• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.30-43
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• 2012

Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are at risk for protein-energy malnutrition because of nutrient losses during dialysis. This study determined the nutritional status of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Forty-four patients receiving CAPD were divided into two groups according to dialysis period. We investigated the nutritional status of the patients by measuring anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as food intake, self-appetite, dietary habits, a subjective global assessment, and a total nutritional status assessment. Group I subjects (7 males, 13 females) had received dialysis for < 2 years, whereas the group II subjects (18 males, 6 females) received dialysis for ${\geq}$ 2 years. Energy intake with added dextrose in the dialysate per kg of body weight was $30.3{\pm}5.8$ kcal in group I and $29.0{\pm}8.1$ kcal in group II. The average protein intake per kg of weight was $1.0{\pm}0.3$ g in group I and $1.0{\pm}0.4$ g in group II, which were less than the recommended protein intake for patients undergoing CAPD (1.2-1.5 g/kg). Mean serum albumin level was significantly lower in group II than that in group I (p < 0.05). A recent self-appetite score was significantly higher in group II than that in group I (p < 0.01). The dietary habits score was significantly lower in group II than that in group I (p < 0.05). The subjective global assessment was significantly higher in group I (85.0%) than that in group II (54.2%) under normal nutrition status (p < 0.05). The dialysis period was significantly and negatively correlated with the subjective global assessment (r = -0.502, p < 0.01) and the total nutritional status assessment (r = -0.575, p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that patients undergoing CAPD for ${\geq}$ 2 years had worse nutritional status than those who had been undergoing dialysis for < 2 years. Good nutritional status can predict the long-term survival of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Additionally, the exact evaluation of nutritional status before 2 years will be important to maintain long-term dialysis therapy in patients undergoing CAPD.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1992년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.35-35
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• 1992

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2012

본 연구는 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성과 가족의 부담감을 파악하고 그 관계를 규명하여 노인 환자와 가족을 위한 간호중재를 개발하는데 기초 자료를 마련하고자 시도되었다. 연구 대상자는 서울지역에 소재한 3차 의료기관 신장내과에 등록되어 외래를 방문한 만 65세 이상의 노인 복막투석 환자 50명과 그 가족 50명이며, 자료수집기간은 2011년 4월 4일부터 15일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 12.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 대상자의 의존성은 평균 139.6점이었고, 가족의 부담감은 평균 84.2점이었으며, 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성은 가족의 부담감과 통계적으로 유의한 순상관관계(r=.61, p=.000)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해, 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성은 높은 수준이며, 이들을 돌보는 가족의 부담감도 매우 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성과 가족의 부담감을 감소시킬 수 있는 간호중재를 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2012

Valaciclovir is metabolized to acyclovir after ingestion and thereafter exerts its antiviral activity. Because of its superior pharmacokinetic profile, it has quickly replaced acyclovir in the treatment of herpesvirus infection. Neurotoxicity caused by valaciclovir has been reported, however, among patients with pre-existing impaired renal function. This paper reports a case of neurotoxicity of valaciclovir in a patient with end-stage renal disease who was undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A 67-year-old female on CAPD took 500 mg of valaciclovir twice for herpes zoster. After she took her second dose orally, she developed confusion and disorientation, along with involuntary movements. Her mental confusion progressed to a coma. Discontinuation of valaciclovir showed no rapid improvement. There- fore, hemodialysis was started. After two sessions of hemodialysis, the patient became alert; and after four sessions of hemodialysis, her neurological abnormalities were completely reversed. In conclusion, valaciclovir can induce life-threatening neurotoxicity, especially in CAPD patients, even with appropriate dose reduction, which can be effectively managed by hemodialysis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1998

