• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2010

Background: The object of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Korean versions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) and Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire for patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD). Methods: For the 127 COPD patients, we obtained the Korean versions of the 3 questionnaires being tested: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), CAT, and Dyspnea-12 with spirometric measurements. To assess the validity of CAT and Dyspnea-12, their correlation with SGRQ was evaluated. To assess the reliability of CAT and Dyspnea-12, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patient participants was $68.6{\pm}7.5$ years; 97.6% were male. The SGRQ score was correlated with the scores of the Korean version of CAT (r=0.71, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.73, p<0.0001). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CAT and Dyspnea-12 were 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion: The Korean versions of CAT and Dyspnea-12 were shown to be valid and reliable for the Korean COPD patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.26-41
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• 2016

Catchment Hydrologic Cycle Assess Tool (CAT) is a model for hydrologic cycle assessment based on physical parameters. In this study, CAT was applied for short-term runoff simulation and connected with model-independent parameter estimation (PEST) for auto-calibrating parameters. The model performance was compared with HEC-HMS, which is widely used for short-term runoff simulation. The study area is the Pangyo Watershed ($22.9km^2$), which includes the Unjung-Cheon and Geumto-Cheon tributaries of the Tan-Cheon stream. Simulation periods were selected from six rainfall events of a two-year period (2006-2007). For the runoff simulation, CAT was applied using three types of infiltration methods (excess rainfall, Green and Ampt and Horton). Sensitivity analysis was carried out to select the parameters and then CAT was optimized using PEST. The model performance of HEC-HMS and CAT-PEST for the rainfall events were within an acceptable limit with Nash Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSE) of 0.63-0.91 and 0.42-0.93, respectively. The simulation results of HEC-HMS have high accuracy in the case of rainfall events that have a sensitive relationship between initial soil moisture conditions and runoff characteristics. The results of CAT-PEST indicated the possibility of reflecting a real runoff system using various physical parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.290-290
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• 2011

수문모형은 여러 가지 기준에 따라 분류될 수 있으며 공간적 분포에 따라 집중형 모형과 분포형 모형으로 나뉜다. 한국건설기술연구원에서 개발한 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Analysis Tool) 모형은 수문학적으로 균일하게 판단되는 범위를 소유역으로 분할하여 토지이용, 하도특성에 따라 집중형인 링크-노드 구성을 통해 침투, 증발, 지하수 흐름 등의 모의가 가능하며, 개발전후의 유출특성을 평가할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. CAT은 다양한 물순환 개선 시설을 평가하고 사용자 편의 시스템을 제공하고 있으며 입력자료가 적고 지표수와 지하수의 상호작용 해석이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 CAT은 개발 초기 단계로서 현재도 모형의 보정이 이루어지고 있기 때문에 다양한 검증이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 소유역에서의 강우-유출 특성을 평가하기 위하여, 대상유역을 선정하여 유역수문특성을 조사 분석하고, CAT 모형을 적용하여 장기 유출량을 추정하여, 그 적용성을 평가하는 데 있다. 대상지구는 경기도에 위치한 CAT 모형을 이용하여 소유역의 장기 유출을 모의하여 실측자료와 비교함으로서 모형의 적용성을 평가하는 데 있다. 대상지구는 경기도에 위치하고 있는 발안저수지 유역의 HP#6 ($3.84km^2$) 소유역을 선정하였다. 발안 저수지 유역은 경기도 화성시에 위치하고 있으며, 1996년부터 서울대학교 지역시스템공학과에서 수문/수질 모니터링을 실시해오고 있다. 대상유역의 기상자료 및 유역 특성자료를 바탕으로 모형의 입력자료를 구축하였고, 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 1997년과 1999년의 일 유출량 실측 자료와 CAT을 통해 모의된 값을 비교하여 보정하였고, 2000년 자료를 이용하여 검정을 수행하였다. 모형의 적용성은 모형의 보정과 검정에 대한 결과에 대한 통계적 변량을 이용하여 평가하였다.

• Annals of dermatology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.662-667
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• 2018

Background: Recently, the number of domestic pets has increased. As a consequence, sensitization to animal allergens, such as cat or dog allergens, has become a problem. Objective: We studied the annual trends of sensitization to cats or dogs, and the characteristics of the patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 7,469 patients who visited a dermatology clinic and underwent an allergic profile test, from January 2011 to December 2015. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to cat or dog antibody greater than 3.50 IU/ml were regarded as positive results. Results: In all, 274 patients showed significant increase in levels of specific IgE antibody to dog, and 307 revealed increase in levels of of specific IgE antibody to cat. The prevalence of these specific IgEs increased from 2011 to 2015. Independent risks for sensitization to cat allergens were sensitization to dog, but not to house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and D. farinae. Independent risks for sensitization to dog allergens were sensitization to cat, but not to house dust, D. pteronyssinus, and D. farinae. Total IgE level was not related to specific IgE level against either cats or dogs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of sensitization to cat or dog has increased. Sensitization to cat or dog is related to each other, but is irrelevant to the total IgE level.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Three catalase cDNA clones were isolated from the small radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed the greatest homology to those of Arabidopsis. Genomic Southern blot analysis, using RsCat1 cDNA as a probe, showed that catalases are encoded by small multigene family in the small radish. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of several catalase isozymes, the levels of which varied among the organs examined. The isozyme activities were assigned the individual catalase genes by Northern analysis using total RNA from different organs. The three catalase genes were differentially expressed in response to treatments such as white light, xenobiotics, osmoticum, and UV. Their expression in seedlings was controlled by the circadian clock under a light/dark cycle and/or in constant light. Interestingly, RsCat1 transcripts peaked in the morning, while those of RsCat2 and RsCat3 peaked in the early evening. Our results suggest that the RsCat enzymes are involved in defense against the oxidative stress induced by environmental changes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2011

