• Title/Summary/Keyword: CCA Test

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A Comparison of Chromium and Copper-Containing Waterborne Wood Preservatives for Fixing and Leaching Characteristics (크롬-구리 화합물계(化合物系) 목재방부제(木材防腐劑)의 정착(定着) 및 용탈특성(溶脫特性) 비교(比較))

  • Ra, Jong-Bum;Kim, Gyu-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.66-72
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    • 1995
  • The rate of fixation of the components were evaluated in CCA-Type B and CCFZ-treated radiata pine sapwood by quantitative analysis of solution expressed from the treated wood. The leaching characteristics of radiata pine blocks treated with CCA-Type B and CCFZ were also evaluated by the AWPA standard leaching test. Both fixation and leaching charactersistics of CCA-Type B were compared with CCA-Type C treated wood samples. The rate of CCA-Type B fixation was a little faster than that of CCFZ. However, significant amounts of arsenic was unfixed in the CCA-Type B treated samples and consequently leached. These significant quantities of arsenic liberated from the CCA-Type B treated wood during service may pose some environmental concerns. Arsenic was no longer detectable from CCA-Type C treated samples when fixation was complete, even though the fixation of CCA-Type C was slower in some degree than CCA-Type B. In summary, it could be said that CCFZ was much safer preservative than CCA-Type B by the criterion based on the relative hazard assessed by absolute amount of unfixed element present in the treated wood. Also the decision that CCA preservative has to move from Type B to Type C should be made sooner or later for continuous use of CCA preservative in the future.

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Study on the Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and The Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveforms in Ischemic Stroke Patients (뇌경색 환자의 경동맥 내막 두께와 사속도맥파 검사의 관련성 연구)

  • Kang, Kyung Hwa;Kim, Kyoung Min
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.160-167
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of Intima-Media Thickness of common carotid artery(CCA-IMT) and The Second Derivative of Photoplethysmogram Waveforms(SDPTG). 38 subjects with acute ischemic stroke were recruited from the patients admitted to Dong-Eui Medical Center from the June 2013 to January 2014. We assessed 38 patient's SDPTG data and CCA-IMT data by B Mode ultrasonography. then 38 subjects were divided into two groups by the CCA-IMT difference; CCA-IMT 〈 0.8 mm group(n=11), CCA-IMT $$\geq_-$$ 0.8 mm group(n=27). We analyzed their characteristics, risk factor, blood test result, life style by CCA-IMT difference. As a result, Age, Hypertension were significantly higher in the CCA-IMT $$\geq_-$$ 0.8 mm group then in the CCA-IMT < 0.8 mm group. Regular exercise were significantly higher in the CCA-IMT < 0.8 mm group then in the CCA-IMT $$\geq_-$$ 0.8 mm group. The result of Multiple regression analysis on the factors affecting the CCA-IMT was hypertension, total cholesterol, age. and The result of Pearson's Correlation analysis on CCA-IMT and SDPTG is that e/a ratio, SDPTG AI were respectively and significantly correlated with CCA-IMT. According to the analysis, the Relationship between CCA-IMT and SDPTG in Ischemic Stroke Patients were founded. We suggest that further investigation with larger and better controlled trials of the Relationship between CCA-IMT and SDPTG could contribute to better understand the effects of risk factors on atherosclerosis.

Study on the Contrast Media Volume according to Scan Time during Brain Angiography Examination (Brain Angiography 검사 시 Scan Time에 따른 Contrast Media Volume에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Ju Ryeon;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in image quality before and after reducing the amount of contrast medium in cerebral hemorrhagic patients who periodically follow up CT, and after reducing the amount of contrast medium, the image before and after reduction was examined, and the image quality was assessed by setting ROI at each vessel location using MMWP program. First Rt. CCA, Lt.CCA. Rt.MCA, Lt.MCA and Basilar Artery each got an ROI. Second, the mean and standard deviation values for the ROI were obtained. Third, SNR and CNR were obtained through the average and standard deviation values obtained. T-test statistics show that the SNR and CNR values obtained show that the result values for SNR are Rt.CCA 0.765, Ltd.CCA 0.871, Rt.MCA 0.343 LT.MCA 0.235, Basilar alternative 0.916, result value for CNR Rt.CCA 0.088, Ltd.CCA 0.069, Rt.MCA 0.818, Let's...MCA 0.579 and Basilar Artery 0.878. The results obtained through the obtained SNR and CNR values showed no difference in the quality of the images before and after reducing contrast medium. Therefore, we hope that this study will be an indicator that reduces the burden on contrast agents on patients who do CT examinations periodically.

