• 전기의세계
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.441-441
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• 1975

Cape Code해협과 New England의 345KV 간선을 Boston 서남쪽으로 약 15 Miles 떨어진 지점에 연결되어 있는 Cannal-Walpole 송전선에는 내층에 A1선을 사용하고 외층에 A1합금선을 입힌 새로운 형태의 ACAR가 채용되었다. 이 전선은 종래의 ACAR연선과는 구성이 다른 것으로서 37개의 경A1선을 내층에 두고 54개의 5005합금선을 외층에 두고 있는 2,335MCM(1,180mm$^{2}$)의 대형 송전선이며 현재 실제가선에 의한 현장시험이 행하여 지고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.297.2-297.2
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.435-442
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 사장교의 제어기법 개발을 위한 구조물로 제공되는 벤치마크(benchmark) 사장교에 대해 복합제어 기법을 적용하였다. 이 벤치마크 문제에서는 2003년 완공 예정으로 미국 Missouri 주에 건설 중인 Cape Girardeau 교를 대상 구조물로 고려하였다. Cape Girardeau 교는 New Madrid 지진구역에 위치하고, Mississippi 강을 횡단하는 주요 교량이라는 점 때문에 설계단계에서부터 내진 문제에 대하여 자세하게 고려되었다. 상세 설계도면을 기반으로 하여 교량의 전체적인 거동 특성을 정확하게 나타낼 수 있는 3차원 모델이 만들어졌고, 사장교의 제어 성능에 관련된 평가 기준이 수립되었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 복합제어 기법이란 지진하중으로 인해 구조물에 발생되는 하중을 줄이기 위한 수동제어 기법과 상판변위와 같은 구조물의 응답을 추가적으로 제어하기 위한 능동제어 기법이 결합된 제어방법이다. 수동제어 장치로는 현재 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 납고무받침(lead rubber bearing)을 사용하였다. 능동제어 방법에는 $H_2$/LQG 제어 알고리듬(algorithm)을 사용하였다. 수치해석 결과 제안방법의 성능은 수동제어 방법에 비해 매우 효과적이며, 능동제어 방법에 비해서는 좀더 좋은 제어성능을 나타내었다. 또한, 복합제어 방법은 수동제어 부분 때문에 능동제어 방법에 비해 좀더 신뢰할 수 있는 제어 방법이다. 따라서 제안된 제어방법은 지진하중을 받는 사장교의 제어를 위해 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.443-450
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 미국토목학회(ASCE)의 사장교에 대한 첫번째 벤치마크 문제를 이용하여 제어-구조물 상호작용을 고려한 새로운 반능동 제어 기법을 제안하였다. 이 벤치마크 문제에서는 2003년 완공 예정으로 미국 Missouri 주에 건설 중인 Cape Girardeau 교를 대상 구조물로 고려하였다. Cape Girardeau 교는 New Madrid 지진구역에 위치하고, Mississippi 강을 횡단하는 주요 교량이라는 점 때문에 설계단계에서부터 내진 문제에 대하여 자세하게 고려되었다. 상세 설계 도면을 기반으로 하여 교량의 전체적인 거동 특성을 정확하게 나타낼 수 있는 3차원 모델이 만들어졌고, 사장교의 제어 성능에 관련된 평가 기준이 수립되었다. 본 연구에서는 제어 가능한 유체 감쇠기에 속하는 MR 유체 감쇠기를 제어 장치로 제안하였고, 기존 연구에서 MR 유체 감쇠기를 포함한 구조물의 제어에 효율적이라고 검증된 clipped-optimal 알고리듬을 제어 알고리듬으로 사용하였다. 또한, 실제 규모의 MR 유체 감쇠기 실험 결과를 이용하여 수치해석에 이용할 수 있는 동적 모델을 개발하였다. MR 유체 감쇠기는 제어 가능한 에너지 소산장치이며 구조물에 에너지를 가하지 않기 때문에 제안된 제어 기법은 한정입출력 안정성이 보장된다. 수치해석을 통해, MR 유체 감쇠기를 이용한 반능동 제어 기법이 사장교의 응답 감소에 효과적인 방법임을 증명하였다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

PURPOSES: This study set out to investigate the current state of microsurfacing in Texas and compared the results with the current state of the practice nationwide. METHODS: For this study, case studies were extracted from the existing literature and compared with the data obtained both from site visits by the research team and data obtained from a survey by Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) personnel. The successes and failures of microsurfacing are detailed and explanations of different issues are outlined. Forensic studies from Texas are included in the descriptions of those microsurfacings that failed when configured as part of the cape seals. RESULTS : Microsurfacing has been shown to be an effective pavement preservation technique when applied to an appropriate road, at an appropriate timing, and as a remedy for certain issues. The failures experienced in Texas can mostly be attributed to cape seals and an inability to recognize structurally faulty pavement. CONCLUSIONS : When applied to an appropriate road, at an appropriate timing, and as a remedy for certain issues, microsurfacing has been shown to perform well in numerous case studies. The majority of microsurfacing failures are the result of poor project selection, usually involving the treatment being applied to structurally unsound pavement.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.740-754
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• 2015