Modem people have begun to have the nationwide interest in the rice wine called Makgeolri which is one of the traditional Korean alcoholic liquors. This study was performed to investigate the effects of San sung Makgeolri extract (SM) on antioxidation together with the determination of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the progress of fermentation in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated rats. We examined the levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver homogenates and the histopathological observations in liver tissue. LPS-treated group markedly decreased the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx. But SM + LPS-treated group significantly increased the levels of them. Furthermore, the antioxidative effects of SM were supported by the histopathological observations in liver tissue which showed severe inflammation and necrosis in LPS-treated group, compared to the attenuated inflammation and necrosis in SM + LPS-treated group. This results suggested that SM could be a candidate of antioxidative material in spite of alcoholic liquors.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 2019

Cathepsin D (CatD, EC 3.4.23.5) is a member belonging to the subfamily of aspartic endopeptidases, which are classified into the MEROPS clan AA, family A1. Helminth parasites express a large set of different peptidases that play pivotal roles in parasite biology and pathophysiology. However, CatD is less well known than the other classes of peptidases in terms of biochemical properties and biological functions. In this study, we identified 2 novel CatDs (CsCatD1 and CsCatD2) of Clonorchis sinensis and partially characterized their properties. Both CsCatDs represent typical enzymes sharing amino acid residues and motifs that are tightly conserved in the CatD superfamily of proteins. Both CsCatDs showed similar patterns of expression in different developmental stages of C. sinensis, but CsCatD2 was also expressed in metacercariae. CsCatD2 was mainly expressed in the intestines and eggs of C. sinensis. Sera obtained from rats experimentally infected with C. sinensis reacted with recombinant CsCatD2 beginning 2 weeks after infection and the antibody titers were gradually increased by maturation of the parasite. Structural analysis of CsCatD2 revealed a bilobed enzyme structure consisting of 2 antiparallel β-sheet domains packed against each other forming a homodimeric structure. These results suggested a plausible biological role of CsCatD2 in the nutrition and reproduction of parasite and its potential utility as a serodiagnostic antigen in clonorchiasis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.417-422
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• 1993

In order to minimize turnaround of machining in FMS lines, CAD/CAM/CAT integrated system called MascCAM was developed. Developing enhanced CAM and inspection modules in the MascCAM environment, 2D came, 2 $^{1}$2/ D prismatic parts and 3D free-formed surfaces were able to be automatically designed, manufactured and inspected on the machine tools by using AutoCAM and Z-map. Introducing Z-map technique, the MascCAM was able to be interfaceed with and CAD system. Developed QPPGT module generates a quick and fool-proof inspection work to users. A vertical and a horizontal machining center equipped with FANUC OMC were used for experiments. Performance of the system was confirmed by a large amount of experiments.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.444-448
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• 2007

An intact female, 2 month old, domestic short hair cat, weighing 0.82kg with a history of respiratory distress, anorexia, and depression for 3 days was referred. In laboratory examination, there were no remarkable abnormalities. Radiographic findings mainly included pleural effusion, dilation of pulmonary vessels, pulmonary edema, and ascites. Echocardiography showed dilation of four cardiac chambers, malformation of the tricuspid and mitral valve, and atrioventricular valve regurgitant jet flow. The cat was euthanized by client's request and confirmed to the tricuspid and mitral valve dysplasia by necropsy and histopathologic examination.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2018

Background: Chronic bronchitis (CB) is an important phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate different pattern of COPD assessment test (CAT) score between CB and non-CB patients. Methods: Patients were recruited from 45 centers in Korea, as part of the Korean COPD Subgroup Study cohort. CB was defined when sputum continued for at least 3 months. Results: Total 958 patients with COPD were eligible for analysis. Among enrolled patients, 328 (34.2%) were compatible with CB. The CAT score was significantly higher in patients with CB than non-CB, and each component of CAT score showed a similar result. CB was significantly associated with CAT score when adjusted with age, sex, modified Medical Research Council, and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Each component of CAT score between patients with CB and non-CB showed different pattern according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade. Conclusion: CAT score is significantly higher in patients with CB than non-CB. Each component of CAT score was significantly different between two groups.