• 제목/요약/키워드: CA

검색결과 18,690건 처리시간 0.037초

고지방식을 섭취한 본태성 고혈압쥐에서 칼슘과 소디움 섭취가 혈압과 무기질 대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Ca and Na Levels on Blood Pressure and Mineral Metabolism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Fed High Fat Diet)

  • 이연숙;김은미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제35권8호
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    • pp.840-847
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    • 2002
  • This study explored the effect of dietary levels of Na and Ca on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed a high fat/cholesterol diet containing three levels of Na (0.05, 0.1, 1.5%) and Ca (0.1, 0.5, 1.5%) for 9 weeks. Body weight gain was not influenced by dietary intake but water intake significantly increased in high Na supplementation. Systolic blood pressure was not influenced by dietary Na and Ca levels but was decreased by dietary low Na/high Ca levels at 9 weeks. Angiotensin-II level was affected by dietary Na level but not by Ca levels. Plasma Ca, Mg, K and Na levels were in the normal range regardless of dietary Na and Ca levels. Weight, and K and Na contents of the heart and kidney were not significantly different among those with different dietary Na and Ca levels. Ca and Mg contents of the heart and kidney were significantly higher in the normal Na/normal Ca group. Ca and Mg in the feces were higher in those with high Ca intake. Na in the feces was higher in those with high Na intake. Therefore, Na and Ca had different mechanisms in the hypertension/hyperlipidemia models, respectively. And we suggested that Mg must be supplemented when Ca intake was high because Mg excretion was increased by Ca supplementation.

Calcium in infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infected fish cell lines

  • Kim, Nam-Shik;Heo, Gnag-Joon;Lee, Chang-Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.253-269
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    • 1996
  • Infection of fish cells with IHNV resulted in gradual increase in cytosolic free Ca$\^$2+/ concentration ([Ca$\^$2+/)] in CHSE, gradual decrease in [Ca$\^$2+/] in FHM, and no significant change in RTG cells. The degree of [Ca$\^$2+/] increase or decrease was dependent on the amount of infectious virus, and these [Ca$\^$2+/] variations were maximal at 16 hours after virus infection (p. i.) in both cell lines. When the fish cells were infected with inactivated IHNV, evident variation in [Ca$\^$2+/] was not observed. Thus, infectivity of IHNV appears to correlate with changes in [Ca$\^$2+/] in virus-infected cells. These IHNV-induced [Ca$\^$2+/] changes were partially blocked by cycloheximide, but not affected by cordycepin. It seems to be that virus-induced Ca$\^$2+/ variations were more related with protein synthesis than RNA synthesis. Various Ca$\^$2+/ related drugs were used in search for the mechanisms of the [Ca$\^$2+/], changes following IHNV infection of CHSE cells. Decreasing extracellular Ca$\^$2+/ concentration or blocking Ca$\^$2+/ influx from extracellular media inhibited the IHNV-induced increase in [Ca$\^$2+/], in CHSE cells. Similar results were obtained with intracellular Ca$\^$2+/ sources are important in IHNV-induced [Ca$\^$2+/] increase in CHSE cells.

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칼슘/칼모듈린-의존성 단백질 키나아제 I 키나아제에 의한 칼슘/칼모듈린-의존성 단백질 키나아제 Ia의 활성화에 따른 효소반응 특성의 변화 (Changes in Kinetic Properties of $Ca^{2+}$/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase la Activated by $Ca^{2+}$/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase I Kinase)

  • 조정숙
    • 약학회지
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.773-781
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    • 1997
  • The activity of $Ca^{2+}$calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase Ia (CaM kinase Ia) is shown to be regulated through direct phosphorylation by CaM kinase I kinase (CaMK IK). In the present study, three distinct CaMKIK peaks were separated from Q-Sepharose colunm chromatography of pig brain homogenate using a Waters 650 Protein Purification System. The purified CaMKIK from the major peak potently and rapidly enhanced CaM kinase Ia activity, reaching a maximal stimulation within 2min at the concentrations of 12-15nM. The activated state of CaM kinase Ia is characterized by a markedly enhanced $V_{max}4 as well as significantly decreased $K_m\;and\;K_a$ values toward peptide substrate and CaM, respectively. These observations suggest the activation process of CaM kinase Ia. The phosphorylation of CaM kinase Ia by CaMKIK may induce its conformational change responsible for the alterations in the kinetic properties, which ultimately leads to the rapid enzyme activation.

