• BMB Reports
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 1995

The ryanodine-receptor $Ca^{2+}$ release channel protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane of rabbit skeletal muscle plays an important role in muscle exitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Various types of detergents were tested, including Chaps, cholate, octylglucoside, Zwittergents, Mega-9, Lubrol PX, and Triton X-100 for solubilization of this protein. Among these, Chaps and Triton X-100 were found to optionally solubilize the channel complex. Optimum conditions for this solubilization were pH 7.4 with a salt concentration of 1 M. The addition of phospholipid in the solubilization step helped in stabilizing the protein. The purification of the receptor was performed using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Various methods [dilution, freeze-thaw, adsorption (Biobeads), and dialysis] were investigated to incorporate the Chaps-solubilized and purified $Ca^{2+}$ release channel protein into liposomes made from different types of phospholipids. Of these, a combined method consisting of a dialysis, freeze-thaw and sonication steps yielded the best results. Reconstituted vesicles produced by this method with 95% phosphatidylcholine (from soybean extract) had good function.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1980

우리나라에서 사육되는 오리고기로 부터 Myofibrillar protein 을 추출하여 생채 촉매인 ATPase의 활성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Mg- activated ATPase 활성은 이온 강도가 낮을때 활성은 증가하고 이온농도가 높으면 활성은 감소되었으며 바다오리와 사육장오리고기 사이에 차이가 있었다. 2. Myofibrillar protein 의 ATPase 활성에 EDTA의 영향은 $4.6{\mu}g$ 을 넣었을때 ATPase 활성은 오히려 증가 되었으나 $6.9{\mu}g$ 이상인때 활성이 감소되었다. 3. Myofibrillar protein의 ATPase 활성에 $Ca^{++}$ 의 영향은 $3{\mu}g$ 이상을 첨가할때 활성이 현저히 감소되었다. 4. Myofibrillar protein의 ATPase 활성에 $Mg^{++}$의 영향은$3.6{\mu}g$ 을 첨가하면서 활성은 현저히 감소되었다. 사사: 본 실험을 수행하는데 수고한 조교 임경애의 노고에 감사한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2004

It has been reported that osteoporosis induced by the deficiency of estrogens in menopause is associated with the unbalance of Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi levels. Proximal tubule is very important organ to regualte Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi level in the body. However, the effect of estrogens on Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi regulation was not elucidated. Thus, we examined the effect of 17-β estradiol (E₂) on Ca/sup 2+/ and Pi uptake in the primary cultured rabbit renal proxiaml tubule cells. In the present study, E₂(> 10/sup -9/M) decreases Ca/sup 2+/uptake and stimulates Pi uptake over 3 days. E₂-induced decrease of Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulation of Pi uptake were blocked by actinomycin D (a gene transcription inhibitor), cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor). tamoxifen, and progesterone (estrogen receptor antagonists). E₂-induced decrease of Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulation of Pi uptake were blocked by SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), Rp-cAMP (a cAMP antagonist), and PKI (a protein kinase A inhibitor). Indeed, E₂ increased cAMP formation. In addition, E₂-induced decrease of Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulation of Pi uptake were blocked by staurosporine, H-7, and bisindolylmaleimide I (protein kinase C inhibitors) and E₂ translocated PKC from cytoslic fraction to membrane fraction. In conclusion, E₂ decreased Ca/sup 2+/ uptake and stimulated Pi uptake via cAMP and PKC pathway in the PTCs.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1994

분리대두단백(SPI)을 주원료로 마쇄와 여과, 압착 과정을 생략한 두부의 연속적 제조 방법을 위한 기초자료로서 분리대두단백의 보수력과 보유력, 가열시간, 단일응고제 소요량, 혼합응고제에 따른 두부의 텍스쳐 및 수율변화 그리고 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. SPI 분산액의 $100^{\circ}C$에서 가열시간이 길어짐에 따라 $CaCl_{2}$와 GDL응고제 양은 감소하다가 증가하였고, $MgCl_2$는 감소하는 경향이었으며, $CaSO_{4}$는 대조구를 제외하고 큰 차이가 없었다. 응고에 필요한 응고제의 양은 $CaSO_{4}>GDL>MgCl_{2}>CaCl_{2}>$순이었다. 압착두부 제조방법에 의한 두부의 수율은 $CaSO_{4}$로 응고한 두부로 가열시간 6분일 때 가장 높았으며, GDL로 응고한 두부의 수율은 다른 응고제에 비하여 낮았으나 6분에서 약간 높은 수율을 보였고, 이외의 응고제에 의한 두부수율은 가열시간에 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. SPI의 보수력은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 가열시간이 증가함에 따라 크게 감소하였고, 보유력은 9분까지 증가하다가 감소하였다. 또 혼합응고제$(CaSO_{4}-GDL,\;CaSO_{4}-CaCl_{2},\;CaCl_{2}-GDL)$로 응고한 압착두부의 물리적 특성은 $CaCl_{2}$와 GDL 비율이 많아짐에 따라 경두부의 특성을 나타내었다. 최고의 수율은 $CaSO_{4}$ 100% 응고두부였으며, 최소의 수율은 GDL로 응고한 두부였다. 관능검사 결과 $CaSO_{4}$ 비율이 증가함에 따라 부드럽고, 균일한 조직을 얻었으며, GDL과 $CaCl_{2}$의 비율이 많은 혼합응고제로 제조한 두부는 신맛과 쓴맛의 강도가 컸다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2023

