• Title/Summary/Keyword: CARLA

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Product Liability in the Shipbuilding in the "MSC Carla" case (MSC Carla 사례상 선박의 제조물책임)

  • Seo, Jeong Woo;Jo, Jong Joo
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.64
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    • pp.155-185
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    • 2014
  • Liability for the manufacture or supply of defective products can arise in two principle ways, in tort and in contract. English law has long regarded shipbuilding contract as agreement for the sale and purchase of goods. The consequence of which is that unless the Buyer and Builder agree otherwise, terms will automatically be implied into the contract between them as to the quality and performance of the completed vessel. The same principle applies to sub-contracts allied to the shipbuilding contract. On the other hand, one case decisions established that ".... a contract to build a ship, though a contract of sale of goods, has also some characteristics of a building contract", Recently the liability of a manufacturer in tort for physical damage i.e. personal injury and damage to property other than alleged to be defective is now well settled in most countries. Accordingly the Builder may face third party claims in tort more regularly than they have in the past, if the statutory implied terms have not been expressly excluded in contract. In such circumstances, it is necessary for the Builder to be prepared with counter measures to secure the stability of the vessel from its design development, building process, delivery and operation etc. The purpose of this paper is, from the case of "MSC Carla", to review product liability, jurisdiction and the initial date of extinctive prescription, then to suggest counter measures to the Builder.

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A Study on Real-time Autonomous Driving Simulation System Construction based on Digital Twin - Focused on Busan EDC - (디지털트윈 기반 실시간 자율주행 시뮬레이션 시스템 구축 방안 연구 - 부산 EDC 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Min-Soo;Park, Jong-Hyun;Sim, Min-Seok
    • Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.53-66
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    • 2023
  • Recently, there has been a significant interest in the development of autonomous driving simulation environment based on digital twin. In the development of such digital twin-based simulation environment, many researches has been conducted not only performance and functionality validation of autonomous driving, but also generation of virtual training data for deep learning. However, such digital twin-based autonomous driving simulation system has the problem of requiring a significant amount of time and cost for the system development and the data construction. Therefore, in this research, we aim to propose a method for rapidly designing and implementing a digital twin-based autonomous driving simulation system, using only the existing 3D models and high-definition map. Specifically, we propose a method for integrating 3D model of FBX and NGII HD Map for the Busan EDC area into CARLA, and a method for adding and modifying CARLA functions. The results of this research show that it is possible to rapidly design and implement the simulation system at a low cost by using the existing 3D models and NGII HD map. Also, the results show that our system can support various functions such as simulation scenario configuration, user-defined driving, and real-time simulation of traffic light states. We expect that usability of the system will be significantly improved when it is applied to broader geographical area in the future.

A Study on AES Performance Assessment Protocol based on Car-to-car cut-out Scenario According to front Emergency Obstacle Avoidance of Preceding Vehicle during Highway Driving (고속도로 주행 시 선행차량의 전방 긴급 장애물 회피에 따른 Car-to-Car Cut-out 시나리오 기반 AES 성능평가 방법 연구)

  • Jinseok, Kim;Donghun, Lee
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.84-90
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    • 2022
  • With the popularization of autonomous driving technology, safety has emerged as a more important criterion. However, there are no assessment protocol or methods for AES (Autonomous Emergency Steering). So, this study proposes AES assessment protocol and scenario corresponding to collision avoidance Car-to-Car scenario of Euro NCAP in order to prepare for obstacles that appear after the emergency steering of LV (Leading Vehicle) avoiding obstacles in front of. Autoware-based autonomous driving stack is developed to test and simulate scenario in CARLA. Using developed stack, it is confirmed that obstacle avoidance is successfully performed in CARLA, and the AES performance of VUT (Vehicle Under Test) is evaluated by applying the proposed assessment protocol and scenario.

Panorama Image Stitching Using Sythetic Fisheye Image (Synthetic fisheye 이미지를 이용한 360° 파노라마 이미지 스티칭)

  • Kweon, Hyeok-Joon;Cho, Donghyeon
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.20-30
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    • 2022
  • Recently, as VR (Virtual Reality) technology has been in the spotlight, 360° panoramic images that can view lively VR contents are attracting a lot of attention. Image stitching technology is a major technology for producing 360° panorama images, and many studies are being actively conducted. Typical stitching algorithms are based on feature point-based image stitching. However, conventional feature point-based image stitching methods have a problem that stitching results are intensely affected by feature points. To solve this problem, deep learning-based image stitching technologies have recently been studied, but there are still many problems when there are few overlapping areas between images or large parallax. In addition, there is a limit to complete supervised learning because labeled ground-truth panorama images cannot be obtained in a real environment. Therefore, we produced three fisheye images with different camera centers and corresponding ground truth image through carla simulator that is widely used in the autonomous driving field. We propose image stitching model that creates a 360° panorama image with the produced fisheye image. The final experimental results are virtual datasets configured similar to the actual environment, verifying stitching results that are strong against various environments and large parallax.

City Diplomacy: Current Trends and Future Prospects (1st edition), edited by Sohaela Amiri and Efe Sevin, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 389 pp., €85.59 (eBook), ISBN 9783030456146. Urban Diplomacy: A Cosmopolitan Outlook, by Juan Luis Manfredi-Sánchez, Bill Research Perspectives in Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, 2021, 96 pp., $108.54 (Paperback), ISBN 9004472177. City Diplomacy: From City-States to Global Cities, by Raffaele Marchetti, University of Michigan Press, 2021, 144 pp., €66.14 (Hardcover), ISBN 9780472055036.

What Do We See When We Look at Faces? (우리는 얼굴을 어떻게 평가하는가?)

  • Evans, Carla A.
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.33 no.5 s.100
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    • pp.319-322
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    • 2003
  • Recent scientific findings on the perception of facial attractiveness coupled with technological advances in computer imaging make it possible to measure the facial characteristics that nay be associated with specific judgments of facial appearance. These new methods can be used to produce psychometric norms of facial attractiveness which potentially could supplement the conventional population norms or averages used currently in orthodontic treatment planning. It is hypothesized that consideration of psychometric norms will enhance doctor-patient communication and lead to greater patient satisfaction at the completion of orthodontic treatment.