• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2003

Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(BCL) has been used to relieve the cough and asthma, and remove the phlegm in traditional Oriental medicine. In recent years, it was studied for its antiinflammatory, antiallergenic, immune-modulating, and anticarcinogenic capabilities. This experiment was performed to evaluate the microarray profiles of CD genes in human mast cells before and after BCL treatment. The results are as follows: The expression of 51 of the genes studied was up-regulated in the Bel-treated group; they include the genes coding L apoferritin, beta-2-microglobulin, ferritin light polypeptide, CD63, monocyte chemotactic and activating fact, heme oxygenase 1, CD140a, integrin alpha M, colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, eukaryotic translation elongation factor, CD37, interleukin 18, NADH dehydrogenase 1 beta, CD48, 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, interleukin 4, ribosomal protein L5, GABA(A) receptor-associated protein, beta-tubulin, integrin beta 1, CD162, CD32, lymphotoxin beta, alpha-tublin, integrin alpha L, CD2, CD151, CD331, 90 kDa heat shock protein, CD59, CD3Z, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2, CD33, CD162R, cyclophilinA, CD84, interleukin 9 receptor, interleukin 11, CD117, CD39-Like 2, and so forth. The expression of 7 of the genes studied was down-regulated in the BCL-treated group; they include the genes coding con, CD238, SCF, CD160, CD231, CD24, and CD130. Consequently, the treatment of BCL on the human mast cells increased the expression of 51 genes and decreased the expression of 7 genes. These data would provide a fundamental basis to the traditional applications of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2005

Background: IL-18 was originally cloned as a IFN-${\gamma}$ inducing factor in primed T cells. In synergy with IL-12, IL-18 has been shown to induce strikingly high levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ production by T cells and to enhance Th1 development. Also this cytokine exerts induction of Th2 development through IL-4 induction. Methods: Resting $CD4^+$ T cells were sorted by negative selection and activated by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Ab. Expression of IL-12 binding sites, IL-18 binding sites, IL-18R ${\alpha}$, and GATA-3 mRNA were analysed by FACS and RT-PCR, respectively. Results: Resting $CD4^+$ T cells expressed IL-18R ${\alpha}$ chain but not IL-18 binding sites, suggesting a lack of IL-18R ${\beta}$ expression. IL-18R ${\alpha}$ was maintained on the Th1 and Th2 committed cells. IL-18 binding sites were induced on the Th1 but not Th2 cells. Exposure of these cells to IL-18 led to up-regulation of GATA-3 mRNA expression only in Th2 committed cells. To elucidate the relationship between IL-18R ${\alpha}$ expression and GATA-3 induction by IL-18, Th1 and Th2 committed cells were further cultured in medium with or without IL-12 for 2 days. IL-12 binding sites were maintained on the Th1 and Th2 cells regardless of IL-12 treatment, but IL-18R a expression was rapidly down-regulated on the IL12-untreated Th2 cells which did not induce GATA-3 mRNA expression followed by IL-18 stimulation. Conclusion: IL-12 supports expression of IL-18R ${\alpha}$ and GATA-3 mRNA expression was induced by IL-18 through IL-18R ${\alpha}$ without expression of IL-18 binding site in Th2 cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.474-483
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• 2004

To know the effects between Cd inhalation toxicity and extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, 4 rat groups were exposed to Cd aerosol in air using whole-body inhalation exposure for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, and 4 weeks. Cd concentration in air was 1.03㎎/㎥ and mass median diameter(MMD) was 1.69㎛. 3 different dose intraperitoneal injections of extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae to 3 inhalation exposure groups was done for 4 weeks and the results were as follows: The highest body weight gain for 4 weeks and food intake per day were from inhalation exposure group I and the highest lung and liver weight were also from inhalation exposure group I. The highest kidney weight was from inhalation exposure group III. The lowest Cd content in lung was 33.49㎍/g from inhalation exposure group I. The lowest Cd concentration in blood was 9.36㎍/㎗ from inhalation exposure control. Cd concentrations of 40.02㎍/g in liver and 69.18㎍/g in kidney were the lowest from inhalation exposure group I and III, respectively. The lowest Cd concentration in liver was 21.08㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III and The lowest Cd concentration in kidney was 15.78㎍/g from inhalation exposure group II. For weekly Cd concentration in urine, the value of the fourth week from inhalation exposure group III was the highest. For weekly Cd concentration in feces, the value of the first week from inhalation exposure group III was the highest. The highest metallothionein concentration in lung was 53.42 ㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III and the highest metallothionein concentration in liver was 188.18㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III. The highest metallothionein concentration in kidney was 143.92㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III. The highest Hct, Hb, and WBC values were from inhalation exposure group II and the highest RBC value was from inhalation exposure group III.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.491-498
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• 1995