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골격근 microsome 의 ATMase 의 활성, 골이이오나용, 및 Ca 흡수작용에 관한 연구 (Studies on the ATpase Activity , Relaxing Activity and Calcium Uptake of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Microsomes)

  • 하두봉
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1967
  • 토끼의 골격근 homogenate에서 23,000$\times$G, 60 분간의 원심분리와 얻은 근 microsome의 ATPase 활성, 근수축에 대한 이완작용, 및 Ca 의 흡수작용을 여러 가지 조건에서 측정하였다. ATPase 활성은 Ca++ Mg++ 양 이온의 존재에 의하여 활성화되며 , 5 mM Mg++ 의 존재하에서는 Ca++ 의 최적농도는 0.1mM이다. Oxalate의 존재하에서는 1 mM 의 Ca++ 이 최적농도이므로 oxalate의 작용은 불용성 Ca-oxalate의 작용은 불용성 Ca-oxalate를 microsome vesicle so 및 medium 내에 침전시켜 유리 Ca++ 농도를 저하시키는 것이라고 생각된다. Microsome의 이완작용은 조제후 120 시간까지 시간에 따라 감소되어 가나, 그이 ATPase 활성은 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 보아 Ca++ + Mg++ -의존성 ATPase 는 이완작용에는 직접 관련이 없는 것으로 해석된다. Oxalatedmlwhswo는 microsome의 Ca++ 흡수량을 현저히 증대시키며 동시에 흡수포화에 도달하는 시간을 지연시킨다. Oxalate의 이러한 효과도 Ca-oxalate의 형성에 기인하는 것으로 해석된다. Microsome 내에 축적되는 Ca 의 량은 ATP 농도가 커질수록 많아진다. 그러나 축적된 Ca 의 량과 ATP 농도사이에 화학정량론적 관계는 없는 것같다.

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[$Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ Exchange Curtails $Ca^{2+}$before Its Diffusion to Global $Ca^{2+}{_i}$ in the Rat Ventricular Myocyte

  • Ahn, Sung-Wan;Ko, Chang-Mann
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 2005
  • In the heart, $Na^{+}-Ca^{2+}$ exchange (NCX) is the major $Ca^{2+}$ extrusion mechanism. NCX has been considered as a relaxation mechanism, as it reduces global $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ raised during activation. However, if NCX locates in the close proximity to the ryanodine receptor, then NCX would curtail $Ca^{2+}$ before its diffusion to global $Ca^{2+}_i$ This will result in a global $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ decrease especially during its ascending phase rather than descending phase. Therefore, NCX would decrease the myocardial contractility rather than inducing relaxation in the heart. This possibility was examined in this study by comparing NCX-induced extrusion of $Ca^{2+}$ after its release from SR in the presence and absence of global $Ca^{2+}_i$ transient in the isolated single rat ventricular myocytes by using patch-clamp technique in a whole-cell configuration. Global $Ca^{2+}_i$ transient was controlled by an internal dialysis with different concentrations of BAPTA added in the pipette. During stimulation with a ramp pulse from +100 mV to -100 mV for 200 ms, global $Ca^{2+}_i$ transient was suppressed only mildly, and completely at 1 mmol/L, and 10 mmol/L BAPTA, respectively. In these situations, ryanodine-sensitive inward NCX current was compared using $100{\mu}mol/L$ ryanodine, $Na^+$ depletion, 5 mmol/L $NaCl_2$ and $1{\mu}mol/L$ nifedipine. Surprisingly, the result showed that the ryanodine-sensitive inward NCX current was well preserved after 10 mmol/L BAPTA to 91 % of that obtained after 1 mmol/L BAPTA. From this result, it is concluded that most of the NCX-induced $Ca^{2+}$ extrusion occurs before the $Ca^{2+}$ diffuses to global $Ca^{2+})i$ in the rat ventricular myocyte.