Spatial Distribution of the Population at Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma in Chum Phaung District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province of Thailand

  • Kaewpitoon, Soraya J;Rujirakul, Ratana;Loyd, Ryan A;Matrakool, Likit;Sangkudloa, Amnat;Kaewthani, Sarochinee;Khemplila, Kritsakorn;Eaksanti, Thawatchai;Phatisena, Tanida;Kujapun, Jirawoot;Norkaew, Jun;Joosiri, Apinya;Kaewpitoon, Natthawut
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.719-722
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    • 2016
  • Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious health problem in Thailand, particularly in northeastern and northern regions, but epidemiological studies are scarce and the spatial distribution of CCA remains to be determined. A database for the population at risk is required for monitoring, surveillance and organization of home health care. This study aim was to geo-visually display the distribution of CCA in northeast Thailand, using a geographic information system and Google Earth. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 9 sub-districts and 133 villages in Chum Phuang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province during June and October 2015. Data on demography, and the population at risk for CCA were combined with the points of villages, sub-district boundaries, district boundaries, and points of hospitals in districts, then fed into a geographical information system. After the conversion, all of the data were imported into Google Earth for geo-visualization. Results: A total of 11,960 from 83,096 population were included in this study. Females and male were 52.5%, and 47.8%, the age group 41-50 years old 33.3%. Individual risk for CCA was identifed and classified by using the Korat CCA verbal screening test as low (92.8%), followed by high risk (6.74%), and no (0.49%), respectively. Gender ($X^2$-test=1143.63, p-value= 0.001), age group ($X^2$-test==211.36, p-value=0.0001), and sub-district ($X^2$-test=1471.858, p-value=0.0001) were significantly associated with CCA risk. Spatial distribution of the population at risk for CCA in Chum Phuang district was viewed with Google Earth. Geo-visual display followed Layer 1: District, Layer 2: Sub-district, Layer 3: Number of low risk in village, Layer 4: Number of high risk in village, and Layer 5: Hospital in Chum Phuang District and their related catchment areas. Conclusions: We present the first risk geo-visual display of CCA in this rural community, which is important for spatial targeting of control efforts. Risk appears to be strongly associated with gender, age group, and sub-district. Therefor, spatial distribution is suitable for the use in the further monitoring, surveillance, and home health care for CCA.

Surveillance of Populations at Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma Development in Rural Communities of Thailand Using the Korat-CCA Verbal Screening Test

  • Kaewpitoon, Soraya J;Rujirakul, Ratana;Loyd, Ryan A;Panpimanmas, Sukij;Matrakool, Likit;Tongtawee, Taweesak;Kompor, Porntip;Norkaew, Jun;Chavengkun, Wasugree;Wakkhuwattapong, Parichart;Kujapun, Jirawoot;Ponphimai, Sukanya;Phatisena, Tanida;Eaksunti, Thawatchai;Polsripradist, Poowadol;Joosiri, Apinya;Sukkasam, Inchat;Padchasuwan, Natnapa;Kaewpitoon, Natthawut
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.2205-2209
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    • 2016
  • Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern region. Active surveillance in rural communities with an appropriat low-cost screening tool is required to facilitate early detection. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the population at risk of CCA in Bua Yai district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Northeastern Thailand using the Korat-CCA verbal screening test (KCVST) during June to October 2015. Reliability of KCVST demonstrated a Cronbach alpha coefficient=0.75 Stepwise-multiple regression showed that alcohol consumption was important for CCA screened, followed by agriculture and pesticide use, under-cooked cyprinoid fish consumption, praziquantel use, naïve northeastern people, opisthorchiasis, family relatives with CCA, and cholangitis or cholecystitis or gallstones, respectively. Population at risk for CCA was classified to low risk (63.4%), moderate risk (33.7%), and high risk (1.32%) for CCA. When CCA was screened using ultrasonography, 4 of 32 high risk participants had an abnormal biliary tract with dilated bile ducts. This study indicates that KCVST is a potential useful too which decrease the cost of large scale CCA screening.

