• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2010

Objectives & Methods : To compare the medicinal herbs between Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Korean medicine(TKM), we took reference of major publications related to Ayurvedic medicinal herbs such as Indian Herbal Remedies, Prime Ayurvedic Plant Drugs, with those of TKM. We selected most widely used 130 herbal species of Ayurvedic medicine and compared the similarities and differences with TKM. Comparative factors were the origin, habitation, synonyms, usage, medicinal parts, and precautions. Results : 1. The medicinal herbs Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Carthami Flos (紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curculiginis Rhizoma(仙茅) used in TKM did exactly correlate in their origins with those of Ayurvedic medicine. 2. Varieties of allied species were found in their origins. Benincasae Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), and Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子) derive from the same plant Benincasa hispida Cogn. for both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM. Interestingly, B. cerifera Savi. is also claimed for same uses in Ayurvedic medicine. This broadened use of allied species is found in various Ayurvedic herbal medicine such as Cannabis Semen(火麻仁) using Cannabis indica Lam., and Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) using Curcuma domestica Valeton. This suggests the possibility of their usage also in TKM. 3. Myrrha(沒藥), and Curculiginis Rhizoma concorded their usage with TKM. While Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子), Cannabis Semen(火麻仁), Carthami Flos(紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) and Zedoariae Rhizoma(莪朮) revealed varied efficacies according to their part used or usage forms. Conclusion : Both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM reflect the traditional medicine of its regions where is founded. Mutual understanding improves the capability of coping of diverse ailments of present days and also replacing some plants in the days of increasing threat to our environment. Abundant external applications of various plants found in Ayurvedic medicine were particularly useful for TKM to complement its strength in herbal intake.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.127-137
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• 2008

Objectives : These days, herbal acupuncture therapy is widely applied to many diseases and symptoms by Korean medical doctors in Korea. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of Carthami-Semen herbal acupuncture(CSHA) on chronic constipation. Methods : This single-blind placebo-controlled randomized parellel study enrolled 24 adults with chronic constipation. After one week's run-in period, they were randomly assigned to receive CSHA therapy, or placebo therapy for 4 weeks by 2 times per week. After completing 4 week's therapy, 2 week's follow-up period was continued. During study, defecation frequency, consistency and ease of evacuation were checked before study, every week and follow-up periods. Also, the VAS of constipation, quality of life(QoL) and heart rate variability(HRV : low frequency, high frequency) were checked 3 times totally. Finally, 21 subjects completed the protocol and 20 subjects were analyzed.(1 subject is excluded for analysis because of not following the protocol.) Results : In CSHA group, defecation frequency(continued after 1 week), consistency and ease of evacuation(at 1 week after and follow-up) were increased significantly. The VAS of constipation in CSHA group was significantly decreased. There was no significant change at QoL and HRV. Conclusions : CSHA therapy was effective in treating adults with chronic constipation. Study that have larger case number and longer follow up will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2002

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Carthami Semen Aquacupunc- ture(CSA) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function rabbits with mercury chloride(HG)-induced acute renal failure. Methods : The administration of Hg at a subcutaneous single dose of 10 mg/kg caused a reduction in GFR and an increase in fractional Na excretion, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When CSA were given for 7 days prior to Hg administration, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased in rabbits treated with Hg alone. Results : The increase in rabbits treated with Hg following CSA are significantly lower than that in animals treated with Hg alone. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane and Na-K-ATPase activity in microsomal fraction were inhibited in rabbits treated with Hg alone. Such changes were prevented by CSA. Uptakes of organic ions, PAH and TEA, in renal cortical slices were inhibited by the administration of Hg, which was prevented by CSA. Exposure of renal cortical slices to Hg in vitro caused an increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation, which was significantly prevented by CSA extract. Conclusions : These results indicate that the administration of Hg causes impairment in reabsorption of solutes in the proximal tubule via the generation of reactive oxygen species. CSA provides the protection against the impairment in proximal reabsorption, and its effect may be resulted from its antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.103-104
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• 2001