정금나무 열매(Fruit of Vaccinum oldhami)를 분리 정제하여 클로로겐산(CA), 퀘르세틴(QT) 및 퀘르시트린(QR)을 얻었다. 전자공여능 측정 결과, CA, QT, QR은 각각 1,000 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 91.9%, 89.9%, 77.4%의 효과를 나타내었다. ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, QT 및 QR은 1,000 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 각각 99.5%, 91.4%를 나타내었으며, CA는 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 90% 이상의 소거능을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 억제 활성 측정 결과, CA, QT, QR은 각각 1,000 ㎍/ml이 농도에서 29.5%, 34.7%, 23.7%의 저해율을 나타내었다. MTT assay를 통해 B16F10의 세포 생존율을 측정한 결과, CA, QT, QR 모두 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 80% 이상의 생존율을 나타내었다. 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과, 농도가 증가함에 따라 CA에서 TRP-1, TRP-2의 단백질 발현이 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 QT에서는 TRP-1, TRP-2 및 tyrosinase에서 우수한 단백질 발현 억제율을 나타내었다. CA의 mRNA 발현 억제율을 측정한 결과, MITF의 mRNA 발현 억제 효과가 우수함을 확인하였으며, TRP-1, TRP-2 및 tyrosinase의 mRNA 발현량은 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. QT는 농도가 증가할수록 MITF, TRP-2, tyrosinase의 mRNA 발현이 감소하였다. QR의 mRNA 발현 억제율을 측정한 결과, 농도가 증가할수록 mRNA 발현량이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이하의 결과에 따라 CA, QT, QR의 항산화 및 미백 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권5
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• pp.598-605
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• 2005

Effects of chitosan-ascorbate(CA) and calcium lactate(CL) on fermentation and quality of squid sikhae were investigated CA and LA were added at $0.5\%$ (designated CA1 and CL1) and $1.0\%$(CA2 and CL2) concentrations, respectively and fermented for 12 days at $10^{\circ}C$. pH of CA-added sikhae was higher than that of control, while acidity of the former was lower than that of the latter. During 12 days of fermentation, CA-added sikhae showed higher protease activity than control by $2.3\~2.6$ times and CL-added sikhae by $2.8\~3.6$ times. At 12 days of fermentation, CA-added sikhae revealed higher protease activity than control by $1.2\~1.4$ times and CL-added sikhae by $1.5\~1.9$ times. CA-added sikhae also showed higher amino-nitrogen content than control by $1.4\~1.7$ times and CL-added sikhae by $1.9\~3.5$ times. In comparison of CA1 with CA2, CA2 showed all higher pH, protease and amylase activity, and amino-nitrogen content than CA1. In analysis of electrophoresis, molecular weights of major proteins in ~w squid were $116.9\~119.0$, 96.5 and 59.3kDa. However, after fermentation for 12 days, a protein band of 119.0kDa disappeared but a new protein band with below 14 kDa appeared in sikhae, especially CA-added sikhae. In sensory evaluation, the intensity of sour taste was the highest for control and the lowest for CA2. Softness of squid was the highest for control and the lowest for CA2. Overall acceptability was the best for CA2. In conclusion, these results suggest use of $1\%$ CA in sikhae preparation as addition of CA(CA2) increased the protease and amylase activity, nitrogen content of amino form, sensory acceptability as well as shelf-life of sikhae.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 1990

pH를 달리한 수용액 및 농도를 달리한 염류수용액에서 들깨종실의 단백질과 phytate의 용해도를 측정하여 단백질로부터 phytate를 제거할 수 있는 조건을 검토하였다. 들깨종실단백질의 용해도는 pH4.0에서 가장 낮은 9.5%로 등전점을 보였고, 그보다 산성 또는 알칼리성쪽으로 갈수록 증가되었다. 반면에 phytate의 용해도는 pH5.0에서 가장 높았으며 그보다 산성 또는 알칼리성쪽으로 갈수록 감소되었다. NaCl 수용액을 처리하였을 때 단백질의 용해도는 pH $3.0{\sim}4.0$ 범위에서 가장 낮았고 pH 6.0 이상에서는 현저히 증가되었다. Phytate의 용해도는 pH$2.0{\sim}5.0$ 범위에서는 약 90%내외로 높았으나 pH6.0 이상에서는 급격히 감소되었다. $Na_2SO_3$ 수용액처리에서는 단백질 용해도가 $pH2.0{\sim}3.0$ 범위에서 가장 낮았고 phytate의 용해도는 $pH5.0{\sim}6.0$에서 최대치를 보였고, 3%의 경우는 전 pH 구간에 걸쳐서 낮았으나 5%와 7%에서는 전 구간에서 높았다. $CaCl_2$ 수용액처리에서는 단백질 용해도가 3% 수용액에서는 전 pH 구간에서 낮았으나 5%와 7%에서는 $pH5.0{\sim}10.0$에서 높은 값을 보였으며 phytate의 용해도는 $pH2.0{\sim}3.0$ 사이에서 최대값을 나타내고 pH4.0이상에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 이상의 결과에서 3% NaCl 용액을 사용하여 pH9.0에서 단백질을 추출하고 pH4.0에서 침전시켰을 때 단백질 수율이 좋고 phytate 잔존량이 가장 적어, 저(低)phytate 분리단백질을 만드는 가장 좋은 조건이었다..