목 적 : 우리 나라의 여러 기관에서 시행된 소아복막투석의 자료를 종합하고 분석하여 한국 소아복막투석의 현황을 파악하고 공통적인 문제점과 그 해결방안을 찾고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1987년 11월부터 1997년 10월까지 대한소아신장학회의 총17개 기관에서 시행된 264례의 소아복막 투석례를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 지속성 외래 복막투석(CAPD)은 114례에서 시행되었으며 투석시행 당시의 평균연령은 $10.5{\pm}6.6$세, 남녀비는 1.4:1 였고 평균 투석시행 기간은 $20{\pm}16.9$개월 이었다. 말기신부전의 원인질환은 114례중 88례($77\%$)에서 확인되었으며, 국소성분절성사구체경화증이 $17\%$로 가장 많았고 다음으로 역류성 신병증과 만성사구체신염이 각각 $11.4\%$ 였다. 부작용은 복막염이 가장 많았고($69\%$) 빈도는 one episode/18.2 patient-months 였으며 원인균으로는 Staphylococcus aureus가 가장 많았다. 투석전후의 환아의 성장상태는 투석전 Height Standard deviation Score(SDS)가 -1.34 였고 투석후 -2.01로 투석후에 더욱 악화된 양상을 보여주었다. 급성복막투석은 150례에서 시행되어 평균투석기간은 $10.3{\pm}11.3$일 이었다. 원인질환은 패혈증($20.6\%$), 선천성 심장병($18.6\%$), 용혈성요독증후군($16\%$)순서였다. 부작용으로는 복막염이 $78\%$로 가장 많았고 빈도는 1회/5.17patients였다. 결 론 :지속성 외래 복막투석을 시행한 환자에서 말기신부전의 원인으로 사전에 치료 및 예방이 가능한 역류성신병증이 두 번째로 많은 빈도를 보여 요로감염환자에서 방광요관역류에 대한 적극적인 진단 및 치료가 요구되었고 서구에 비하여 선천성 기형에 의한 말기신부전의 빈도는 비교적 낮았다. CAPD시행후 오히려 시작전에 비하여 악화된 성장상태를 볼 때 투석중 영양공급의 문제점을 인식하고 앞으로 보다 적극적이고 체계적인 영양공급을 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2007

목 적 : 단일 기관에서 만성복막투석을 시행 받고 있는 소아 환자를 대상으로 후향적 단면연구를 시행하여 복막투석 방법에 따른 투석 결과의 차이가 있는지에 대하여 연구해 보고자 한다. 방 법 : 단일 기관에서 2004년과 2007년 사이에 복막투석을 시행 받았던 환자들 중 투석 후 3개월에서 15개월 사이에 복막투석 적절도에 대한 평가가 이루어졌던 35명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 연구 당시 시행하고 있던 복막투석 방법에 따라 CAPD 군, CCPD 군과 NIPD 군으로 환자들을 분류하였고 각각 17명, 13명, 5명의 환자들이 포함되었다. 각 군 사이에 항고혈압제를 복용하고 있는 환자 수, 체중, 신장 및 일반화학 검사와 혈색소 검사를 포함한 혈액 검사 결과의 차이가 있는지 비교 분석하였다. 투석 및 잔여 신기능을 통한 주간 $Kt/V_{urea}$, Ccr과 초여과양 및 소변량에 대한 비교 분석도 시행하였다. 표준 방법을 통한 복막평형검사를 시행하여 개인의 복막 투과성에 대해서도 알아보았다. 결 과 : 각 군 간에 항고혈압제를 복용하고 있는 환자의 비율, 체중과 신장 Z-score의 월간 변화 및 혈액검사 평균 수치의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. CAPD 군과 CCPD 군에서, 복막투석 및 잔여 신기능을 통한 주간 Kt/Vurea, Ccr 및 수분 배설 의 차이는 없었다. NIPD 군의 복막투석을 통한 주간 Ccr이 다른 두 군에서보다 유의하게 낮았지만, 잔여 신기능을 통한 보상으로 총 주간 Ccr에는 차이가 없었다. 복막 평형 검사 결과 저 투과성(low transporter) 및 저 평균 투과성(low average transporter)으로 분류되었던 환자들을 대상으로 비교하였을 때, CAPD를 통한 주간 Ccr이 CCPD를 통한 주간 Ccr 보다 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과를 토대로, 소아 만성복막투석 환자들에 있어서 투석 방법은 환자의 선호도에 의하여 자유롭게 선택될 수 있어야 할 것을 제안하는 바이다. 또한 초여과의 실패 및 부적절한 투석으로 투석 방법의 변경이 불가피한 상황에서, 복막 평형 검사는 투석 방법 변경이 적절이 이루어질 수 있도록 도와주는 귀중한 정보를 제공해 줄 것이다. 투석 방법 간의 명확한 비교를 위하여 향후 복막염의 빈도, 영양상태 및 장기간의 성장등 다양한 투석 성적을 비교하는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1989

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a well established method of treating end stage renal failure, and is commonly used as an alternative to hemodialysis. Several complications have been observed. These include catheter malfunction, abdominal and inguinal hernia, and peritonitis. A relatively frequent complication is swelling of external genitalia, due to bowel fluid passing through a patent processus vaginalis. Special diagnostic procedures are necessary to determine the nature of the abnormality and to guide the surgical correction. We reported two cases of patent processus vaginalis in patient on CAPD proved by radionuclide peritoneal scintiscan using Tc-99 m-tin colloid.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2007

