• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

South Korea has many landslides caused by heavy rains during summer time recently and the landslides continue to cause damages in many places. These landslides occur repeatedly each year, and the frequency of landslides is expected to increase in the coming future due to dramatic global climate change. In Korea, 81.5% of the population is living in urban areas and about 1,055 million people are living in Seoul. In 2011, the landslide that occurred in Seocho-dong killed 18 people and about 9% of Seoul's area is under the same land conditions as Seocho-dong. Even the size of landslide occurred in a city is small, but it is more likely to cause a big disaster because of a greater population density in the city. So far, the effort has been made to identify landslide vulnerability and causes, but now, the new dem and arises for the prediction study about the areal extent of disaster area in case of landslides. In this study, the diffusion model of the landslide disaster area was established based on Cellular Automata(CA) to analyze the physical diffusion forms of landslide. This study compared the accuracy with the Seocho-dong landslide case, which occurred in July 2011, applying the SCIDDICA model and the CAESAR model. The SCIDDICA model involves the following variables, such as the movement rules and the topographical obstacles, and the CAESAR model is also applied to this process to simulate the changes of deposition and erosion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.487-489
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• 2007

In this paper chemical process plant information is addressed to be standardized. The chemical process plant information has complexities in the context of its various types such as functions, shapes, connectivity etc. as well as its usages such as design, construction, operation, maintenance and so on. It was well known that the standard should be made by its users themselves to be used widely. The chemical process industry oriented ISO 15926 RDL (Systems and integration of life-cycle data for oil and gas production facilities : Reference Data Library) can provide the methodology for exchanging and sharing of plant equipment information, which will be developed through integrating existing standards such as ISO 10303 AP221, AP231, AP227. The PCA (Posc Caesar Association) which is located in Oslo, Norway, has the initiative in developing ISO 15926. Korea is a member of PCA and takes part in proposing and reviewing the new standard. The trends and prospects for the standard of chemical process plant information are addressed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.491-507
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• 2010

This study focuses on the fauna, seasonal prevalence and altitudinal distribution of the flies from March to November, 2008 in Mt. Hallasan, Jejudo Island, Korea. The fauna of flies was 39 species belonging to 5 Families which consist of 12 Calliphoridae, 19 Muscidae, 5 Sarcophagidae, 1 Dryomyzidae 1, Scathophagidae and 1 Anthomyiidae. The total number of flies collected was 21,605 with sex ratio of 57.98% in Mt. Halla. The ratio is higher than that of the residential area and other mountain survey sites. The average number of per trap individuals collected on the trapping day is 267, which is similar with the average of Mts. Jiryong, Juwang, Palgong and Gumo. The five dominant species showed a distinctive seasonal prevalence of 92.6% of the total flies: Chrysomyia pinguis (34.2%), Calliphora lata (25.3%), Hydrotaea dentipes(23.1%), Fannia scalaris (5.1%), and Lucilia caesar (4.9%). The seasonal prevalence of the flies was from the beginning of March to the end of November, and the highest peak time of the whole flies, males and females were different respectively. In the similarity index of the flies collected in different altitude, that of between 1,000 meters and 1,500 meters was the highest among the indices of 500 meters and above 1,000 meters. The index at each altitude was above 80% because of the same area. The diversity index of fly species was between 0.00 and 0.88 through altitudinal traps monthly. The highest index in Trap 1 was 0.88 in October, in Trap 2, 0.82 in July and in Trap 3, 0.63 in July. The diversity above 1,000 meters was most various in July. The five dominant species of C. pinguis, C. lata, H dentipes, F. scalaris, and L. caesar showed distinctive seasonal prevalence, relative abundance and altitudinal distribution respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.1821-1841
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• 1997