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein source and sulfur amino acid content on bone metabolism in ra. Thirty male rats (body weight 145$\pm$2g) were divided into three groups. The rats in the first group were fed on casein 20% diet as animal protein source and those in the second group were fed on soy 20% diet as plant protein source. Sulfur amino acid ratio of these group was 1.07:1. The rats in the third group were fed on soy 20% diet and the sulfur amino acid were supplemented with the amount contained as much in the soy 20% diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks, The total body, spine, femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Calcium, phosphate, pyridinoline, creatinine in urine and calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin in serum were measured. During the experimental period, plant protein (soy protein) group had a lower urinary Ca excretion, urine pyridinoline ＆ crosslinks value and had a higher Ca efficiency in total bone and femur bone mineral density than animal protein (casein) group. There were no significant differences in serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin among the three groups of the rats. The findings from this study demonstrated that plant protein (soy protein) is beneficial of bone mineral density because it had a higher Ca efficiency in total bone and femur bone mineral density than animal protein (casein). However, the supplementation of sulfur amino acid on soy results were consistent with prior studies that dietary sulfur amino acid load had a negative effect on calcium balance. The rats fed sulfur amino acid supplementation diet increased urinary calcium excretion and decreased calcium efficiency for total and femur mineral density. Therefore, dietary protein source and sulfur amino acid content influence bone metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 100-107, 2004)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2000

The aim to this study was to investigated the effects of family type on the health-related behaviors, food behaviors, and nutrient adequacy ratio of the elderly. Studies were performed on 109 home-bound elderly in a rural area of Asan city, in 1996. Subjects were divided into two groups by their family type, one was single-elderly family(n=58) and the other was extended family(n=51). The results obtained by questionaires and personal interviews as follows. 1) The average age 68.6. They served in primary industry, and 89.1% of responders received less than a primary school education. There was no significant difference by family type. 2) Single-elderly family members themselves felt more negative about their health than extended family members. 3)Each nutrient adequacy ratio of single-elderly family/extended family members was 0.72/0.76 of energy, 0.73/0.76 of protein, 0.59/0.66 of Ca, 0.98/0.99 of Fe, 0.62/0.74 of vitamin A, 0.86/0.87 of thiamin, 0.72/0.73 of riboflavin, 0.71/0.77 of niacin, 0.90/0.91 of ascorbic acid, and 0.76/0.80 of Mar. The NAR of vitamin A of the single-elderly family members was significantly lower than for extended family members(p〈0.05). Energy, protein, Ca, vitamin A, riboflavin showed insufficient intake for both groups. The percentage of INQ〈1 of the single-elderly family/extended family members was 45.6/51.0 of protein, 66.7/66.7 of Ca, 64.9/56.9 of vitamin A. By NAR and INQ, the most insufficient nutrient to the elderly in this rural area was Ca. We there for suggest that it is needed for elderly in rural areas to receive of food that is higher ING of Ca.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.401-407
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 식이단백질 수준이 성장기 흰쥐의 신장 발달과 기능에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 평균체중이 97.5$\pm$1.9g인 숫컷 흰쥐를 5%, 15% 그리고 50% casein 식이로 6주간 사육하였다. 체중증가량은 단백질 수준이 높을수록 높았으며 특히 단백질수준이 신장무게에 미친영향이 간, 비장, 흉선 등이 다른 장기에 비해 컸다. 신장내 총 DNA와 RNA 함량에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 총 protein과 단위 g당 protein 함량은 식이내 단백질수준이 높을 수록 증가했다. 사구체여과율(GFR)은 식이단백질 수준이 높을수록 높았으나 신혈류(RBF)는 각 군 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 뇨질소배설량은 단백질 수준에 비례하여 유의적인 차이를 보였고 노칼슘배설량은 5%군이 낮은 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과로 성장기의 흰쥐에서 고단백식이는 신장의 무게증가를 촉진하며 사구체여과율을 증가시킴을 알 수 있다.