New Multi-Stage Blind Clustering Equalizers for QAM Demodulation (QAM 복조용 새로운 다단계 자력복구 군집형 채널등화기)

  • Hwang, Yu-Mo;Lee, Jung-Hyeon;Song, Jin-Ho
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 2000
  • We propose two new types multi-stage blind clustering equalizers for QAM demoulation, which are called a complex classification algorithm(CCA) and a radial basis function algorithm(RBFA). The CCA uses a clustering technique based on the joint gaussian probability function and computes separately the real part and imaginary part for simple implementation as well as less computation. In order to improve the performance of CCA, the Dual-Mode CCA(DMCCA) incorporates the CCA tap-updating mode with the decision-directed(DD) mode. The RBFA reduces the number of cluster centers through three steps using the classification technique of RBF and then updates the equalizer taps for QAM demodulation. Test results on 16-QAM confirm that the proposed algorithms perform better the conventional multi-state equalizers in the senses of SER and MSE under multi-path fading channel.

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Transcriptional Profiles of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Identify Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma and Predict Outcome

  • Subimerb, Chutima;Wongkham, Chaisiri;Khuntikeo, Narong;Leelayuwat, Chanvit;McGrath, Michael S.;Wongkham, Sopit
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.10
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    • pp.4217-4224
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    • 2014
  • Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a slow growing but highly metastatic tumor, is highly prevalent in Northeast Thailand. Specific tests that predict prognosis of CCA remain elusive. The present study was designed to investigate whether peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) transcriptional profiles might be of use as a prognostic test in CCA patients. Gene expression profiles of PBLs from 9 CCA and 8 healthy subjects were conducted using the Affymetrix HG_U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip. We indentified informative PBLs gene expression profiles that could reliably distinguish CCA patients from healthy subjects. Of these CCA specific genes, 117 genes were up regulated and 60 were down regulated. The molecular and cellular functions predicted for these CCA specific genes according to the Gene Ontology database indicated differential PBL expression of host immune response and tumor progression genes (EREG, TGF ${\beta}1$, CXCL2, CXCL3, IL-8, and VEGFA). The expression levels of 9 differentially expressed genes were verified in 36 CCA vs 20 healthy subjects. A set of three tumor invasion related genes (PLAU, CTSL and SERPINB2) computed as "prognostic index" was found to be an independent and statistically significant predictor for CCA patient survival. The present study shows that CCA PBLs may serve as disease predictive clinically accessible surrogates for indentifying expressed genes reflective of CCA disease severity.

Correlation Analysis on Semiconductor Process Variables Using CCA(Canonical Correlation Analysis) : Focusing on the Relationship between the Voltage Variables and Fail Bit Counts through the Wafer Process (CCA를 통한 반도체 공정 변인들의 상관성 분석 : 웨이퍼검사공정의 전압과 불량결점수와의 관계를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Seung Min;Baek, Jun-Geol
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.579-587
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    • 2015
  • Semiconductor manufacturing industry is a high density integration industry because it generates a vest number of data that takes about 300~400 processes that is supervised by numerous production parameters. It is asked of engineers to understand the correlation between different stages of the manufacturing process which is crucial in reducing production costs. With complex manufacturing processes, and defect processing time being the main cause. In the past, it was possible to grasp the corelation among manufacturing process stages through the engineer's domain knowledge. However, It is impossible to understand the corelation among manufacturing processes nowadays due to high density integration in current semiconductor manufacturing. in this paper we propose a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) using both wafer test voltage variables and fail bit counts variables. using the method we suggested, we can increase the semiconductor yield which is the result of the package test.

Design for improving the impact resistance of a vehicle equipped with the circuit card assembly (비행체 탑재 회로카드 조립체의 내충격 향상을 위한 설계)

  • Lee, Chang-Min;Kang, Dong-Suk;Shin, Young-Hoon;Lee, Ki-Sun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2014.10a
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 2014
  • Rocket, held using the CCA for the mission, a plurality of recording devices, and navigation equipment. In case of a projectile which is entered the water after fired into the air, after performing stages and fairing separated in flight to enter the underwater. It is caused by the explosion of gunpowder mainly, vibration phenomenon of a large transition is induced structurally very, also on entering the water, have a significant shock structurally separated. If shock is transmitted directly to the CCA through the body, it can be caused malfunction of payloads, resulting in failure of the mission of the projectile. In order to ensure the stability against shock, in this paper, Calculating a target resonacne frequency of the CCA, and verified through modal test and analysis. Maximum acceleration position of CCA is checked by SRS analysis. In addition, effectiveness of shock isolation system through shock analysis.

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