Cyclodextrin의 고순도 분획, 정제를 위한 CD adsorbent의 제조에 척합한 matnx를 선별하기 위하여 capric acid를 ligand로 각종 이온교환수지를 비교 검토한 결과 DEAE Cellulose가 가장 적합함을 알았다. DEAE Cellulose와 capric acid간의 결합 안정성은 온도, ionic strength의 변화에 영향을 받았으며, ethanol 농도의 변화에는 안정하였다. CD adsorbent의 흡착량, 탈착량, 그리고 ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$- 및 ${\gamma}$-CD 의 용출양상을 규명하였다. 탄소쇄가 다른 각종 포화, 불포화 fatty acid를 ligand로 하여 specific adsorbent를 제조하였으며, ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$- 및 ${\gamma}$-CD의 회수율과 분리능을 비교 검토 하였다. 그 결과 steanc a acid는 ${\alpha}$-CD 그리고 linoleic acid는 ${\beta}$-CD에 대하여 높은 회수율과 선택성을 보였으며, 선택성은 fatty acid의 탄소쇄 길이와 이중결합 유무에 의하여 영향을 받았다. Stearic acid와 linoleic acid CD adsorbents를 이용하여 CD 혼합물로부터${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$- 및 ${\gamma}$-CD의 분획양상을 검토하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2000

$\beta-Cyclodextrin$ derivatives connected with diaza-18-crown-6 through flexible bridges (R) at the secondary face 1a-c (1a: R = $-(CH_2)4-;$ 1b: R = $-CH_2CH_2OCH_2CH2-;$ 1c: R = $-(CH_2)8-)$ have been prepared. The associa tion constants of 1 with (2-naphthoxy)alkylammonium ions (2a: alkyl = butyl; 2b: alkyl = octyl) were determined by induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectroscopy and it was found that the derivatization of $\beta-CD$ with the diazacrown resulted in enhanced binding with 2, compared to the native $\beta-CD.$ ICD Characteristics of the host-guest complexes indicate that a part of the alkylammonium moiety of 2 is protruded from the secondary side of the $\beta-CD$ cavity, and the guest molecules 2a and 2b move to the secondary and primary side, respectively, to make the binding of the ammonium group with the diaza-18-crown-6 moiety more feasible. The energy accompanied by the relocation of the guest molecules inside $\beta-CD$ moiety is compensated by the interaction energy between the ammonium ion and diazacrown ether.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2009

Microencapsulation of flavor was carried out by molecular inclusion process using $\beta$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}CD$). ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex was prepared at various flavor-to-${\beta}CD$ ratios (1:6-1:12) to determine the effect of ${\beta}CD$ concentration on the inclusion efficiency. Maximum total oil retention and minimal surface oil content were obtained at flavors to ${\beta}CD$ ratio of 1:10. The physical properties and controlled release pattern of flavors from ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex were measured and compared with spray-dried microcapsules prepared using carbohydrate wall system. ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex showed higher total oil retention and surface oil contents, smaller mean particle size, lower moisture uptake, and higher oxidation stability than spray-dried microcapsule. Oxidative stability of flavor was correlated with hygroscopicity of wall materials. The controlled release mechanism was highly affected by temperature and characteristics of wall materials.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2027-2030
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• 2016

Objective: To investigate the effect of peripheral blood CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell on postoperative immunotherapy in patients with renal carcinoma. Methods: 38 patients with renal cell carcinoma were recruited, and 20 patients from the operation group purely underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy, 18 patients from the combined group successively underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy and IFN-${\alpha}$ adjuvant immunotherapy. Additionally, 12 healthy subjects were recruited in the same period of time and regarded as the control group. Flow cytometry was used to detect CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content and the ratio of all parts in the pre-operative period, in the first post-operative week and in the third post-operative month, compare and analyze its variation trend. Results: The CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content of individual renal carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of the control group, also increases with the progression in the tumor stage (P<0.05). The post-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes of individual operation group and combined group patients showed different degrees of increment, but the increment of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the operation group (P<0.05). For the combined group patients with less pre-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes, their levels would increase after the immunotherapy, while the pre-operative patients with more CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocytes were the opposite situation. Conclusion: The detection of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocyte subset can reflect the anti-tumor immune status of renal cell carcinoma patient body. It can contribute to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and provide reference for the choice of renal carcinoma post-operative adjuvant immunotherapy.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2010

