• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.346-348
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• 2008

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 1985

Two Korean species of Centroceras K tzing, Ceramiaceae was investigated taxonomically. C. clavulatum (Ag.) Montagne collected at several sited along the coast of Korea was characterized by regular dischotomous branches with whorl spines at every node, whereas, C. distichum Okamura collected at Soando in the southern coast was by alternate branches with gland cells around nodes. Biogeographic data show that Korea is almost northern limit in distribution of the former species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1991

Codonopsis lanceolata and C.pilosula medicinal plants were subjected to preliminary antitumor screening test with Sarcoma 180 ascites and screning on V-79 cell. This ex-periments Iwere conducted in accordance with the Total packed cell Volume methodand Cytotoxicity method .

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.237-241
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• 2009

The objective of our study was the evaluation of pathogenicity of a local strain of Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus-K1 (MabrNPV-K1) derived from a diseased larva of M. brassicae found in Korea. The effect of temperature and larval instar on the pathogenicity and production of MabrNPV-K1 was determined under laboratory conditions. The median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) values of MabrNPV-K1 for 3rd instar larvae were $3.7\times10^4$ PIBs/larva at $20^{\circ}C$, $9.9\times10^2$ PIBs/larva at $25^{\circ}C$ and $3.8\times10^2$ PIBs/larva at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The $LC_{50}$ for the 4th instar larvae was similar to that for the 3rd instar larvae. However, the pathogenicity to the 3rd instar larvae was higher than that to the 4th instar larvae. The median lethal time ($LT_{50}$) values of MabrNPV-K1 were 11.4 to 5.0 days at $30^{\circ}C$ and 18.3 to 5.5 days at $25^{\circ}C$ for the 3rd instar larvae. The $LT_{50}$ value was lowered as temperature went up to $30^{\circ}C$ and dependent on viral concentration. In production efficiency of MabrNPV-K1 using M. brassicae larvae, the mortality of the 3rd instar larvae was 100% when inoculated with $1.0\times10^5$ PIBs/larva and the yield of MabrNPV-K1 was maximal. Regarding the mortality, yield of polyhedra, inoculation doses and required time, the $1.0\times10^4$PIBs/larva at $30^{\circ}C$ was determined as optimal conditions producing polyhedra efficiently.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2011

We investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts obtained from Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke. The ethanol extracts of S. lappa C.B. Clarke were fractionated with various solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol). The antimicrobial activity of S. lappa C.B. Clarke was examined by disc-diffusion and micro-dilution susceptibility assays with six food-borne pathogens, and compared to that of the synthetic antibiotics. It is found that the S. lappa C.B. Clarke ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction have strong activity against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus strains compared to ampicillin. The inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of hexane fraction against L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, and B. subtilis were 62.5, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. Therefore, these data suggest that S. lappa C.B. Clarke may be useful as antimicrobial agents against food-borne pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.5 s.118
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• pp.70-75
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of difference in urban tree plantings on microclimate amelioration, and to suggest essential information for quantifying urban energy budgets and energy savings. This study was focused on measuring and analyzing air temperature and relative humidity in summer. Daytime air temperatures at places with 8%, 24%, 44%, 79%, and 100% cover of woody plants were, respectively, $0.6^{\circ}C,\;1.3^{\circ}C,\;2.4^{\circ}C,\;3.5^{\circ}C,\;and\;4.8^{\circ}C$ cooler, compared to a place with 0% cover. A 10% increase of woody plant cover was estimated to reduce the temperature by approximately $0.55^{\circ}C$. The temperature reduction effects were relatively greater between places with lower cover of woody plants than between those with higher cover. Woody plant cover and crown volume were the appropriate indicators which quantified the effects of tree plantings on air temperatures, based on the correlation analysis. Regression equations to estimate temperature change ($Y:^{\circ}C$) using woody plant cover ($X_1:%$) or crown volume ($X_2:m^3$) as independent variables are as follows: $$1nY=3.3233-0.0018X_1\;(r^2=0.99,\;p<0.0001)\;Y=27.5297-0.0019X_2\;(r^2=0.96,\;p=0.0007)$$