정상생활을 하는 고혈압 여성에 있어서 일상적인 나트륨, 칼슘 섭취습관이 혈압조절 관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Habitual Calcium and Sodium Intakes on Blood Pressure Regulating Hormone in Free-Liveing Hypertensive Women)

  • 박정아;윤진숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.409-416
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    • 2001
  • In order to evaluate the effect of habitual Na and Ca intake on blood pressure regulation, we measured the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca, urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive and total subjects were divided into four groups according to habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca as low Na-low Ca(LNLC), low Na-high Ca(LNHC), high Na-low Ca(HNLC), and high Na-high Ca(HNHC). HNLC hypertensive group showed the lowest level of plasma renin activity, 25-(OH) Vit D$_3$, calcitonin and serum total Ca, and presented the highest level of PTH and urinary excretions of Na/K and Ca/Cr. There were no significant difference in plasma level of aldosterone and urinary excretion of Na and K among four hypertensive groups. When all subjects were divided into four groups according to the same method, HNLC group showed the highest level of blood pressure with no statistical significance and the lowest level of calcitonin and total serum Ca. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone has a mutual relationship in hypertension. Na and Ca may interact each other, rather than affecting independently blood pressure control. As a result, considering the fact that daily balance of Na and Ca intakes affects Na and Ca regulating hormones and urinary excretion of Na and Ca, it may be involved in blood pressure control. These results suggest that maintaining an adequate intake of Ca with less intake of Na may prevent from the risk of hypertension. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 409~416, 2001)

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Acetylcholine Induces Hyperpolarization Mediated by Activation of $K_{(ca)}$ Channels in Cultured Chick Myoblasts

  • Lee, Do-Yun;Han, Jae-Hee;Park, Jae-Yong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2005
  • Our previous report demonstrated that chick myoblasts are equipped with $Ca^{2+}$-permeable stretchactivated channels and $Ca^{2+}-activated$ potassium channels ($K_{Ca}$), and that hyperpolarization-induced by $K_{Ca}$ channels provides driving force for $Ca^{2+}$ influx through the stretch-activated channels into the cells. Here, we showed that acetylcholine (ACh) also hyperpolarized the membrane of cultured chick myoblasts, suggesting that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) may be another pathway for $Ca^{2+}$ influx. Under cell-attatched patch configuration, ACh increased the open probability of $K_{Ca}$ channels from 0.007 to 0.055 only when extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ was present. Nicotine, a nAChR agonist, increased the open probability of $K_{Ca}$ channels from 0.008 to 0.023, whereas muscarine failed to do so. Since the activity of $K_{Ca}$ channel is sensitive to intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level, nAChR seems to be capable of inducing $Ca^{2+}$ influx. Using the $Ca^{2+}$ imaging analysis, we were able to provide direct evidence that ACh induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx from extracellular solution, which was dramatically increased by valinomycin-mediated hyperpolarization. In addition, ACh hyperpolarized the membrane potential from $-12.5{\pm}3$ to $-31.2{\pm}5$ mV by generating the outward current through $K_{Ca}$ channels. These results suggest that activation of nAChR increases $Ca^{2+}$ influx, which activates $K_{Ca}$ channels, thereby hyperpolarizing the membrane potential in chick myoblasts.