사람의지방줄기세포는지방조직내에존재하는 줄기세포로 얻기 쉽고, 골수줄기세포와 유사한 특징을 가지고 있다. 그러나 지방을 추출하는 과정, 공여자의 나이, 체질량, 추출 부위에 따라 세포의 특성이 달라지며, 이질적인 세포군을 얻게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 허벅지 지방에서 유래한 줄기세포 특성 분석 및 중배엽, 내배엽성 세포로의 분화능을 알아보았다. 허벅지 유래 줄기세포는 골수줄기세포와 유사한 섬유아세포와 유사한 모양을 보였으며, 체외에서 56.5번의 분열을 하였고, 약 $5{\times}10^{22}$개의 세포를 얻을 수 있었다. 이들은 SCF, Oct4, nanog, vimentin, CK18, FGF5, NCAM, Pax6, BMP4, HNF4a, nestin, GATA4, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR과 같은 유전자를 발현하였으며, Oct4, Thy-1, FSP, vWF, vimentin, desmin, CK18, CD54, CD4, CD106, CD31, a-SMA, HLA-ABC 등과 같은 단백질을 발현하였다. 또한 이들은 지방, 골, 연골 세포와 같은 중배엽성 세포로 분화하였고, 더욱이 인슐린 분비세포와 같은 내배엽성 세포로도 분화하였다. 결론적으로, 사람의 허벅지 유래 줄기세포는 골수 줄기세포와 유사하게 체외에서 증식이 가능하였으며, 유전자 및 단백질 발현 패턴을 가지고 있었으며, 다양한 세포로 분화 가능하였다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 허벅지 지방유래 줄기세포는 골수 줄기세포를 대체할 수 있는 세포치료제의 재료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

니켈의 소비량은 계속 중가 추세에 있으며, 이와 함께 2차전지, 페라이트 페촉매는 사용 후의 폐기물이 연속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이들 중 본 연구에서는 Ni-Cd 2차전지 폐기물을 이용하여 니켈 회수를 수행하였다 폐전지의 구성은 니켈이 24wt% 칠이 30wt%, 카드뮴이 18.5wt%, 그리고 산소와 절연물 등으로 이루어져 있었다. 금속 회수의 방법은 침출 후 용매 추출법을 적용하였다. 염산침출에서는 1N 이상의 농도에서 카드뮴이 100% 침출되었고, 니켈은 20,000ppm이상 침출되어 70%이상의 침출율을 보였다. 산침출에서 얻은 침출액은 30vol%의 MSP-8로서 카드뮴만 추출하고 니켈은 잔류액으로 분리할 수 있었다. 그리고 암모늄염에 의한 침출에서는 $NH_4NO_3$에 의한 침출 시 니켈과 카드뮴만을 선택적으로 침출하는데 우수하였다. 질산암모늄에 의해 얻은 침출액 중의 Ni LIX계 추출제를 이용하여 100% 회수할 수 있었고, 잔류액 중의 카드뮴은 D2EHPA로 75% 이상 회수할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.38.1-38.12
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• 2023

Background: Poor disease management and irregular vector control could predispose sheltered animals to disease such as feline Bartonella infection, a vector-borne zoonotic disease primarily caused by Bartonella henselae. Objectives: This study investigated the status of Bartonella infection in cats from eight (n = 8) shelters by molecular and serological approaches, profiling the CD4:CD8 ratio and the risk factors associated with Bartonella infection in shelter cats. Methods: Bartonella deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer gene, followed by DNA sequencing. Bartonella IgM and IgG antibody titre, CD4 and CD8 profiles were detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Results: B. henselae was detected through PCR and sequencing in 1.0% (1/101) oral swab and 2.0% (1/50) cat fleas, while another 3/50 cat fleas carried B. clarridgeiae. Only 18/101 cats were seronegative against B. henselae, whereas 30.7% (31/101) cats were positive for both IgM and IgG, 8% (18/101) cats had IgM, and 33.7% (34/101) cats had IgG antibody only. None of the eight shelters sampled had Bartonella antibody-free cats. Although abnormal CD4:CD8 ratio was observed in 48/83 seropositive cats, flea infestation was the only significant risk factor observed in this study. Conclusions: The present study provides the first comparison on the Bartonella spp. antigen, antibody status and CD4:CD8 ratio among shelter cats. The high B. henselae seropositivity among shelter cats presumably due to significant flea infestation triggers an alarm of whether the infection could go undetectable and its potential transmission to humans.