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2021

Invasive alien species management is pivotal for biodiversity conservation. Commelina caroliniana Walter, from the family Commelinaceae, is an alien plant native to the Himalayas and India, but it has been widely introduced around the world, including in the United States, Brazil, Philippines, and Japan. In Korea, the first population was found growing adjacent to agricultural land and farm roads on Jejudo Island, and field observations confirmed the presence of at least nine populations there. It is similar morphologically to C. diffusa Burm. f. but can be distinguished by involucral bracts that are ciliate at the base, hairs on the peduncle and obsolete upper cincinnus, brown spots on its 4-lobed antherode, and seed surfaces that are smooth to slightly alveolate. It was determined to have an invasiveness low score of 8 according to the Korean 'Invasive Alien Plant Risk Assessment', suggesting that it may spread to natural habitats. Although the current distribution of C. caroliniana is restricted to Jeju-si, it has spread dramatically in many other areas of the world. At present, it has had a limited impact on the local environment, but local and regulatory authorities should pay close attention to this plant and take measures to prevent its expansion in the future.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

To develop molecular markers linked to the $L^4$ locus conferring resistance to tobamovirus pathotypes in pepper plants, we performed AFLP with 512 primer combinations for susceptible (S pool) and resistant (R pool) DNA bulks against pathotype 1.2 of pepper mild mottle virus. Each bulk was made by pooling the DNA of five homozygous individuals from a T10 population, which was a near-isogenic $BC_4F_2$ generation for the $L^4$ locus. A total of 19 primer pairs produced scorable bands in the R pool. Further screening with these primer pairs was done on DNA bulks from T102, a $BC_{10}F_2$ derived from T10 by back crossing. Three AFLP markers were finally selected and designated L4-a, L4-b and L4-c. L4-a and L4-c each underwent one recombination event, whereas no recombination for L4-b was seen in 20 individuals of each DNA bulk. Linkage analysis of these markers in 112 $F_2$ T102 individuals showed that they were each within 2.5 cM of the $L^4$ locus. L4-b was successfully converted into a simple 340-bp SCAR marker, designated L4SC340, which mapped 1.8 cM from the $L^4$ locus in T102 and 0.9 cM in another $BC_{10}F_2$ population, T101. We believe that this newly characterized marker will improve selection of tobamovirus resistance in pepper plants by reducing breeding cost and time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2008

Two orchid species of Calanthe discolor Lindl. and C. discolor for. sieboldii (Decne.) Ohwi, which have different form flower color and size. They were crossed in mid April by artificial pollination, and the F1 hybrid seeds were collected mid October. Germination of seeds was investigated on pre-treatment of seeds and under the various environmental conditions. Germination was promoted by moisture absorption and ultrasonic treatment of seeds. Dark culture of F1 hybrid seeds enhanced germination and protocorm formation, and development into seedlings compared with light culture. Although, plant growth regulators such as NAA and BA had a slightly promotive effect on seed germination and protocorm growth, regenerated seeding were showed abnormal growth patterns. Regenerated F1 hybrid plantlets were successfully transferred to pot.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify plant-parasitic nematodes and determine the distribution pattern of the nematode species in citrus fruit orchards in Korea from April to August, 2008. Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 139 among 178 soil samples. Tylenchulus semipenetrans was collected from 85 out of 94 Citrus unshiu orchards examined (90.4%). C. junos orchards infested with T. semipenetrans were 60 out of 84 (71.4%). However, proportion of dominant species between the two was different. At domestic Citrus orchards, it proved that T. semipenetrans was the most important plant-parasitic nematode from this study. The overall frequency of the plant-parasitic nematodes was positively correlated with the cultivation years. More alkaline soils tended to harbor more T. semipenetrans. However the correlation coefficient between the two was very low.