This study was done to observe the effect on the local thermal changes of herbal acupuncture on D.I.T.I.. The objects of this study are as follows; If there are remarkable local thermal changes between pre and post herbal acupuncture therapy on D.I.T.I.or not. If there are those, We examine how long that changes are maintained, what the adequate interval is on herbal acupuncture therapy, and what the reaction in a .local or whole body are on that therapy Materials and Methods : To study the local thermal changes in herbal acupuncture therapy, D.I.T.I. was used. Determination of this analysis periods are pre and post-therapy(1 hour, 24hours, 48hours and 7days later). The study group was divided into three groups(comprised 23 students in oriental medical college, Woosuk University). One was NS(Normal Saline) group, another was CF(CARTHAMI SEMEN) group and the other was BU(FEL URSI + BENZOAR BOVIS) group. The Herbal Acupunture solution was injected 0.2ml divide into 0.05ml at tile P'ungmun(B12), P'yesu(B13), Pubun(B41), Paek'o(B42) 4 points. Then, in order to analyze the clinical form, we have observed response of 23 students whenever we checked the thermal changes of their after perfoming Results : The results were obtained as follows ; 1. There is no significant dermatothermal changes at NS group and CF group, but BU group have remarkable changes in 24, 48, 72 hours. 2. From post-therapy 1 hour to 48 hours, there is a significant change (P<0.01) at NS-BU group and CF-BU group, But there is none 7 days later. 3. In the analysis of whole or local body reaction, local pain appears at NS group(22%), CF group(11%), BU group(91%), discomfort reaction appears at CF group(14%), BU group(30%). BU groilp has feel vertigo(13%), drowsy (70%) and pain in action(52%). 4. In the analysis of the duration of physic진 reaction, BU group is most lately maintained. Conclusions : These results suggest that in the physical reaction of herbal acupuncture solutions, BU solution is more sensitive than CF solution or NS.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.57-68
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• 2000

This study was done to observe the effect on the local thermal change of herbal acupuncture on D.I.T.I.. The study group comprised 23 students who go to Woo-suk university oriental medical school. The study group was divided into three groups. One was NS(NORMAL SALINE) group, another was CF(CARTHAMI SEMEN) group and the other was BU(FEL URSI + BEZOAR BOVIS) group. Herbal Acupuncture fluid was injected on the P'ungmun(B12), P'yesu(B13), Pubun(B41), Paek'o(B42) acupuncture points. In results, the injection of herbal acupuncture fluid has brought out dermatothermal changes. BU group expressed significant changes in 24hours, 48hours, 72hours. The above results indicate that herbal acupuncture fluid has different effects on the dermatothermal change following times. BU group is lastest in duration of physical reactions. We consider that this results are helpful for saying about the effect of herbal acupuncture in clinical use.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2015

Objectives: Water-soluble carthami flos (WCF) is a new mixture of Carthami flos (CF) pharmacopuncture. We conducted a 4-week toxicity test of repeated intramuscular injections of WCF in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Forty male and 40 female rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 male and 10 female SD rats: The control group received 0.5 mL/animal/day of normal saline whereas the three experimental groups received WCF at doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal/day, respectively. For 4 weeks, the solutions were injected into the femoral muscle of the rats alternating from side to side. Clinical signs, body weights, and food consumption were observed; opthalmological examinations and urinalyses were performed. On day 29, blood samples were taken for hematological and clinical chemistry analyses. Then, necropsy was conducted in all animals to observe weights and external and histopathological changes in the bodily organs. All data were tested using a statistical analysis system (SAS). Results: No deaths were observed. Temporary irregular respiration was observed in male rats of the experimental group for the first 10 days. Body weights, food consumptions, opthalmological examinations, urinalyses, clinical chemistry analyses, organ weights and necropsy produced no findings with toxicological meaning. In the hematological analysis, delay of prothrombin time (PT) was observed in male rats of the 0.25- and the 0.5-mL/animal/day groups. In the histopathological test, a dose-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration into the fascia and panniculitis in perimuscular tissues was observed in all animals of the experimental groups. However, those symptoms were limited to local injection points. No toxicological meanings, except localized changes, were noted. Conclusion: WCF solution has no significant toxicological meaning, but does produce localized symptoms. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WCF in male and female rats is expected for doses over 0.5 mL/animal/day.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.210.1-210.1
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• 2003

Keokhachukeu-tang is the one of Chinese traditional prescription used for the treatment of liver disease. This prescription consists of Carthami Flos (6g), Persicae Semen (9g), Pteropi Faeces (9g), Corydalis Tuber (9g), Moutan Radicis Cortex (6g), Paeoniae Radix rubra (9g), Angelicae gigantis Radix (9g), Cnidii Rhizoma (9g), Linderae Radix (12g), Cyperi Rhizoma (12g), Aurantii Fructus (9g), and Glycyrrhizae Radix (3g). Water extract of Keokhachukeu-tang showed a moderate hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. (omitted)

