• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

한국원자력연구원 내 지하 처분 연구시설(KURT)에서 채취한 지하수에 존재하는 나노 콜로이드 입자의 크기 및 농도를 현상에서 조사하기 위해 이동식 레이저 유도 파열 검출 장치를 개발하였다. 제작한 장치는 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 레이저 유도 플라즈마가 발생한 위치를 2-차원 영상으로 기록함으로써 광학적으로 입자의 크기를 결정할 수 있다. 크기가 정확히 알려진 폴리스틸렌 표준 입자를 이용하여 입자 크기 측정용 검정 곡선 (calibration curve)을 구했고, 이를 이용하여 지하 처분 연구시설에서 채취한 지하수 내 콜로이드 입자의 크기를 측정하였다. 지하수 내 존재하는 콜로이드 입자의 평균 크기는 $108{\pm}26$ nm 임을 보였고, 농도는 50 ppb 이하인 것으로 추정하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

A marine alga, Spirulina maxima, was extracted under high pressure and low temperature conditions at 500 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 and 10 min. A high pressure of 500 MPa was applied to improve process yields because of low temperature extraction. This method resulted in highest higher extraction yield of 26.1% (w/w) in comparison to those results obtained from conventional extraction methods which produced a yield of 17.6% (w/w) from water. The extracts from this process also showed 19% of low cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblast cells in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the highest concentration. The crude extract significantly reduced the production of Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) from CCD-986sk cells and increased nitric oxide production by macrophages. These higher activities of enhancing skin immune functions were found to have high antioxidant extract properties, like a 98% increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extracts from the high pressure process showed a higher elution of active components than other processes and generated new compounds based on HPLC analysis. This clearly indicates that the extracts from high pressure and low temperature conditions have higher skin immune activation properties that have not been previously reported.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2016

Electrodialysis (ED) is known to be a useful membrane process for desalination, concentration, separation, and purification in many fields. In this process, it is desirable to work at high current density in order to achieve fast desalination with the lowest possible effective membrane area. In practice, however, operating currents are restricted by the occurrence of concentration polarization phenomena. Many studies showed the occurrence of a limiting current density (LCD). The limiting current density in the electrodialysis process is an important parameter which determines the electrical resistance and the current utilization. Therefore, its reliable determination is required for designing an efficient electrodialysis plant. The purpose of this study is the development of a predictive model of the limiting current density in an electrodialysis process using response surface methodology (RSM). A two-factor central composite design (CCD) of RSM was used to analyze the effect of operation conditions (the initial salt concentration (C) and the linear flow velocity of solution to be treated (u)) on the limiting current density and to establish a regression model. All experiments were carried out on synthetic brackish water solutions using a laboratory scale electrodialysis cell. The limiting current density for each experiment was determined using the Cowan-Brown method. A suitable regression model for predicting LCD within the ranges of variables used was developed based on experimental results. The proposed mathematical quadratic model was simple. Its quality was evaluated by regression analysis and by the Analysis Of Variance, popularly known as the ANOVA.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.568-576
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• 1999

Using a laser sheet beam projector combined with a CCD-Camera, an efficient technique to recognize complex surface of curvature and lane has been demonstrated for the purpose of mobile robot navigation. In general, obstacles of indoor environments in the field of SLIT-RAY plane are captured as segments of an elliptical arc and a line in the camera image. The robot has been capable of moving along around the obstacle in front of it, by recognizing the original shape of each segment with the differential coefficient by means of least squares method. In this technique, the imaged pixels of each segment, particularly elliptical arc, have been converted into a corresponding circular arc in the real-world coordinates so as to make more feasible the image processing for the position and radius measurement than conventional way based on direct elliptical are analyses. Advantages over direct elliptical cases include 1) higher measurement accuracy and shorter processing time because the circular arc process can reduce the shape-specifying parameters, 2) no complicated factor such as the tilt of elliptical arc axis in the image plane, which produces the capability to find column position and radiua regardless of the camera location . These are essentially required for a mobile robot application. This technique yields an accuracy less than 2cm for a 28.5cm radius column located in the range of 70-250cm distance from the robot. The accuracy obtained in this study is sufficient enough to navigate a cleaning robot which operates in indoor environments.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 단일 카메라를 이용하여 차량의 위치를 검출하고 연속적인 프레임에서의 차량의 움직임을 추적하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 차량의 특징을 검출하기 위해 Haar-like 에지 검출기를 사용하고, 카메라의 캘리브레이션 정보를 이용하여 차량의 위치를 추정한다. 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 k 개의 연속적인 프레임에서의 누적된 차량 정보를 추출한다. 최종 검출된 차량을 템플릿으로 지정하고 SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features) 알고리즘을 통해 연속적으로 입력되는 프레임에서 동일한 차량을 추출한다. 이를 통해 동일 차량으로 추출된 차량 정보를 새로운 템플릿으로 업데이트 한다. 비교 검출을 위한 수행 시간을 줄이기 위해 이전 프레임에서 검출된 차량의 범위를 확장한 영역만을 관심 영역으로 지정한다. 이 과정은 공통된 대응점을 찾지 못할 때까지 검출과 추적 과정을 반복하여 진행한다. 실 도로 상에서 얻어진 영상에 대해 적용함으로써 제안된 알고리즘의 효율성을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.480-485
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develop food for the elderly, which is easier to chew and swallow, using gelification. Various foods for the elderly with chewing and swallowing difficulties were used for sensory assessment. The sensory panel consisted of 10 dieticians (10 women) working in nursing care facilities. The sensory optimal composite recipes were determined by the central composite design (CCD). The optimum formulation of hot pepper paste stir fried pork calculated by the numerical and graphical method was 1.48 g of sugar and 18.97 g of hot pepper paste. The optimum formulation of seasoned spinach was 8.0 g of sesame oil and 5.41 g of soy sauce. Moisture content, hardness, and adhesiveness of hot pepper paste stir fried pork was 76.49%, 2.50, and -1.20, respectively. Moisture content, hardness, and adhesiveness of seasoned spinach was 83.48%, 2.27, and -1.17, respectively. This study provides the basic materials for the development of easily chewable and swallowable foods for the elderly, which can reduce the risk of food going down the wrong pipe, and the preference can be improved by eating solid food instead of porridge or liquid food. The development of food for the elderly, which takes the difficulties in chewing and swallowing among the elderly into consideration and reflects their preference and has sufficient amount of nutrients, is important to enable the elderly to enjoy their meals and it is one of the biggest challenges in Korea, as Korean society is aging rapidly.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2010

