• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1997

Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) protein and mRNA levels in E. coli were determined following induction of a tac::cat construct by isopropyl-${\beta}$-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). High cat mRNA levels did not directly reflect CAT protein levels, in either shakeflask experiments or fermentations. Furthermore, concentrations of IPTG resulting in the highest levels of expression of cat mRNA, were different to those resulting in highest levels of CAT protein. The data suggest that high transcriptional activities lead to limitations at the translational level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.463-464
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• 2009

기존 필드버스의 낮은 트래픽 전송률로 인하여 IEEE 802.3 이더넷이 필드버스의 대안으로 제시되었다. 하지만, 이더넷은 CSMA/CD 메카니즘을 사용하기 때문에 실시간 성이 떨어진다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 개선하기 위하여 EtherCAT이 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 EtherCAT의 Cycle Time 성능을 분석하고 개선하기 위하여 M-EtherCAT을 제안한다. M-EtherCAT은 EtherCAT과 달리 각 Telegram이 Slave를 거치지 않기 때문에 EtherCAT 보다 Cycle Time의 최소 주기를 더 줄일 수 있다.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2023

EtherCAT is an Ethernet-based fieldbus system standardized in IEC 61158 and SEMI, and widely used in the fields of factory automation, semiconductor equipment and robotics. In this paper, without operating system, we have implemented an EtherCAT master with an open source EtherCAT master stack SOEM on STM32 Nucleo-144 board with an STM32F767 microcontroller. And its jitter performance has been evaluated at the output of the network port to include all the effects of the entire system in the results. The results show that the implemented EtherCAT master has precise control performance for control frequencies from 1KHz to 8KHz and relatively superior jitter performance compared to the EtherCAT masters with real-time patched Linux operating system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1989

The effect of SV40 and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) enhancers on the general and tissue-specific gene expression was investigated. Recombinant plasmids containing these transcriptional engancers downstream of a structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) were constructed. The transient expression of CAT gene from these plasmids was measured in monkey (CV1PD) and HeLa cells. Both SV40 and MCMV engancers activated the expression of CAT gene by more than 20 and 150 folds, respectively, compared with engancerless plasmids. When the SV40 promoter, upstream of CAT gene, was replaced with 2.2 kbp of promoter regulatory region of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene, there was no expression of CAT even in the presence of enhancers, reflecting the tissue-specific expression of bGH genes. However, when the bGH regulatory region was shortened to 230 bp, the expression level increased dramatically in the presence of SV40 enhancers. In contrast, the expression from the shortened promoter was only marginally activated by the stronger MCMV enhancer.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2013

Vegetative growth signaling of the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is mediated by GpaA ($G{\alpha}$). FlbA is a regulator of G protein signaling, which attenuates GpaA-mediated growth signaling in this fungus. The flbA deletion (${\Delta}flbA$) and the constitutively active GpaA ($GpaA^{Q204L}$) mutants exhibit enhanced proliferation, precocious autolysis, and reduced asexual sporulation. In this study, we demonstrate that both mutants also show enhanced tolerance against $H_2O_2$ and their radial growth was approximately 1.6 fold higher than that of wild type (WT) in medium with 10 mM $H_2O_2$. We performed quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) for examination of mRNA levels of three catalase encoding genes (catA, cat1, and cat2) in WT and the two mutants. According to the results, while levels of spore-specific catA mRNA were comparable among the three strains, cat1 and cat2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the two mutants than in WT. In particular, the ${\Delta}flbA$ mutant showed significantly enhanced and prolonged expression of cat1 and precocious expression of cat2. In accordance with this result, activity of the Cat1 protein in the ${\Delta}flbA$ mutant was higher than that of $gpaA^{Q204L}$ and WT strains. For activity of the Cat2 protein, both mutants began to show enhanced activity at 48 and 72 hr of growth compared to WT. These results lead to the conclusion that GpaA activates expression and activity of cat1 and cat2, whereas FlbA plays an antagonistic role in control of catalases, leading to balanced responses to neutralizing the toxicity of reactive oxygen species.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2006