This paper presents an automated protocol conformance test sequence generation based on formal methods for LOTOS specification by using and applying many existing related algorithms and technique, such as the testing framework, Rural Chinese Postman tour concepts. We use the state-transition graphs obtained from LOTOS specifications by means of the CAESAR tool. This tool compiles a specification written in LOTOS into an extended Petri net, from which a transition graph of a event finite-state machine(EvFSM) including data is generated. A new characterizing sequence(CS), called Unique Event sequence(UE sequence) is defined. An UE sequence for a state is a sequence of accepted gate events that is unique for this state. Some experiences about UE sequence, partial UE sequence and signature are also explained. These sequences are combined with the concept of the Rural Chinese Postman Tour to obtain an optimal test sequence which is a minimum cost tour of the reference transition graph of the EvFSM. This paper also presents a fault coverage estimation experience of an automated method for optimized test sequences generation and the translation of the test sequence obtained by using our tool to TTCN notation are also given. A prototype of the proposed framework has been built with special attention to real application in order to generated the executable test cases in an automatic way. This formal method on conformance testing can be applied to the protocols related to IN, PCS and ATM for the purpose of verifying the correctness of implementation with respect to the given specification.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2011

Floating, production, storage and offloading (FPSO) is a production facility that refines and saves the drilled crude oil from a drilling facility in the ocean. The flare system in the FPSO is a major part of the pressure relieving system for hydrocarbon processing plants. The flare system consists of a number of pipes and complicated connection systems. Decision of pipe support types is important since the load on the support and the stress in the pipe are influenced by the pipe support type. In this study, we optimally determined the pipe support types that minimized the support cost while satisfying the design constraints on maximum support load, maximum nozzle load and maximum pipe stress ratio. Performance indices included in the design constraints for a specified design were evaluated by pipe structural analysis using CAESAR II. Since pipe support types were all discrete design variables, an evolutionary algorithm (EA) was used as an optimizer. We successfully obtained the optimal solution that reduced the support cost by 27.2% compared to the initial support cost while all the design requirements were satisfied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2015

본 연구는 만경강을 대상으로 하도경사에 따라 하천을 상 중 하류로 구분하고, 빈도별 홍수량에 따라 홍수범람면적과 공간적 자료를 이용하여 하천공간을 확보해야 하는 지역과 홍수 방어 대책 수립이 필요한 지역을 선정하고자 한다. 이에 따라 홍수범람도 작성을 위해 만경강 유역을 무제부로 가정하고 CAESAR LISFLOOD 모형을 이용하여 홍수범람해석을 수행하였다. 하천의 상 중 하류별 범람해석 결과 상류하천 유역에서는 빈도별 홍수량이 커져도 홍수범람면적의 변화가 작았으며, 하류 하천의 경우 빈도별 홍수량이 커짐에 따라 범람면적이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 하천구간별에 따라 홍수범람해석 결과와 GIS 정보인 건물위치 및 도로망도 등을 활용하여 제내지 지역을 분할하고 분할된 지역에 대하여 하천 공간확보 가능지역과 홍수방어가 필요한 지역을 선정하였다. 분석결과 하류지역은 하천 공간확보가 가능한 후보 지역이 상대적으로 많고, 상류지역은 홍수방어가 필요한 지역이 상대적으로 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 과거 하천 형태 및 습지 분포 위치 등 보다 다양한 GIS자료를 이용한 하천공간 확보 가능지역에 대하여 분석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.719-732
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• 2008

The total number of flies collected was 4,864 with sex ratio of 32.8% from Suseungdae area, Geochang-gun, Gyeongnam, Korea. The fauna of fly was 35 species consisting of 13 Calliphoridae, 12 Muscidae, 8 Sarcophagidae, 1 Dryomyzidae and 1 Anthomyiidae. The number of genus and species of Calliphoridae and Muscidae of Suseungdae area were similarly found in the mountain and residential areas, however, those of Sarcophagidae was similar with that of residential area. Calliphoridae was the most dominant family at the survey sites with 60.4% of the total collected flies, and followed Muscidae 33.3% and Sarcophagidae 6.2%. The dominant species were constituted of 83.6% of the total flies and the order of collected flies was Chrysomyia pinguis (42.2%), Limnophora sp. (10.8%), Muscina angustifrons (8.6%), Calliphora lata (8.1%), Fannia scalaris (5.5%), Lucilia caesar (3.9%), and Boettcherisca peregrina (4.2%). The seasonal prevalence of flies was from the middle of March to the end of November, and the peak time of appearance was the middle of June, middle of September and middle of October. The highest peak of prevalence was the middle of October. The similarity index of the flies was above 80%, compared to Mt. Geonheung and landfill in Geochang-gun. The number of fly species was more affected by the mean air temperature. In the comparison of the seasonal prevalence and relative abundance of 7 predominant species among 35 species, each species was found to exhibit its specific characteristics and showed the pattern of species.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.231-257
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• 2022

