• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2002

감성정보를 디자인 활동에 필요한 정보로 활용하기 위해서는 전체 디자인 프로세스에서 사용자를 최초 컨셉 단계에서부터 참여시켜 관찰 및 평가에 적극 동참케 하는 사용자 참여 디자인이 매우 효과적이다. 이러한 감성 정보 수집 및 평가를 통한 상용자 인터페이스 디자인 개발 프로세스를 MP3 CDP를 대상으로 적용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 최근의 MP3CD Player들은 일반 음악 CD들이 10여곡에서 많게는 20여곡 정도의 분량을 가지고 있는 것에 비해 그 분량이 최고 100여곡 이상에 이르고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 MP3CD Player들은 기존의 일반 음악 CD Player의 UI를 소극적으로 수정, 변경하여 사용하고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구는 자체적인 곡 분류방법을 제시하고 있는 ‘H’사의 MP3CD Player를 선정하고 이를 기준으로 초기 디자인에 사용자를 참여시켜 사용자 감성 정보 및 요소들을 효과적으로 평가하여 사용자 중심 디자인을 극대화 시키는 방법을 모색하였다. 제품의 최초 기능 분석시에는 카드인덱스(Card Index)방식을 이용하여 기능을 그룹핑하고 인터페이스를 개선하였으며 이를 토대로 프로토타입을 완성하였다. 이를 사용자가 직접 조작하는 방식을 관찰 분석하여 평가 결과를 토대로 UI 디자인가이드라인을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1998

Microorganisms such as alga are able to uptake toxic and heavy metal ions. After Cd(Ⅱ) was preconcentrated on the carbon paste electrode constructed by incorporating alga (Anabaena), it was determined with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. A well-defined oxidation peak of Cd(Ⅱ) was obtained at - 0.75 V vs. SCE. We investigated the optimum conditions using the peak, which are the effect of the amount of alga, pH, ionic strength, temperature, and preconcentration time on the preconcentration of Cd(Ⅱ) and that of the reduction time and potential on the reduction of Cd(Ⅱ) preconcentrated. Calibration curve for the determination of Cd(Ⅱ) was linear over the range of $1.0{\times}10^6\;M\;to\;8.0{\times}10^6$\;M (R=0.9978) and the detection limit was $5.0{\times}10^{-7}$\;M. The relative standard deviation was 3.1% (n=6) for $7.0{\times}10^{-6}\;M Cd(Ⅱ). In regeneration of the electrode surface with 0.1 M HCl, the response was reproducible continuously by 10 times.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.634-640
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• 2015

Chelating agents have been proposed to improve the efficiency of phytoextraction of heavy metal hyperaccumulator. However, little studies to elucidate mechanism of chelating agents to increase cadmium (Cd) extractability have been conducted. The objectives of this study were to evaluate effect of different chelating agents on Cd extractability and to determine mechanism of Cd mobilization affected by these agents. An arable soil was spiked with inorganic Cd ($CdCl_2$) to give a total Cd concentration of $20mgCdkg^{-1}$. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) were selected and mixed with the arable soil at the rates of 0 and $5mmolkg^{-1}$. The mixture soils were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks in dark condition. Concentration of F1 Cd fractions (water soluble) significantly increased with addition of EDTA but did not changed with addition of CA. Especially; concentration of F5 Cd fractions (residual) significantly increased with addition of CA. Increase in water soluble with EDTA might be attributed to complexation of Cd and EDTA. Dissolved organic carbon concentration significantly increased with EDTA addition, but did not with CA implying that considerable amount of CA was decomposed to inorganic carbon by microorganism. Log activity of carbonate ($CO_3{^{2-}}$) which might be generated from CA increased with addition of CA. Increase in residual Cd fraction might be due to precipitation of Cd as $CdCO_3$. As a result, EDTA was effective in increasing Cd extractability, by contrast CA had significant effect in reducing Cd extractability.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 1996

