cytokine production, respectively. DPT-treated DCs was also used for mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T cell-priming capacity and for tumor regression against melanoma. Results: DPT promoted the activation of $CD8^+$ T cells and the Th1 immune response by inducing IL-12 production in DCs. In a B16F10 melanoma-implanted mouse model, we demonstrated that DPT-treated DCs (DPT-DCs) enhance immune priming and regression of an established tumor in vivo. Furthermore, migration of DPT-DCs to the draining lymph nodes was induced via CCR7 upregulation. Mice that received DPT-DCs displayed enhanced antitumor therapeutic efficacy, which was associated with increased IFN-${\gamma}$ production and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that the adjuvant effect of DPT in DC vaccination is associated with the polarization of T effector cells toward a Th1 phenotype and provides a potential therapeutic antitumor immunity.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.318-323
• /
• 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that present immunosuppressive effects in experimental and clinical trials targeting various rare diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, recent studies have reported tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) possesses uncanonical roles such as angiostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, little is known about the function of WRS in MSC-based therapy. In this study, we investigated if a novel factor, WRS, secreted from MSCs has a role in amelioration of IBD symptoms and determined a specific mechanism underlying MSC therapy. Experimental colitis was induced by administration of 3% DSS solution to 8-week-old mice and human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) were injected intraperitoneally. Secretion of WRS from hUCB-MSCs and direct effect of WRS on isolated $CD4^+$ T cells was determined via in vitro experiments and hUCB-MSCs showed significant therapeutic rescue against experimental colitis. Importantly, WRS level in serum of colitis induced mice decreased and recovered by administration of MSCs. Through in vitro examination, WRS expression of hUCB-MSCs increased when cells were treated with interferon-${\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$). WRS was evaluated and revealed to have a role in inhibiting activated T cells by inducing apoptosis. In summary, $IFN-{\gamma}$-mediated secretion of WRS from MSCs has a role in suppressive effect on excessive inflammation and disease progression of IBD and brings new highlights in the immunomodulatory potency of hUCB-MSCs.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2008

In this study to evaluate the involvement of EGFR, HER-2/neu and ALCAM (CD166) oncogene products in canine mammary neoplastic lesions, sections of archived paraffin-embedded samples of 49 mammary tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies against human EGFR and HER-2/neu and ALCAM. These 49 tumors were divided into 2 groups: 22 benign (19 adenoma, 3 benign mixed tumors) and 27 malignant tumors (2 simple adenocarcinomas, 5 complex adenocarcinomas, 3 solid carcinoma, 5 sclerosing carcinoma, 8 malignant mixed tumors and 4 malignant myoepithelioma). As a result of immunostaining, 31.8% (7/22) of the benign tumors and 29.6% (8/27) of the malignant tumors expressed the HER-2/neu oncogene product, EGFR expression was detected in 27.3% (6/22) of benign tumors and in 22.2% (6/27) of the malignant tumors. ALCAM expression was detected in 40.9% (9/22) of benign tumors and in 7.4% (2/27) of the malignant tumors. These results suggest that some of the biological and morphological characteristics of the tumor are associated with canine mammary gland tumors, as also reported for human breast cancer, the possibility of using anti-HER-2/neu antibodies in the treatment of canine mammary tumors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.542-548
• /
• 2005

Chemical components and physiological activities Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides Starf) extracts obtained by burning, dry heating or extracting with water or 70% ethanol and were investigated. Contents of soluble solid and total phenolic compounds were highest in the ethanol extract. Contents of polyphenols such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and ferulic acid were determined. Free sugars consisted of galactose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Organic acids including citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, and acetic acid were present in the bamboo extracts. Antioxidant activities of dry heat and ethanol extracts were higher than those of BHA or ${\delta}-tocopherol$. Nitrite- scavenging effect of extracts ranged from 84.7 to 99.6% at pH 1.2 ana 3.0. Tyrosinase-inhibitory activity was higher in the water extract, and SOD-like and ACE-inhibitory activity were highest in tile dry kent extract. Antimicrobial activities of the bamboo extracts were strong against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli O157, and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.106-117
• /
• 2006

