• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2003

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of the Puerarie Radix water extract (PRE) against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity and the mechanism underlying these protective effects in the rats. The pretreatment of PRE has shown to possess a significant protective effect by lowering the serum alanine and aspartate aminoteansferase (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This hepatoprotective action was confirmed by histological observation. In addition, the pretreatment of PRE prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase activity in the liver of CC1₄-injected rats. The PRE also displayed hydroxide radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 83.6 μg/ml), as assayed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. Moreover, the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) mRNA, as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was significantly decreased in the liver of PRE-pretreated rats when compared with that in the liver of control group. Based on these results, it was suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of the PRE may be related to antioxidant effects and regulation of CYP2E1 gene expression.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters In serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP (IU/I), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) in serum (i.e.,20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters Attained near normal values (I.e.,22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of $CCl_4$ treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Several parts of Lythrum salicaria were used for this study. Scavenging activities on radicals, inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and total phenol contents of extracts from root, flower, and aerial part were evaluated. Flower and root selected from in vitro assay were subjected to in vivo assay on $CCL_4$-induced liver injury rat model for two weeks. Carbon tetrachloride intoxication on rats produced large amounts of hepatic lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) compared with normal rats. Treatment with root extract of L. salicaria (LSR) showed effective inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation product. Administration with LSR extract significantly alleviated $CCL_4$-induced increase in GPT activity which were more effective than silymarin. The results of this study suggest that root and flower of L. salicaria have antioxidant and liver protecting activities, and root part is the most effective candidate to develop a new functional material.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.632-635
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• 2003

원자력 발전소에서 배출되고 있는 방사성 폐기물의 운반 및 처분과 관련하여 규제가 예상되는 대상 핵종을 선정하고, 특히 방사능 계측기로 직접 측정이 불가능한 드럼 내 방출핵종에${\alpha}{\cdot}{\beta}$ 대한 농도 예측과 검증방법에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 $\beta$방출 핵종이면서 반감기가 매우 긴 $^129I(t_{1/2}=1.57{\times}10^7)$의 정량을 위하여 모의 폐기물 중에 함유되어 있는 요오드의 분리 및 회수율을 측정하였다. 모의 폐기물중 가용성 및 난용성 시료의 전처리 방법으로 혼합산 분해법과 알칼리 용융방법을 각각 이용하였으며 두 방법에 대한 요오드의 회수율을 비교하였다. 요오드의 측정방법으로 이온 크로마토그라피를 이용하였으며 매질의 음이온성분에 의한 영향은 없었다. 두 방법의 전체 공정에서 혼합산분해에 의한 요오드의 회수율은 76.7 (RSD 1.7%)이고 알칼리용융에 의한 방법에서 모직물의 경우에는 74.3(RSD 2.2%)이고 Resin의 경우 56.5(5.6%)로 각각 나타났다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1987

알킬알코올의 OH 신축진동 영역에서의 적외선 스펙트라를 $CCl_4$용액내에서 농도를 변화시켜가면서 얻었다. OH신축진동 흡수띠는 수소결합의 형성으로 넓게 낮은 파수영역으로 이동된다. 이러한 띠들을 simplex법을 이용한 컴퓨터프로그램으로 분해하여 3개의 띠를 얻었으며, 각 띠들을 여러가지 형태로 수소결합을 하고 있는 OH기로 구분하였다. 또한 dimer혹은 trimer로 수소결합하고 있는 알코올구조들의 전자구조와 상호작용 에너지를 반경험적 분자궤도 함수법(CNDO/2, INDO)으로 계산하였다. 이들 계산결과는 분해된 적외선 스펙트라의 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 수소결합 형성에 대한 알킬기의 전자구조 효과는 부틸>프로필>에틸>메틸기의 순이었으나, 실험결과에서는 프로필>에틸>부틸>메틸기의 순으로 나타났다. 이것은 부탄올의 벌키성때문인 것으로 생각한다. 제외하고는 모두 증가하였다. 제올라이트에 있는 양이온을 떼어내는데 필요한 에너지는 $H^+\;>\;Li^+\;>\;Na^+$의 순이었으며, 이것은 제올라이트의 골격으로부터 양이온으로 이동되는 전하의 양과 관계가 있다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

피발산 비닐의 라디칼 텔로머화반응을 통하여 양 말단에 관능기를 포함한 폴리(피발산 비닐) 텔로머를 합성하였다. 합성된 텔로머의 수평균분자량 ($\bar{M}$n)은 GPC, $^1$H-NMR, 점도법 세가지로 각각 고찰하였고, 그 값은 2400~13000 g/mol 이었다. 또한, 텔로머의 분자량을 정밀제어하기 위하여 VPi에 대한 텔로겐($CCl_4$)의 연쇄이동상수값($C_s$)을 Mayo식 및 시뮬레이션에 의해 결정하였는데, $C_s$은 40, 50, 60 $^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1.15, 1.16, 1.18 이었다. 합성된 텔로머는 전환율 18~72%에서 $\bar{M}$n은 5100~5400 g/mol 사이의 값을 보였고, 이는 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2020