In this work, experimental investigation is carried out in order to design and fabricate the UHF sensor that is able to detect the partial discharges produced from 10 artificial defects introduced into the real scale 70kV GIS mock-up under high voltage within a well shielded room. As well, in order to verify the on-site applicability of our method, the newly proposed CAPD (chaos analysis of partial discharge) is combined with spectral analysis for identifying the nature of 10 artificial defects under investigation. The PD pattern recognition of each defect has been fulfilled by applying our ANN software. The result indicates that the recognition rate reaches up to 80% by the newly proposed method while the traditional PRPD analysis method allows us to obtain 41%. In consequence, it can be pointed out that the proposed method seems likely to be applicable to the real GIS at the site.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.2223-2225
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• 2005

In this work, experimental investigation has been mainly done. For this purpose, UHF sensor has been designed and fabricated to detect the partial discharges produced from the 10 artificial defects introduced into the real scale 70kV GIS mock-up under the high voltage at the well shielded room. And also, in order to verify the applicability of the proposed method at the site, the proposed CAPD (chaos analysis of partial discharge) is combined with spectral analysis method in order to identify the nature of the above 10 defects. The PD pattern recognition of each defect has been fulfilled by applying self developed artificial neural network soft ware. The result shows that the recognition rate is reached to be 80% by newly proposed method while the traditional PRPD analysis method leads us to obtain 41%. In consequence, it can be pointed out that the proposed method seems likely to be applicable to the real GIS at the site.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.624-640
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• 2006

Dialysis patients are at risk of malnutrition not only because of losses of nutrients during peritoneal dialysis but also because of anorexia that results in inadequate nutrient intakes. The aim of this study was to estimate the nutritional status of 154 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), especially focused on protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin and mineral status. The mean age of the subjects was $5.12\;{\pm}\;12.4\;y$ with educational years of $12.3\;{\pm}\;0.4\;y$ for male and $9.6\;{\pm}\;0.4\;y$ for female. The mean duration of dialysis was $22.7\;{\pm}\;21.7\;mo$. The causes of renal failure included diabetes (32.7), chronic glomerulonephritis (15.0%), and hypertension (8.5%). The main complications associated with chronic renal failure were hypertension (86.1%), diabetes (35.4%) and liver disease (9.0%). The mean daily energy intake was $1216.8\;{\pm}\;457.3\;kcal$ and increased to $1509.2\;{\pm}\;457.2\;kcal$ when added with the energy from dextrose in dialysate. The latter was still much lower than estimated energy requirement but energy intake per kg of body weight (28.1 kcal/1 g) was within the range of that recommended for CAPD patients' diet therapy (25 - 30 kcal/kg). The average daily intake of protein was $49.2\;{\pm}\;25.1\;g$ with 37.6% of the patients showing their intakes less than Estimated Average Requirement. The average protein intake per kg of weight was 0.9 g/kg, which is less than that recommended for CAPD patients (1.2-1.5g/kg) with mean serum albumin level $3.2\;{\pm}\;0.5\;g/dl$. The proportion of the patients with dietary calcium intake less than EAR was 90.9%, but when added with supplementary calcium (phosphorus binder), most patients showed their total calcium intake between EAR and UL. Fifty percent of the patients were observed with dietary iron intake less than EAR, however most patients revealed their total iron intake with supplementation above UL. The addition of folic acid with supplementation increased mean total folic intake to $1126.0\;{\pm}\;152.4\;{\mu}g$ and ninety eight percent of the subjects showed their total folic acid intake above UL. The prevalence of anemia was 83.1 % assessed with hemoglobin level, even with high intakes of iron with supplementation. Thirty four percent of the patients showed their fasting blood glucose was not under control $(\geq\;126\;mg/dl)$ even with medication or insulin probably due to dextrose from dialysate. The mean blood lipid levels were within the reference levels of hyperlipidemia, but with 72.1 % of the patients showing lower HDL-C. In conclusion, Fairly large proportion of the patients were observed with protein malnutrition with low intake of protein and serum albumin level. Few patients showed their vitamins and minerals intake less than EAR with supplementation. For iron and folic acid, their intakes were increased to above UL for large proportion of he patients. However, more than eighty percent of the patients were still anemic associated with decreased renal function. The serum blood glucose and lipid level were not under control for some patients with medication. It seems that supplementation and medications that patients are taking should be considered for dietary consulting of CAPD patients.