Transmission lines systems are important components of the electrical power infrastructure. However, these systems are vulnerable to damage from high wind events such as hurricanes. This study presents the results from a 1:50 scale aeroelastic model of a multi-span transmission lines system subjected to simulated hurricane winds. The transmission lines system considered in this study consists of three lattice towers, four spans of conductors and two end-frames. The aeroelastic tests were conducted at the NSF NHERI Wall of Wind Experimental Facility (WOW EF) at the Florida International University (FIU). A horizontal distortion scaling technique was used in order to fit the entire model on the WOW turntable. The system was tested at various wind speeds ranging from 35 m/s to 78 m/s (equivalent full-scale speeds) for varying wind directions. A system identification (SID) technique was used to evaluate experimental-based along-wind aerodynamic damping coefficients and compare with their theoretical counterparts. Comparisons were done for two aeroelastic models: (i) a self-supported lattice tower, and (ii) a multi-span transmission lines system. A buffeting analysis was conducted to estimate the response of the conductors and compare it to measured experimental values. The responses of the single lattice tower and the multi-span transmission lines system were compared. The coupling effects seem to drastically change the aerodynamic damping of the system, compared to the single lattice tower case. The estimation of the drag forces on the conductors are in good agreement with their experimental counterparts. The incorporation of the change in turbulence intensity along the height of the towers appears to better estimate the response of the transmission tower, in comparison with previous methods which assumed constant turbulence intensity. Dynamic amplification factors and gust effect factors were computed, and comparisons were made with code specific values. The resonance contribution is shown to reach a maximum of 18% and 30% of the peak response of the stand-alone tower and entire system, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.629-637
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• 2006

This exploratory study is to analyze the status of star menus and suggest the development strategy of star menus in the western restaurants of the tourism hotels in Seoul. The data was collected from the chefs who have been working over 15-years in tourism hotels in Seoul by judgement sampling. The questionnaire was composed of Miller and Pavesic's 'Fifty tips for a successful menu' and Khan's 'The evaluation of menu item development', The 30-menu items were selected from the 1st survey on the menu items that were high in both popularity and contribution margin by menu engineering method. The selected menu items were analyzed by 14 lists: simplicity, ready availability of ingredients, quality, flavor, presentation, preparation, service method, nutrition quality, preference, profitability, serving temperature, descriptive copy of menu and publicity. As a result of the study, appetizer category was recorded the highest score by 4.09. Smoked salmon, Tomato and mozzarella cheese, Cream of mushroom, Cream of asparagus, French onion soup, Grilled beef tenderloin, Grilled rib-eye steak, Roasted lamb rack, King prawn, Seafood spaghetti, Chef's salad, Caesar salad, Organic salad, Fruit plate, Italian tiramisu and Yogurt ice cream were recorded high score. The development strategy of star menu is belows : the menu writer must consider the productivity, effectiveness, popularity and profitability, the regular customers want varieties and creativity in the menu and the operators have to include the star menu items in the set menu.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

The Skinned Multi-Person Linear Model (SMPL) is the most widely used parametric 3D Human Model optimized and learned from CAESAR, a 3D human scanned database created with measurements from 3,800 people living in United States in the 1990s. We point out the lack of racial diversity of body types in SMPL and propose K-SMPL that better represents Korean 3D body shapes. To this end, we develop a fitting algorithm to estimate 2,773 Korean 3D body shapes from Korean body measurement data. By conducting principle component analysis to the estimated Korean body shapes, we construct K-SMPL model that can generate various Korean body shape in 3D. K-SMPL model allows to improve the fitting accuracy over SMPL with respect to the Korean body measurement data. K-SMPL model can be widely used for avatar generation and human shape fitting for Korean.