Paeonol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and gallic acid extracted from Moutan Cortex had been reported to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. This work aimed to illustrate the potential anti-oxidative mechanism of monomers in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells-induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and to evaluate whether the hepatoprotective effect of monomers was independence or synergy in mice stimulated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Monomers protected against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells in a dose-response manner by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species, increasing total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and activating the antioxidative pathway of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) signaling pathway. We found that the in vitro antioxidant capacities of paeonol and quercetin were better than those of β-sitosterol and gallic acid. Furthermore, paeonol apparently diminished the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, augmented the contents of glutathione and SOD, promoted the expressions of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 proteins in mice stimulated by CCl₄. In HepG2 cells, paeonol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and gallic acid play a defensive role against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress through activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, indicating that these monomers have anti-oxidative properties. Totally, paeonol and quercetin exerted anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects, which is independent rather than synergy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2007

This study was performed to establish the recovery effect of So Si Ho Tang on hepatic injury in dogs. Clinically healthy eight dogs (1-3 yrs old, 3-5 kg) were divided into control group (n=3) and experimental group (50 mg/kg, n=5). Hepatic injury was induced by administration of $CCl_4$ in all groups. Control group was received no treatment after hepatic injury and experimental group was orally administered with So Si Ho Tang at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The change of serum ALT and AST activities was examined before hepatic injury and on day 0, day 5 and day 12 after administration of So Si Ho Tang. Histopathologic examinations were performed on day 12. As a result, significant changes in serum ALT were found on day 5(p<0.05) and day 12(p<0.05), compared with those of control group, respectively. In addition, significant change in serum AST was found on day 1 (p<0.05) and day 5 (p<0.05), compared with those of control group, respectively. In histopathologic examination, mild hemorrhage and fatty degeneration and vacuolization were observed in experimental group in contrast to those of control group. Accordingly, it was suggested that administration of So Si Ho Tang was effective for hepatic injury induced by $CCl_4$ in dogs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1995

미이용자원의 효율적인 이용을 위해서 고등어 내장으로부터 항산화물질을 추출하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 본 실험을 행하였다. 내장으로 부터 총지질을 추출하여 다시 헥산 추출물, 사염화탄소-메탄올 추출물(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 9, v/v), 인지질, 포스파티딜콜린(PC), PC를 제외한 나머지 인지질획분(PCF)로 추출하여 $40^{\circ}C$ 항온기에서 10일간 산화억제실험을 하였다. 그 결과 헥산 추출물은 총지질이나 사염화탄소-메탄올 보다 산화억제 효과가 낮았고 사염화탄소-메탄올(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 9, v/v) 추출물은 극성이 높을수록 효과가 컸다. 극성지질인 인지질(PL)과 인지질을 구성하는 포스파티딜콜린(PC)과 그 나머지 획분(PCF=PC free PL)도 모두 현저한 산화억제 효과를 나타내었으며 그 중에서도 PC가 가장 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다. PC의 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위해 천연 및 합성산화제와의 효과를 비교한 결과 PC첨가군이 다른 항산화제 보다 2~3배 산화억제력이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 인지질의 항산화작용을 인정할 수 있으며 그 주체는 PC임을 알 수 있다. 수산폐기물로 부터 항산화물질의 이용이라는 대단히 긍정적인 결과와 함께 어유의 산화안정효과에 대단히 큰 영향을 미치리라고 예상된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2021

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls intestinal epithelial barrier permeability by regulating tight junctions (TJs) and epithelial cells damage. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and carbon monoxide (CO) protect the intestinal epithelial barrier function, but the molecular mechanism is not yet clarified. MAPK activation and barrier permeability were studied using monolayers of Caco-2 cells treated with tissue necrosis factor α (TNF-α) transfected with FUGW-HO-1 or pLKO.1-sh-HO-1 plasmid. Intestinal mucosal barrier permeability and MAPK activation were also investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration with CoPP (a HO-1 inducer), ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor), CO releasing molecule 2 (CORM-2), or inactived-CORM-2-treated wild-type mice and mice with HO-1 deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells. TNF-α increased epithelial TJ disruption and cleaved caspase-3 expression, induced ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation. In addition, HO-1 blocked TNF-α-induced increase in epithelial TJs disruption, cleaved caspase-3 expression, as well as ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation in an HO-1-dependent manner. CoPP and CORM-2 directly ameliorated intestinal mucosal injury, attenuated TJ disruption and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and inhibited epithelial ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation after chronic CCl4 injection. Conversely, ZnPP completely reversed these effects. Furthermore, mice with intestinal epithelial HO-1 deficient exhibited a robust increase in mucosal TJs disruption, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and MAPKs activation as compared to the control group mice. These data demonstrated that HO-1-dependent MAPK signaling inhibition preserves the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity by abrogating TJ dysregulation and epithelial cell damage. The differential targeting of gut HO-1-MAPK axis leads to improved intestinal disease therapy.