We measured the concentrations of organic matter and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor (in the southern sea, Korea) to evaluate the geochemical characters of sediment and the pollutions by organic matter and metallic elements. The mean grain size of the surface sediments in the study area ranged from $5.6{\phi}$ to $7.8{\phi}$, indicating silt sediment. The water content of the surface sediments exceeded 60% except at some stations. The contents of ignition loss (IL), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 7.2-14.3%, 1.2-3.2%, and 0.10-0.28%, respectively. Based on the C/N ratios, the organic matter in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor may originate from terrigenous sources including fluvial inputs (mainly sewage in urban areas). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) ranged from $11.3-29.9\;mgO_2/g\;dry$ and 0.20-4.47 mgS/g dry, respectively, and low concentrations were observed near a shipping route. In addition, the concentrations of metallic elements showed large spatial variations in Masan Harbor and the distributions of metallic elements were also comparable to those of organic matter. This implies that the distributions of organic matter and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor are mainly controlled by biogenic matter and artificial action (mainly dredging). In addition, we calculated the enrichment facto. (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in order to evaluate pollution by metallic elements. The enrichment of metallic elements relative to Al was three to eighteen times higher at the study sites, compared to levels in the Earth's crust except for Fe, Ni and Mn. In addition, the Igeo class indicated that the surface sediments in the study area were moderately to strongly polluted in terms of metallic elements.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.93-130
• /
• 1997

The objective of this study is to catch hold of the problem occurring in the process in which librarians have obtained government publications and to show the method that can construct the rational distribution system of government publications. For this study, total 56 librarians who work for 44 institutes sponsored by central government and 12 institutes sponsored by local government were chosen as the objects of research and questionnaire survey to know how to obtain government publications. How to construct the rational distribution system of government publications is as follows. (1) The exclusive organization to manage overall service for government publications should be established newly or previous similar organization should be reorganized. (2) As reinforcing the law concerning deposit copy, government publications should be distributed obligatorily to all of the depository agency, and the depository library system of government publications should be introduced and managed newly. Especially the management of deposit copy and the depository library system of government publications should be undertaken by the exclusive agency of government publications. (3) Free-government publications should be converted to pay-government publications as much as possible so that everyone can purchase government publications easily. And free-government publications which are difficult to convert to pay-government publications should be distributed according to rational standard by the exclusive agency of government publications. (4) Pay-government publications should be sold by private distribution organization under exclusive agency of government publications. Also printing, editing and pricing of pay-government publications should be done by private distribution organization to compete with general books. (5) In order to promote the sales of pay-government publications, the sales centers of government publications must be established even in city and county. Also special government publications which have much demand should be sold even in general book stores. Especially the management of the sales centers should be undertaken by private distribution organization. (6) It is necessary to abolish or improve unreasonable regulations or system related to government publications and to make legislative, institutional devices for government publications. (7) The public relations for government publications should be enforced much through TV or radio etc. , and the various bibliographic tools of government publications should be developed and disseminated for the sake of much utilization of government publications. (8) By using new technology like CD-ROMs or communication networks, electronic production and distribution of government publications should be push ahead positively. And electronic information distribution center to su n.0, pport it should be established by government agency.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.5 s.86
• /
• pp.349-359
• /
• 2005