Macrophage inflammatory protein $(MIP)-1{\alpha}$ is a cytokine which produces wide range of bioactivities such as proinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hematopoietic modulatory actions. To determine whether $MIP-1{\alpha}$ acts as a negative regulator on the functions of lymphocyte, $[^3H]$-thymidine incorporation test and flow cytometric analysis were performed by using human tonsil T cell, human peripheral blood T cell, and murine cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) line CTLL-2, The results were as follow. 1. When human tonsil T lymphocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), rate of T cell proliferation was about four times increased. 200ng/ml of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ inhibited anti-CD3 mAb-mediated T cell growth as much as 60% (P<0.05). 2. The suppression of human peripheral T cell proliferation produced by $MIP-1{\alpha}$ was dramatic, but variable among T cells derived from different individuals $(40%{\sim}90%)$. 3. $MIP-1{\alpha}$inhibited the proliferation of murine CTL line CTLL-2 as much as 75%(P<0.001). 4. When the $MIP-1{\alpha}$ was added to human peripheral T cell, cell proporation of $CD4^+$ helper T cell and $CD8^+$ CTL were not noticeably affected. The expression level of CD4, not of Cd8, however, was down regulated by $MIP-1{\alpha}$ treatment $(27%{\sim}82%)$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.733-737
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• 2018

Cucurbitacin-I, a natural triterpenoid derived from Cucurbitaceae family plants, exhibits a number of potentially useful pharmacological and biological activities. Indeed, the previous study demonstrated that cucurbitacin-I reduced the proliferation of colon cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. CD44, a type I transmembrane protein with the function of adhering to cells, mediates between the extracellular matrix and other cells through hyaluronic acid. Recent studies have demonstrated that an overexpression of the CD44 membrane receptor results in tumor initiation and growth, specific behaviors of cancer stem cells, the development of drug resistance, and metastasis. The aim was to examine the effect of cucurbitacin-I on CD44 expression human ovarian cancer cells because the effect of cucurbitacin-I on CD44 expression has not been reported. The expressions of CD44 mRNA and protein were detected using a quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and a Western blot analysis, respectively. Treatment with cucurbitacin-I inhibited the expression of CD44 mRNA and protein. A subsequent analysis revealed that cucurbitacin-I blocked the phosphorylation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa-B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), which are key regulators of CD44 expression. Taken together, the data demonstrate that cucurbitacin-I regulates the AP-1 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways, leading to decreased CD44 expression.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.28-31
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• 2002

The Cdl-xZnxTe film was fabricated by thermal evaporation for the flat-panel X-ray detector. The stoichimetric ratio and the crystal structure of a polycrystalline Cd$_{1-x}$ Zn$_{x}$Te were investigated by EPMA and XRD, respectively. The leakage current and X-ray sensitivity of the fabricated films were measured to analyze the X-ray response characteristic of Zn in the polycrystalline CdZnTe thin film. The leakage current and the output charge density of Cd$_{0.7}$Zn$_{0.3}$Te thin film were measured to 0.37 nA/cm$^2$ and 260 pc/cm$^2$ at an applied voltage of 2.5 V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. Experimental results showed that the increase of Zn doping rates in Cd$_{1-x}$ Zn$_{x}$Te detectors reduced the leakage current and improved the signal to noise ratio significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.355-359
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• 1994

Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4(X=0.50) 결정을 수직 Bridgman 방법으로 성장시키고 성장된 결정의 결정구조 및 XPS 특성을 연구하였다. 성장된 결정은 pseudocubic 구조이고 격자상수는 a=5.778$\AA$으로 주어졌다. Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4 결정의 각 성분원소인 cadmium cobalt indium 그리고 selenium에 대한 XPS spectrum으 로부터 결합에너지와 결합상태를 조사하였다. Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4결정과 결합하지 안는 각 성분원소인 cadium cobalt imdium 그리고 selenium에 대한 core level의 XPS spectrum과 비교하면 각 성분원소상 이의 결합에 의한 chemical shift 현상 때문에 core level의 결합에너지가 0.10~4.87 eV 차이가 있다. Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4 결정에서 Co 2P3/2 core level의 주 peak와 statellite peak와의 결합에너지 차이로부터 cadmium과 치화된 cobalt는 Co2+ ion으로 Td symmetry 점에 위치함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-85
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effects of Danggwisayeokgaohsuyusaenggang-tang(hereinafter referred to DST) on arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1 OlaHsd mice. Methods : For this purpose, DST was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC) analysis, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node and paw joint, cytokine were measured in vivo. Results : 1. The cytotoxicity against human fibroblast cells(hFCs) was not measured in any concentration. 2. In HPLC analysis, There are high peak patterns at 8 minute(min), 12 min, 35 min, 45 min. 3. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. 4. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of DST group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation(Hematoxylin and eosin stain(H&E), Masson's trichrome(M-T) staining). 5. In total cell counts of draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, the cells in DLN decreased significantly on DST 200 mg/kg and the cells in paw joint decreased significantly on 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. 6. In DLN, $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, major histocompatibility complex(MHC), class-II/$CD11c^+$ cells decreased significantly on DST 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg $CD3^+/CD8^+$ cells decreased significantly on DST 200 200 mg/kg, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+/CD44^+$ cells decreased. 7. In paw joints, $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly on DST 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. 8. In joints, levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, cyclo-oxygenase-2(COX-2), NOS-II were decreased on DST 200 mg/kg and DST 50 mg/kg. 9. In analysing of cytokine in CD3/CD28 activated spleen, IL-17 was decreased significantly, IL-4 was increased significantly $INF-{\gamma}$ was decreased on DST 200 mg/kg. 10. In analysing of cytokine in collagen activated spleen, IL-17 were decreased significantly, IL-4 was increased significantly. Conclusions : This results demonstrated that DST suppressed the inflammatory progression of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice and supported further studies are required to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1576-1583
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• 2006

In order to investigate the effect of Goamshimshinhwan(GASSW) on SD rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methotrexate was fed to the SD rats once a day for 4 days. After the immune responses of the at a dosage 1,000, 500 and 250mg/kg/10ml. and the changes on body weight and gains, spleen weight, total blood leukocyte numbers, total lymphocyte numbers, the percentage of B-cell, T-cell, CD3+CD+4 T-cell, CD3+CD8+ T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios in the bolld and spleen were observed. In addition, the serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were also demonstrated in this study. The changes on body weight were increased significantly in 100 and 500mg/kg of GASSW groups and the changes on body gain were increased significantly in 1000mg/kg of GASSW groups as compared with control group. The changes on the spleen weight (absolutely or relatively) were increased significantly in all GASSW groups as compared with control group. The total blood leukocyte numbers were increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg of GASSW groups as compared with control group. The total lymphocyte numbers were increased significantly in all GASSW groups in the blood and increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg of GASSW goups in spleen as compared with control group. The percentage of B-cell and T-cell were increased significantly in 1000mg/kg of GASSW groups in the blood and increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg of GASSW groups in spleen as compared with control group. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T-cell and the serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were increased significantly in 100 and 500 mg/kg of GASSW groups in the blood and spleen as compared with control group. The percentage of CD3+CD8+ T-cell were increased significantly in 1000mg/kg of GASSW groups only in spleen as compared with control groups. The CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios were increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg of GASSW groups only in the blood as compared with control group. Goamshimshinhwan(GASSW) has immuno-stimulating effect on SD rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2005

To reduce effectively cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability by phosphate in mine tailing affected soil, fused and super phosphate (FSP), a main phosphate fertilizer in South Korea, was selected as phosphate source and then applied at the rates of 0, 78, 390, and 780 $P_2O_5kg\;ha^{-1}$. FSP did not decrease Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake, but increased significantly. The effect of Cd supplement and soil negativity increase through FSP application was not significant. Soil pH decreased markedly with increasing FSP application, which increased significantly soil Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake. As a result, phosphate fertilizer for reducing Cd phtyoavailability in heavy metals contaminated soil should be carefully selected as alkaline type.