The effects of cadmium on the catalase activity and isozyme patterns under light and dark conditions of rice(Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) seedlings were examined. Cadmium treatment resulted in the notable enhancement of $H_2O_2$ contents in the seedling roots and leaves under light and dark conditions. The catalase isozyme patterns in the roots were different from those in the leaves, showing tissue-specific expression of the enzyme. Moreover, the expression patterns of catalase isozymes in the green seedling roots were different from those in the etiolated seedling roots following cadmium treatment. The increase of total catalase activity was about 16 times at 1 mM cadmium and marked inductions of the isozyme CAT1 and CAT2 contributed to this increase in the green seedling roots. On the other hand, in the etiolated seedling roots, total catalase activity was lower than that of control at 0.5 and 1 mM cadmium, even though catalase activity increased about 3 times at 0.1 mM cadmium. The 3 fold increase of total catalase activity was mainly due to the increase of CAT1, CAT3 and CAT4 at 0.1 mM cadmium. However, treatment with higher concentrations of cadmium decreased the activity of CAT2 and CAT4 in the etiolated roots. In the leaves, the catalase existed as three isozymes; one cationic isozyme CATc, one neutral isozyme CATn and one anionic isozyme CAT1 in the control. The isozyme patterns and total activities remained unaffected by cadmium under light and dark conditions in the seedling leaves. Taken together, it seems that cadmium-induced changes of catalase might be regulated by light in the roots, but not in the leaves.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a scale for evaluation of attitudes toward complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) and to investigate nurses' attitudes toward CAT. Method: The subjects were 263 nurses working at a university hospital in Seoul and Inchon. The personally designed questionnaire was tested for its reliability and validity. Nurses' attitudes to CAT were evaluated using the questionnaire. Results: Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficient was 0.7405. 23 items were selected by item analysis and 4 factors including application, therapeutic effect, social interest and communication about CAT were classified by factor analysis. The mean score of attitudes and its subcategories were high, especially that of communication was very high. Nurses had a positive response to CAT in several items; acceptance as nursing intervention, its therapeutic value, complement for conventional medicine, and open communication about CAT. Attitudes were different significantly according to education and number of working years. There were high relationships between attitudes and its subcategories except communication. Conclusion: The Scale of attitudes toward CAT was proven to be reliable and valid. Positive nurses' attitudes toward CAT will help the patients be provided with a proper and safe way to take CAT.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.7C
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• pp.663-670
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the image encryption method which gradually uses NFSR(Non-linear Feedback Shift Register) and 20 CAT(Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata Transform). The encryption method is processed in the following order. First, NFSR is used to create a PN(pseudo noise) sequence, which matches the size of the original image. Then, the created sequence goes through a XOR operation with the original image and process the encipherment. Next, the gateway value is set to produce a 20 CAT basis function. The produced basis function is multiplied by encryption image that has been converted to process the 20 CAT encipherment. Lastly, the results of the experiment which are key space analysis, entropy analysis, and sensitivity analysis verify that the proposed method is efficient and very secure.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2009

A habitat model was developed to delineate potential habitat of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in a mountainous region of Kangwon Province, Korea. Between 1997 and 2005, 224 leopard cat presence sites were recorded in the province in the Nationwide Survey on Natural Environments. Fifty percent of the sites were used to develop a habitat model, and the remaining sites were used to test the model. Fourteen environmental variables related to topographic features, water resources, vegetation and human disturbance were quantified for 112 of the leopard cat presence sites and an equal number of randomly selected sites. Statistical analyses (e.g., t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis) showed that elevation, ridges, plains, % water cover, distance to water source, vegetated area, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, and distance to paved road differed significantly (P < 0.01) between presence and random sites. Stepwise logistic regression was used to develop a habitat model. Landform type (e.g., ridges vs. plains) is the major topographic factor affecting leopard cat presence. The species also appears to prefer deciduous forests and areas far from paved roads. The habitat map derived from the model correctly classified 93.75% of data from an independent sample of leopard cat presence sites, and the map at a regional scale showed that the cat's habitats are highly fragmented. Protection and restoration of connectivity of critical habitats should be implemented to preserve the leopard cat in mountainous regions of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1150-1156
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the gradual encryption method of image using LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register) and 2D CAT(Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata Transform). First, an LFSR is used to create a PN(pseudo noise) sequence, which is identical to the size of the original image. Then the created sequence goes through an XOR operation with the original image resulting to the first encrypted image. Next, the gateway value is set to produce a 2D CAT basis function.The created basis function multiplied with the first encrypted image produces the 2D CAT encrypted image which is the final output. Lastly, the stability analysis verifies that the proposed method holds a high encryption quality status.