차량 운전자 지원을 위한 연구에서 도로상에 위치한 교통 표지판은 운전자에게 아주 중요한 정보임에 틀림없다. 따라서 주행중인 차량에서 획득한 영상으로부터 실시간으로 교통 표지판을 검출하여 운전자에게 그 정보를 제공한다면 안전운전에 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 하지만 주행중인 차량으로부터 획득한 영상에는 차량과 노면의 진동에 의해 획득된 영상에 흐림 현상이 발생하고 또한 노이즈들이 포함되어 있어 정확한 표지판 검출이 어려운 문제점이 있다. 게다가 영상획득을 위한 촬영 각도나 날씨 등에 의해 교통 표지판의 고유한 색상과 모양이 서로 다르게 표현되는 문제점이 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 도로 환경과 같은 다양한 조도 변화가 포함된 교통 표지판 영상들로부터 고유색상 정보를 분석하고 HSI 고유칼라 모델을 생성하고 이를 이용하여 교통 표지판의 후보 영역을 검출한다. 그리고 모양정보 분석을 위해 교통 표지판의 고유한 형태학적 정보를 표현할 수 있는 불변 모멘트 특징정보를 추출하여 SVM을 통해 최종 교통 표지판 영역을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 도로에서 획득한 영상에서 실험한 결과, 교통 표지판 검출율은 91%, 그리고 프레임당 처리 시간은 0.38초이며, 제안한 방법은 실시간 지능형 교통 안내 시스템에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

이번 연구의 목적은 세계적으로 널리 이용되고 있고, 액화 효율이 높은 Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (APCI)사(社)의 C3MR(Propane Pre-cooled & Mixed Refrigerants) 천연가스 액화공정에 사용되는 혼합냉매의 최적 조성을 통계학적 기법으로 결정하는 것이다. 공정모사는 상업 공정 모사기를 이용했으며 혼합냉매는 methane ($C_1$), ethane ($C_2$), propane ($C_3$)과 nitrogen ($N_2$)로 선택하였다. 그리고 혼합물 설계(mixture design, MD)와 중심합성계획법(central composite design, CCD)을 이용하여 전체 공정의 에너지 소비가 최소가 되게 하는 최적의 혼합냉매 조성을 결정하였다. 연구결과 기존 설계 대비 최대 11.28%의 에너지 소비 절감을 확인하였다. 또한 주 극저온 열교환기(main cryogenic heat exchanger, MCHE)의 온도 프로파일을 통해 열적 효율성도 함께 비교하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.710-716
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• 2006

Micro-PIV system with a high speed CCD camera is used to measure the flow field near the advancing meniscus of a water slug in microchannels. Image shifting technique combined with meniscus detecting technique is proposed to measure the relative velocity of the liquid near the meniscus in a moving reference frame. The proposed method is applied to an advancing front of a slug in microchannels with rectangular cross section. In the case of hydrophilic channel, strong flow from the center to the side wall along the meniscus occurs, while in the case of the hydrophobic channel, the fluid flows in the opposite direction. Further, the velocity near the side wall is higher than the center region velocity, exhibiting the characteristics of a strong shear-driven flow. This phenomenon is explained to be due to the existence of small gaps between the slug and the channel wall at each capillary corner so that the gas flows through the gaps inducing high shear on the slug surface. Simulation of the shape of a static droplet inside a cubic cell obtained by using the Surface Evolver program is supportive of the existence of the gap at the rectangular capillary corners. The flow fields in the circular capillary, in which no such gap exists, are also measured. The results show that a similar flow pattern to that of the hydrophilic rectangular capillary (i.e., center-to-wall flow) is always exhibited regardless of the wettability of the channel wall, which is also indicative of the validity of the above-mentioned assertion.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.381-384
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• 2002

Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimize for the production of Ganoderma lucidum in batch fermentations using the whey (40,000 mg latose/L) as substrate. This study was performed according to the central composite design (CCD) with respect to pH and temperature, where the designed intervals were 3.3$22.9^{\circ}C$$37.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. A second-order factorial design of the experiments was used to build empirical models providing a quantitative interpretation of the relationships between the two variables. The optimum conditions to maximize the production of G. lucidum were pH 4.2 and $28.3^{\circ}C$. At optimum conditions, the mycelial dry weight (MDW) and residual soluble COD (SCOD) were simultaneously used to evaluate the biokinetic coefficients assocoated with substrate inhibition model by nonlinear least squares method with 95% confidence interval. The. maximum microbial growth rates (${\mu}m$), half saturation coefficient ($K_s$), and the inhibition substrate concentration ($K_{is}$) were determined to be 0.095 l/hr, 128,000 mg SCOD/L and 49,000 mg SCOD/L, respectively. And the microbial yield coefficient (Y), biomass decay rate coefficient ($K_d$), and the maintenance energy coefficient ($m_s$) were determined to be 0.37 mg MDW/mg SCOD, 0.001 1/hr, and 0.0015 1/hr, respectively.