• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2003

It is known as that onion is antioxidation effect, antibiotic effect, blood pressure decreasing effect and reducing serum cholesterol levels. This research about effect that onion concentrate gets blood cholesterol levels and body composition. Subject was 17 adult men of hyperlipidemia. Age distribution of investigation subjects were average 49.4 years old by 40~56 years old, and average height and weight were 167.6cm and 75.5kg each, BMI was 26.9kg/$m^2$, and BMR was 1,460.6$\pm$87.5㎉, and AMC was 25.0$\pm$1.05cm, and BCM was 41.0$\pm$2.79cm. In the meantime, the body muscle was 53.7$\pm$3.7kg, and fat mass was 18.7$\pm$3.8kg, and intracellular fluid was 26.6$\pm$1.8kg, and extracellular fluid was 12.8$\pm$0.9kg. The % body fat was 24.6$\pm$3.8%, and fat distribution was 0.9$\pm$0.0%, and the obesity degree was 125.4$\pm$8.2%. Vegetables, seaweeds, fruits and juices increased by change of dietary life and greasy foods, instants, breads, rices etc. decreased or there was no change, fast foods and eggs were no change. Also, subject previewed that guidance about stress, smoking, drinking and beverage intake need. If compared the nutrient intake amount with before onion concentrate allowance, it was similar level almost without significant. Energy, calcium and riboflavin are lower than the RDA for koreans. After 3 months, the levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides had decreased significantly : 15.0%, 31.2% respectively. And the HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels also showed a marked reduction of 6.8%, 8.7% respectively. Plasma lipid level change by onion concentrate supplement would can know that case of triglyceride more greatly than plasma cholesterol. The pH and Na+ level of plasma were low significant since 8 weeks after, and $K^{+}$ level increase significant. While $Ca^{++}$ level was low significant after 1 month, there was no change since 2 months after, but nC $a^{++}$ level was low significantly. Plasma $Mg^{++}$ level was no change and nM $g^{++}$ level was low significant after intake.e.e.e.e.e.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2001

Fruit growth in kiwifruit shows double sigmoid curve, but it does not certainly indicate as years. Therefore, I though the reason to be easy to the effect of water state change in kiwifruit, investigated diurnal change in water status of fruit tissues with an isoipiestic psychrometers against the fruit growth stage of kiwifruit in 1995 and 1996. Diurnal change in the fruit tissue water potential were little, but violent for fruti growth state III in 1996. The potential of two years dropped gradually approach to harvest time. On the other hand, osmotic potential of the tissues indicated to very similar to water potential, dropped rapidly -1.5MPa before dawn, recovered -1 MPa after 3 h on October 14, were -1~-1.7 MPa at the fruit commercial harvest in 1995. It had a tendency to lower in 1996 than in 1995. It was recorded to the minimum air temperature at the first for an autumn in 1995; 13$^{\circ}C$ from the middle night of October 13 to dawn of October 14. Leaves water potential, which is related to water status of xylem, nearly fell below -1 MPa at before dawn from stage II in 1996. However, it fell so low only at commercial in 1995. At the stage II, osmotic potential and ascent of the turgor pressure was high than 1995-fruit. There parameter suggested that three of kiwifruit in 1996 were status of water stress for stage III. The results from this study indicated that difference of fruit growth between 1995-fruit and 1996-fruit was affected by water status of the fruit tissues, which was influenced by weather condition.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.262-271
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to estimate shear bond strength according to difference in Targis surface treatment and storage condition. 140 non-carious extracted human molars and Targis D210(Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) were used in the present study and were divided into 7 experimental groups respectively according to surface treatment of Targis. Group 1 ; No treatment, Group 2 ; $50{\mu}m$ aluminium oxide blasting, Group 3 ; 4% HF etching for 3 minutes, Group 4 ; 4% HF etching after blasting, Group 5 ; silane treatment after blasting, Group 6 ; silane treatment after 4% HF etching, Group 7 ; silane treatment after blasting and 4% HF etching. In Each group, one half of 20 specimens was stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and the other half was stored at atmosphere for 24 hours respectively. Dentin surface was etched with 10% $H_3PO_4$ for 15 seconds and luting cement(Variolink II, Vivadent, Liechtenstein) was applied by manufacturer's recommendation. Shear bond strength for each group was then measured. To examine the failure patterns after shear bond test and to observe the change after surface treatment of Targis. Specimens were fabricated and observed under the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by One Way ANOVA test and t-test. The results were as follows ; 1. The shear bond strength of the groups stored in water significantly lower than that of groups stored at atmosphere (P<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength in groups stored in water (P>0.05). 3. The shear bond strength without surface treatment of Targis were lowest among all experimental groups in atmosphere condition(P<0.05). 4. There was no significant difference in bond strength between groups using the silane or not(P>0.05). 5. The groups treated by blasting, hydrofluoric acid and silane sequentially showed highest bond strength than that of other groups in atmosphere condition, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). 6 The proportions of the specimens showing the mixed fracture failure were 20% in HF etching group and blasting + HF group, 40% in blasting + HF + silane group in atmosphere condition. All the specimens stored in water showed adhesive fracture failure.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.320-321
• /
• 2003

