• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.1826-1835
• /
• 2019

Objective: Testicular growth and development are strongly influenced by androgen. Although both testis weight and plasma testosterone level are inherited traits, the interrelationship between them is not fully established. Males of DDD/Sgn (DDD) mice are known to have extremely heavy testes and very high plasma testosterone level among inbred mouse strains. We dissected the genetic basis of testis weight and analyzed the potential influence of plasma testosterone level in DDD mice. Methods: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of testis weight was performed with or without considering the influence of plasma testosterone level in reciprocal $F_2$ intercross populations between DDD and C57BL/6J (B6) mice, thereby assessing the influence of testosterone on the effect of testis weight QTL. Candidate genes for testis weight QTL were investigated by next-generation sequencing analysis. Results: Four significant QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 8, 14, and 17. The DDDderived allele was associated with increased testis weight. The $F_2$ mice were then divided into two groups according to the plasma testosterone level ($F_2$ mice with relatively "low" and "high" testosterone levels), and QTL scans were again performed. Although QTL on chromosome 1 was shared in both $F_2$ mice, QTL on chromosomes 8 and 17 were identified specifically in $F_2$ mice with relatively high testosterone levels. By whole-exome sequencing analysis, we identified one DDD-specific missense mutation Pro29Ser in alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (Atat1). Conclusion: Most of the testis weight QTL expressed stronger phenotypic effect when they were placed on circumstance with high testosterone level. High testosterone influenced the QTL by enhancing the effect of DDD-derived allele and diminishing the effects of B6-derived allele. Since Pro29Ser was not identified in other inbred mouse strains, and since Pro29 in Atat1 has been strongly conserved among mammalian species, Atat1 is a plausible candidate for testis weight QTL on chromosome 17.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.137.2-137.2
• /
• 2003

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to professional antigen presenting cell (APC). Due to the role as an effective activator of cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by expressing MHC, adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules, DCs are now widely recognized to play an important role in the immune responses to tumors.We investigated the effect of cultured DCs in murine melanoma pulmonary metastasis model. To follow the metastasis protocol, syngenic melanoma cells were inoculated intra-venously into the mouse (B16F10 into the C57BL/6)8 days prior to the first DC injection (1$\times$106 DCs/ mouse, i.p.) and the autologous tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected as a therapeutic module twice in two weeks. (omitted)

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Kamigumgusingihwan(KGSH) studies have ken done. The results were obtained as follows: 1. KGSH extracts exhibited a weak cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, B16-F10, and SK-MEL-2 cell lines. But exhibited potent cytotoxicity against P388 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. 2. The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549, to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of KGSH 3. KGSH extracts showed a weak inhibitoty effect on DNA topo-isomerase I from calf thymus. 4. The T/C% was 137% in KGSH treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in KGSH treated group as compared with control group. 6. In hematological changes in B16-BL6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC were decreased insignificantly in KGSH treated groups, and also those of platelet were increased insignificantly in KGSH treated groups as compared with control. 7. In CAM assay, KGSH extracts inhibited angiogenesis at $15{\mu}g/egg $concentration significantly as compared with control. Taken together these results, it is strongly demonstrated that KGSH significantly suppressed tumor metastasis by blocking cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. Therefore, KGSH is expected to be clinically a potent antimetastatic drug for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.22
• /
• pp.85-100
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This research was executed to verify antitumor effect and protective effect on doxorubicin(Doxo)-induced toxicity of Cultivated Wild Ginseng(CWG) and synergic effect of CWG with Doxo in B16/F10 melanomas-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Methods : To evaluate protective effect on doxorubicin(Doxo)-induced toxicity and enhancing effect on the antitumor activity of Doxo, CWG water extract(0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected for 10 days, in combination with intraperitoneal injection of Doxo(4 mg/kg) on days 12, 16, 19, to mice subcutaneously inoculated with $2{\times}10^6/ml$ B16/F10 melanoma cells. In order to investigate antitumor effect of CWG, CWG water extract(0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected for 10 days to mice subcutaneously inoculated with $2{\times}10^6/ml$ B16/F10 melanoma cells. Results : The body weights of melanoma-bearing mice increased following B16/F10 cells inoculation. In contrast, such an increase in body weights was significantly attenuated by Doxo administration. Whereas CWG inhibits the decrease in body weights induced by Doxo. The tumor volume and tumor weights of melanomas-bearing mice dramatically increased following B16/F10 cells inoculation, In contrast, such an increase in tumor volume and tumor weights were significantly attenuated by Doxo or CWG administration. But the synergic effect of CWG with Doxo was not observed. The reduction of cellularity of seminiferous epithelia, level of spermatogonium and spermatid induced by Doxo was recovered by CWG administration. BrdU labeling index of spermatogonium was remarkably decreased in Doxo group but was no change in CWG group. Whereas the incidence and intensity of BrdU labelled spermatocytes and spermatids were increased by CWG administration than those of Doxo group. Conclusions : The obtained results suggest that CWG have antitumor effect and protective effect on doxo-induced testicular toxicity. This effect might be mediated through the supplementation of vital energy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.1281-1291
• /
• 2005