In this study, we focused on the geographical and the meterological conditions, the atmospheric examination, the soil contents and compositions in order to establish cultural properties conservation plan in Gyeongju and its surroundings. Also, the transport route with environmental contaminants in Ulsan and Pohang was examined. The results could be summarized as follows ; Air pollutant and environmental contaminant was transported by two types of winds. One is induced by local winds, the other is induced by synoptic winds. Air contaminant transported from coastal regions to inland regions were associated with wind velocity. Gyeongju had good atmospheric conditions, i.e. $SO_2\;0.009{\sim}0.011ppm,\;CO\;0.6{\sim}0.8ppm,\;NO_2\;0.015{\sim}0.020ppm,\;O_3\;0.017{\sim}0.032ppm,\;PM_{10}\;46{\sim}62{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;Pb\;0.034{\sim}0.060{\mu}g/m^3$, which was below environmental air qualify standards and was little lower than those of Pohang and Ulsan. However, Ulsan and Pohang city are located on south-east coast and have many industrial facilities. Hence, air pollution problems become serious issues in Ulsan, Pohang, Busan, Daegu and other cities due to the emission of air pollutants from the various industrial facilities, incinerator and power plants, etc. The soil of Gyeongju had heavy metals conditions, i.e. $Cd\;0.01{\sim}0.08mg/kg,\;Cu\;N.D{\sim}2.39mg/kg,\;As\;N.D{\sim}0.07mg/kg,\;Hg\;N.D{\sim}0.15mg/kg,\;Pb\;0.49{\sim}1.39mg/kg,\;Cr^{+6}\;0.02{\sim}0.42mg/kg,\;Fe\;0.74{\sim}1.55mg/kg,\;Mn\;0.11{\sim}0.49mg/kg\;and\;Zn\;1.11{\sim}3.56mg/kg$. However, pH value of soil had range of $4.12{\sim}7.45$. The results showed that high pH concentration of soil could occur due to air pollution diffusion and environmental contaminant transport at Ulsan and Pohang city.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2001

Purpose: This study was to observe whether the apoptotic function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is induced in human gastric epithelial dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma according to the role of FasL expression. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 gastric epithelial dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled in this study: 9 cases of gastric epithelial dysplasia, 18 cases of early gastric carcinomas (EGC) and 29 cases of advanced gastric carcinomas (AGC). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for FasL and CD45, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) method was used to detect cell death in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Results: 1) Positive reactions of FasL to neoplastic cells were $88.9\%$ (8/9) in gastric epithelial dysplasia, $83.3\%$ (15/18) in EGC, and $75.9\%$ (22/29) in AGC. 2) Expression of TIL was decreased in the FasL positive region and was increased in the FasL negative region, and significant expression of TIL was observed in the AGC group (P=0.001). 3) Expression of apoptotic TIL was very similar to the FasL expression, and $100\%$ expression was observed in gastric epithelial dysplasia group. 4) Expression of apoptotic TIL was increased in the FasL positive region and decreased in the FasL negative region, and significant apoptotic expression was observed in the gastric epithelial dysplasia and EGC groups (P=0.0420, P=0.0263, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that FasL is a prevalent mediator of immune privilege in epithelial dysplasia and cancer of the stomach.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 1998

Crystal structural analyses of the API-TLCK complex revealed that the ${\epsilon}$-amino group (NZ) of the lysyl part of TLCK forms hydrogen bonds with OD1 of $Asp^225$ which is a substrate specificity determinant of API, OG of $Ser^214$, O of $Ser^214$, OG1 of $Thr^189$, and O of $Thr^189$ l89/. The ${\beta}$-carboxyl oxygen of $Asp^225$ forms hydrogen bonds with the NE1 of $Trp^182$. From these observations, it is thought that besides $Asp^225$, $Thr^189$, $Ser^214$, and $Trp^182$ may also contribute to the steric specificity for lysine and high proteolytic activity of API. The side-chain hydroxyl groups of $Thr^189$ and $Ser^214$ were removed to elucidate the role of these hydrogen bonds in the $S_1$-pocket. The $k_{cat}$/$K_m$ of T189V, S214A, and T189V.S214A were decreased to 1/4, 1/3, and 1/46, respectively, of the value for native API. The decreased activities were mainly due to the increase of $K_m$. The CD and fluoroscence spectra of the three mutants were similar to those of wild-type API. With regards to the kinetic parameters ($K_i\;and\;k_2$) of mutants for the reaction involving TLCK and DFP, $k_2$decreased by increase of $K_1$ only. These results suggest that the decreased catalytic activity of these mutants is caused by the partial loss of the hydrogen bond network in the $S_1$-pocket. On the other hand, the similarity of enzymatic properties between W182F and the native enzyme suggests that the hydrogen bond between OD2 of $Asp^225$ and NE1 of $Trp^182$ is not directly related to the reaction of $Asp^225$ with the substrate.