Uniform CA와 90/150 Hybrid CA의 합성 (Synthesis of Uniform CA and 90/150 Hybrid CA)

  • 김한두;조성진;최언숙;권민정;공길탁
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.293-302
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문에서는 전이규칙이 모두 102인 Uniform CA(Uniform Cellular Automata, UCA) $\mathbb{C}_u$와 특성다항식이 $(x+1)^m$인 m-셀 90/150 hybrid CA $\mathbb{C}_h$를 합성한 CA의 특성을 분석한다. 먼저 $\mathbb{C}_u$로부터 유도된 여원 그룹 CA의 사이클 구조를 분석하고 이를 통해 모든 사이클의 길이가 같아지는 여원 CA의 조건을 제시한다. 그리고 $\mathbb{C}_u$$\mathbb{C}_h$를 합성한 CA $\mathbb{C}$의 최소다항식이 $(x+1)^q$일 때 $(T+I)^{q-1}F{\neq}0$을 만족하는 F를 여원벡터로 택하여 구성한 여원 그룹 CA $\mathbb{C}^{\prime}$의 사이클 구조를 분석한다.

초석잠(Stachys sieboldii Miq.) 분말의 첨가량을 달리한 쌀 영양바의 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of Rice Nutritional Bars Containing Different Levels of Chinese Artichoke (Stachys sieboldii Miq.) Powder)

  • 주신윤;최해연
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of rice nutritional bars prepared by adding Chinese artichoke (CA) powder to the rice powder. Methods: CA rice nutritional bars were prepared with various levels of CA powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and designated as CA0 (without CA powder), CA5, CA10, CA15, and CA20, respectively. The total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, moisture content, pH, baking loss rate, leavening rate, volume, color, texture analysis, and sensory evaluations of rice nutritional bars were performed. Results: The total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity exhibited an increase with increase in the substitute amount of CA powder. The results showed that the pH of rice nutritional bars decreased in all sample groups as the content of CA powder increased. The volume of the sample group with CA powder was higher than that of CA0. As the content of CA powder increased, lightness of the rice nutritional bars crumbs decreased while redness and yellowness increased. The texture analysis of rice nutritional bars showed that hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were the highest in CA0 while springiness and cohesiveness were the lowest in CA0. With respect to characteristic intensity rating, the taste, flavor, and softness of rice nutritional bars increased with increasing amounts of CA powder. In terms of consumer acceptability, CA15 and CA20 received the highest scores with respect to texture. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this study indicate that replacing 15% of the rice powder with CA led to an efficient enhancement in the antioxidant and nutritional values of rice nutritional bars as well as the sensory quality.

대칭 1차원 5-이웃 CA 기반의 키 수열 생성기 설계 (Design of Key Sequence Generators Based on Symmetric 1-D 5-Neighborhood CA)

  • 최언숙;김한두;강성원;조성진
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.533-540
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    • 2021
  • 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 1차원 3-이웃 셀룰라 오토마타(Cellular Automata, 이하 CA) 기반의 의사 난수 생성기가 여러 분야에서 많이 응용되고 있다. 보다 더 효과적인 키 수열 생성을 위해 2차원 CA와 1차원 5-이웃 CA가 응용되었으나, 주어진 특성 다항식에 대응하는 대칭 1차원 5-이웃 CA를 설계하는 것은 매우 어려운 문제이다. 이를 해결하기 위해 특성 다항식의 점화식을 이용한 합성 방법, Krylov 행렬을 이용한 합성 방법과 같이 1차원 5-이웃 CA 합성에 관한 연구들이 진행되었다. 그러나 여전히 비선형 방정식을 풀어야 하는 문제점이 있었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 최근 90/150 CA의 전이 행렬과 블록행렬을 이용한 1차원 5-이웃 CA 합성 방법이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 알고리즘의 이론적인 과정을 상세히 기술하고 그 알고리즘을 이용하여 높은 차수의 원시 다항식에 대응하는 대칭 1차원 5-이웃 CA를 구한다.