Chungpae-tang is suggested to have the antitumor activity on lung cancer. This study was peformed to investigate apoptotic effect in vitro and antitumor effect and immune response after injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells and Chungpae-tang into a tail vein of C57BL/6 mice and administratition of Chungpae-tang in A549 human lung cancer cell line in vivo, respectively. Experimental studies were obtained by measuring the median survival time and cytokine expression through RT-PCR, and ELISA assay. The results were summarized as follows: 5 mg/ml of Chungpae-tang causing DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 enzyme activation, PARP fragmentation, and cytochrome c release, suggested that Chungpae-tang has in vitro apoptotic effect in A549 human lung cancer cell line in the apoptosis-induced experiment. The median survival time of the Chungpae-tang treated group was 21 days and that of control group was 22 days, suggesting that the median survival time between the Chungpae-tang treated group and the control group was not significant. Cytokine expression between the Chungpae-fang treated group and the control group was noticeable, but was not significant in the RT-PCR. In the ELISA assay, IL-2 productivity in the Chungpae-tang treated group was to increase more than that in the normal group (p<0.05) and was no significant between the Chungpae-tang treated group and the control group. $INF-\gamma$ productivity of the control group decreased more than that of the normal group (p<0.05) and that of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the control group (p<0.05). IL-12 productivity of the control group increased more than that of the normal group (p<0.05) and that of the Chungpae-tang-treated group decreased more than that of the control group (p<0.05) and the normal group. IL-4 productivity of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the normal group and the control group (p<0.05). IL-10 productivity of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the normal group and the control group (p<0.05). Accordingly the results show Chungpae-tang could induce apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cell line and bring to antitumor effect and immune response against injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells into a tail vein of C57BL/6 mice but it needs more research on the precise mechanism of such effects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2004

In order to evaluate the antitumor activity and immunomodulatory effects of Seoleosojong-tang(SST), studies were done. We measured the cytotoxic activity for various kinds of cancer cells, inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I, cell adhesion to complex extracellular matrix, survival time in ICR bearing S-180, pulmonary colonization and histological changes of lung in C57BL/6 injected i.v. with B16-F10, CAM assay, expression of CD4/sup +/, CD8/sup +/, B220/sup +/, cytokine gene in spleen cell. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against A549, HT1080, 816-F10, NCL-H661 was showed cytotoxicity as compared with control. 2. The inhibitory effect on adhesion of A549, 816-F10 to complex extracellular matrix was over 40% at 100 ㎍/㎖ of SST. 3. In DNA topoisomerase I assay, SST has inhibitory effect. 4. The T/C% was 120.8 in SST treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies were decreased significantly and histological changes were showed that infiltration area of cancer cells were inhibited effectively in SST treated group. 6. In CAM Assay, SST has antiangiogenic effect. 7. On the expression of positive cell to CD4/sup +/, CD8/sup +/ and 8220/sup +/ in spleen cells, CD4/sup +/ cells were increased significantly in SST treated group. 8. Effect of SST on IL-1β gene expression in splenic cell was significantly increased as function of whole concentration. 9. The gene expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α were increased in SST treated group. From above results SST could be usefully applied for antitumor activity and immunomodulatory effects, but further research of SST should be required.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 1992

Development in vitro of 2-cell mouse embryos was examined after appropriate exposure to oviductal milieu to demonstrate biological activity present in the oviducts. ICR and ($C57Bl/6{\times}Balb/c$) $F_1$ hybrid mice were superovulated and mated for the recovery of early embryos. Embryos were recoverd at every 2h intervals from 32h post-hCG(hph) to 56 hph. The proportions of developmental stages were determined in the recovered embryos. Development in vitro of 2-cell embryos was more rapid in $F_1$ hybrid than in ICR, showing high proportions of 4-cell embryo and blastocyst at 120 hph. 100% of blastocyst development was obtained at 38hph in $F_1$ hybrid and at 50 hph in ICR when 2-cell embryos were cultured upto 120hph in vitro. Moreover, in vitro culture of oviducts containing 2-cell embryos in ICR mice for 12h from 34hph to 46hph increased developmental capacity of ICR mouse embryo in vitro. The results indicate that oviductal environment contains substances having mitogenic activity and overcoming early cell block in vitro. The mitogenic activity is effective in vitro as well as in vivo.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2005