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2001

Object When angiogenesis is excessive, Cancer, RA, Blindness, Psoriasis, Hemangioma, Diabetic retinopathy, Granulation, etc are induced. On the contrary, when it is insufficient, Stroke, Heart disease, Ulcer, Infertility, Scleroderma, artherosclerosis, delay of the wound recovery, etc occur. In recently, the methods which is control of abnormal angiogenesis are researching actively in relathion to anticancer research. This study is search for effective drugs which suppress this angiogenesis, in the ingredients of the herbs that invigorate and dispel blood stasis using to treat intravascular coagulation in the oriental herbal medicine. Methods We maked 80 % methanole extracts of Cnidii Rhizoma, Olibanum, Myrrha, Corydalidis Tuber, Curcumae Radix, Curcumae longe Rhizoma, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoama, Leonuri Herba, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Trogopterorum Faeces, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Manitis Squama, Eupolyphaga, Hirudo, Tabanus, Lycopi Herba, Artemisiae anomalae herba, Vaccariae Semen, Sappan Lignum, Gleditsiae Spina, Draconis Resina, Leonunari Semen, Selaginelliae Folium, Spatholobi Caulis, and these extracts were tested for MTT viabilaty test, BrdU incorporation, Tube foramtion assay on ECV304(immotalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell) at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$, $400{\mu}g/ml$ Results All extracts except Draconis Resina have no cytotoxicity at the $100{\mu}g/ml$, and in BrdU incorporation test, proliferation rate were reduced below 60% at the concentaraion of $100{\mu}g/ml$ by Zedoariae Rhizoma, Sappan, Lignum Gleditsiae, Spina Draconis Resina Vaccariae Semen. Zedoariae Rhizoma Sappan Lignum Gleditsiae Spina Draconis Resina Vaccariae Semen Olibanum, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix showed inhibition effects on tube formation of ECV304 at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion At the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in which cytotoxicity is not found, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Sappan Lignum, Gleditsiae Spina, Vaccariae Semen showed the inhibition effect on proliferation and tubeformation of ECV304.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the toxicity and to find the lethal dose of the test substance Water-soluble Carthami-flos pharmacopuncture (WCF) when used as a single intravenous-dose in 6-week-old, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The experiment was conducted at Biotoxtech according to Good Laboratory Practices. 20 female and 20 male Spague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 female and 5 male animals per group. The rats in the three experimental groups received single intravenous injections with 0.125-mL, 0.25-mL and 0.5-mL/animal doses of WCF, Groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the control group, Group 1, received a single intravenous injection with a 0.5-mL dose of normal saline. Clinical signs were observed and body weight measurements were carried out for 14 days following the injections. At the end of the observation period, hematology, clinical chemistry, histopathological tests and necropsy were performed on the injected parts. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the groups. Also, no significant changes in body weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry test results between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. Visual inspection after necropsy showed no abnormalities. Histopathological tests on the injected parts showed no significant differences, except for Group 1 females; however, the result was spontaneous generation and had no toxicological meaning because it was not dose-dependent. Therefore, this study showed that WCF had no effect on the injected parts in terms of clinical signs, body weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, and necropsy. Conclusion: As a result of single intravenous-dose tests of the test substance WCF in 4 groups of rats, the lethal dose for both males and females exceeded 0.5 mL/animal. Therefore, WCF is a relatively safe pharmacopuncture that can be used for treatment, but further studies should be performed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.57-74
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine in vitiligo by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Three electronic databases including the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were used to search for randomized controlled trials, by using specific key words and criteria up to January 4^th, 2020. Data in regards to years of publication, nation, demographic information, disease characteristics, duration of diseases, treatment methods, treatment period, outcome measures, results and adverse events were collected for this study. Results A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. The total effective rate of the treatment group treated with herbal medicine was significantly higher than that of the control group. In the other outcome measures, the treatment group also showed statistically significant differences in improving the outcome measures compared to the control group, or showed similar treatment effects to the control group. The most commonly used herbal medicines were Carthami Flos (紅花), Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸), Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker f. (白芷), Astragali Radix (黃芪), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (甘草), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (丹參), Persicae Semen (桃仁), Araliae Continentalis Radix (獨活), Tribuli Fructus (白蒺藜), Psoraleae Semen (補骨脂) etc. Hardly any severe adverse events were reported from the trials selected. Conclusions Based on the results of the clinical studies, herbal medicine treatment could be an effective and safe option for vitiligo treatment and symptom improvement.