This paper focuses on the reverse blocking busbar protection scheme with aim to improve the speed of its operation and at the same time to increase operational reliability, flexibility and stability of the protection during external and internal faults by implementation of the extended functionality provided by the IEC61850 standard-based protective Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The practical implementation of the scheme by the use of IEC 61850 standard communication protocol is investigated. The proposed scheme is designed for a radial type of a distribution network and is modeled and simulated in the DigSILENT software environment for various faults on the busbar and its outgoing feeders. A laboratory test bench is built using three ABB IEDs 670 series that are compliant with the IEC 61850 standard, CMC 356 Omicron test injection device, PC, MOXA switch, and a DC power supplier. Two types of the reverse blocking signals between the IEDs in the test bench are considered: hard wired and Ethernet communication by using IEC 61850 standard GOOSE messages. Comparative experimental study of the operational trip response speeds of the two implementations for various traffic conditions of the communication network shows that the performance of the protection scheme for the case of Ethernet IEC 61850 standard-based communication is better.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 2016

A goal of phylogeography is to relate phylogenetic patterns to potential historic and contemporary geographic isolating events. Genetic breaks found in phylogeographic studies may denote boundaries between more generally applicable biogeographic regions. We investigated the distribution of Lessonia variegata, an important habitat forming alga, found on most rocky shores around New Zealand’s main islands, plus related species from surrounding waters. L. variegata has been shown to consist of four distinct cryptic species. Our aim was to compare the distribution of L. variegata with proposed bioregions; and to develop phylogeographic hypotheses to explain its present day distribution. Both a mitochondrial (atp8-sp) and plastid (RuBisCo spacer) marker, with different mutation rates, were used to gain information of the phylogenetic history of Lessonia. The data revealed high phylogeographic structuring and reciprocal endemism for all L. variegata cryptic species. One species (L. variegata / N) is confined to the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand; L. variegata / W is found at the southeast of the North Island and the northern South Island; L. variegata / K is endemic to the northeast South Island; and L. variegata / S is restricted to the southern part of the South Island. No overlapping areas of L. variegata species distribution were found. The data showed that genetic breaks in Lessonia do mostly correlate to bioregions, and highlight the importance of Cape Campbell at the northeast of the South Island and East Cape in the North Island, well known phylogeographic breaks, as a barrier between adjacent species.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper investigates whether one's occupation influences one's attitude toward people with HIV/AIDS and suggests ways to counter HIV-related stigma in different work settings. Two samples comprising workers in different environments and occupations with contrasting personalities were chosen. Thus, security guards (authoritarian types) and catering workers (social types) were included. Research design, data, and methodology - The sample comprised246 service staff from the Rhodes University Catering Division and the Hi-Tec Security company, both in Grahamstown, South Africa, a small Eastern Cape province town. All employees at these organizations during the survey were eligible to participate. Results -The security sample displays significantly higher personal stigma scores than the catering sample, according to the Visser personal stigma scale (mean scores of 4.01 and 1.37, respectively; t=10.30, df=244, p=0.00). Similar results were found using Visser subscales. Conclusions - This study shows that occupation is a strong predictor of HIV-related stigma in the workplace, suggesting that workplace settings, by attracting particular personalities and influencing workers, may shape attitudes towards those who are HIV positive.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

In-flight service, depending on the perceptions of service satisfaction because ever turns into a variable, which enables service providers the flexibility of a variable in the end flight service to suit your needs to providing comprehensive and proactive services of the crew will be motivated. In addition, the service provider's motivation to work in a confined space on board the flight service characteristics in-flight service will be a major impact on the environment. This service-oriented environment, in-flight service and motivation in order to verify the impact on services in Cape factors as independent variables and the dependent variable service-oriented multi-regression analysis was performed. As a result, the motivation of the crew and the crew of the service-oriented, with a voluntary service crew services dependent variable parameters that affect the behavior of the acts. Services and service-oriented motivation Cape factors significantly influence both the irradiated while the impact on voluntary service and results verification service aesthetics, cleanliness, and physical service environment, only the voluntary services of the crew a positive effect on that the effects were investigated.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated ability of recognition of auditory perception with regards to the quality of voice in postlingual CI adults and proposed a training program to improve within subject reliability. A prospective case-control study was conducted in adults with 7 postlingual deaf who received a CI surgery and 10 normal hearing controls. The pre and post test and training program included parameters of consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice(CAPE-V) with pathological voice sample by using Alvin. In results of pre-post test for monitoring improvements of internal reliability for listeners via the training program, there was statistically significant difference in both test and group. There was statistically significant difference in internal reliability between pre-post test in the normal hearing group, the result was no significant in the CI group. The present study found that CI adults showed less ability in awareness of voice quality compared to normal hearing group. Also the training program improved pitch and loudness in CI adults.