Background: To perform the successful dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy one of the main issues to be solved is the source of antigen for DC pulsing. Limitations occur by using auto-tumor lysate due to the difficulties obtaining enough tumor tissue(s) quantitatively as well as qualitatively. In this study the possibility of allogeneic tumor cell lysate as a DC pulsing antigen has been tested in mouse melanoma pulmonary me tastasis model. Methods: B16F10 melanoma cells $(1{\timeS}10^5/mouse)$ were inoculated intra venously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 (1,000 U/ml each) for 7 days and pulsed with lysate of either autologous B16F10 (B-DC), allogeneic K1735 (C3H/He origin; K-DC) or CloneM3 (DBA2 origin; C-DC) melanoma cells for 18 hrs. Pulsed-DCs $(1{\times}10^6/mouse)_{[CGP1]}$ were injected i.p. twice with one week interval starting from the day 1 after tumor cell inoculation. Results: Without observable toxicity, allogeneic tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC induced the significantly better anti-tumor response (tumor scale: $2.7{\pm}0.3,\;0.7{\pm}0.3\;and\;0.3{\pm}0.2$ for saline, B-DC and C-DC treated group, respectively). Along with increased tumor specific lymphocyte proliferations, induction of IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion against both auto- and allo-tumor cell lysates was observed from the DC treated mice. (w/B16F10-lysate: $44.97{\pm}10.31,\;1787.94{\pm}131.18,\;1257.15{\pm}48.27$, w/CloneM3 lysate: 0, $1591.13{\pm}1.83,\;1460.47{\pm}86.05pg/ml$ for saline, B-DC and C-DC treated group, respectively) Natural killer cell activity was also increased in the mice treated with tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC ($8.9{\pm}_{[CGP2]}0.1,\;11.6{\pm}0.8\;and\;12.6{\pm}0.7%$ specific NK activity for saline, B-DC and C-DC treated group, respectively). Conclusion: Conclusively, promising data were obtained that allogeneic-tumor cell lysate can be used as a tumor antigen for DC-based cancer immunotherapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 2001

Objective : This study was purposed to investigate the anti-cancer and anti-metastasis and immune response of Aqua-acupuncture with Amomum amarum Lourerio infusion solution. Methods : The Amomum amarum Lourerio infusion solution put into Chung-wan(CV12) of BALB/c or C57BL6 mice were rised to cancer by B15-F10 and HT1080, S-180 cancer cell line. Results : The following result have been obtained 1. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene about the HT1080 cancer cell line was increased in 100, $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ diluent groups, compared with control group. 2. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene about the B15-F10 cancer cell line was increased in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 3. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight inctease in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4. The effect on spleen cell proliferation was decreased in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 5. The $IFN-{\gamma}$ in all the sample groups and the $TNF-{\alpha}$ in 25 and $12.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ diluent groups was increased. 6. In flow cytometry, the number of CD4+, CD19+ cell in all the sample group was increased and the number of CD8+ cell in $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ diluent group, compared with control group. Conclusion : According to the result, Aqua-acupuncture with Amomum amarum Lourerio infusion solution has significant anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2008

These days there is a constant possibility of exposure to UV radiation which can cause abnormal production of melanin and result in skin disease such as hyperpigmentation and melanoma. Many materials were investigated for skin whitening and protection against UV radiation. In this study, we assessed the melanogenesis inhibitory activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG, Ginseng Radix Rubra) and Ginkgo (EGb 761 Ginkgo Biloba) in an attempt to develop a new skin whitening agent derived from natural products. B16F10 melanoma cells were treated for 48 hr with KRG and EGb 761. The inhibitory effect on melanogenesis was measured and related cytokines and proteins expression were also investigated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In addition, we also assessed the effects of these substances on the skin of C57BL/6 mice. Cell growth, melanin content and tyrosinase activity were inhibited effectively in B16F10 melanoma cells treated with KRG and EGb 761. Moreover, tyrosinase mRNA expression was inhibited clearly and melanogenesis related proteins (MRPs) containing tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2 were also reduced by KRG and EGb761, while cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were induced. In the case of UV irradiated mice, we observed induction of cytokine mRNA levels and reduction of MRPs mRNA expression. In addition, a decrease in pigmentation from treatment with KRG and EGb 761 on the skin of mice was observed. These results indicate that KRG and EGb 761 inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and have display protective activities against UVB. Therefore, we suggest that KRG and EGb 761 are good candidates to be used as whitening agents and UVB protectors for the skin.