최근 천연물을 중심으로 한 학문이 발전하면서 천연물이 가지는 생리활성 물질에 대한 관심이 중대되고 있다. 또한 인공합성품의 일부가 안정성의 문제가 제기되면서 천연물의 이용분야는 더욱 확대되고 있다. 급속한 경제발전과 생활수준의 향상으로 식생활을 포함한 생활방식의 다양화로 인하여 과거 감염 위주의 질병이 감소하고 선진국형의 만성퇴행성 질환이 증가하는 추세이다. 혈소판은 혈전증(thrombosis)과 지혈증(haemstasis)에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 인자로서 현관 내 병적 이상으로 인한 과도한 혈전의 생성은 뇌 -심혈관계 질환의 중요한 유발인자로 작용하므로 뇌ㆍ심혈관계 질환이나 항고지혈증을 연구하는데 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토끼 혈액에서 분리한 세정 혈소판 부유액을 이용하여 작약 MeOH 추출물에서 분리한 천연생리활성물질들을 대상으로 혈소판 응집억제활성에 대하여 연구하였다. 작약 MeOH 추출물의 혈소판 응집억제활성 측정에서 강한 혈소판 응집억제활성 작용을 보였다. 따라서 작약 MeOH 추출물을 크로마토그라피법을 이용하여 분리하였고, NMR을 이용한 분광학적 방법으로 지금까지의 분리한 자료와 비교ㆍ분석하였다. Monoterpene glycoside 계열의 성분들인 15개의 compound와 다수의 fraction들을 HPLC를 이용하여 분리하였으며, collagen으로 유도된 혈소판 응집억제활성측정 방법에서 뛰어난 응집억제활성을 보였다. 표준물질을 이용한 HPLC 분석과 ¹H-NMR 관련 자료의 검색을 통하여 최종적으로 compound 1b가 benzoyloxy-paeoniflorin(2.6％). compound 1d가 paeond(1.3％), compound 2c가 albiflorin(3.2％), compound 2e가 paeoniflorin(33.6％)임을 확인할 수 있었다. Compound 3a의 분석결과 benzoyloxypaeoniflorin과 구조적 유사성은 있으나 동일한 구조식으로 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 collagen에서 응집억제활성이 90％ 이상으로 뛰어난 활성을 나타내므로 benzoyloxypaeoniflorin과 유사한 구조에서 benzoyl group이 다른 작용기로 치환되었거나 R₁ group이 다른 작용기로 치환된 형태로 추측하였다. Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin은 collagen＞thrombin＞U46616＞A.A(arachidonic acid)＞PAF의 순으로 활성을 보였다. 이는 paeoniflorin의 glycoside 5-carbon위치에 위치한 OH기 대신에 benzoyl기로 치환된 benzoyl 기가 혈소판 억제 산물로 작용한 것으로 추측했다. Paeoniflorin.은 U46619＞thrombin＞collagen＞A.A＞PAF순으로 억제를 보였다. Paeoniflorin이 collagen보다 thrombin에서 강한 억제를 보이는 것으로 Ca/sup 2＋/ chelate를 형성함으로 인해 calciu 대사를 저해하는 것으로 추축했다. Compound 3a는 U46619＞collagen＞A.A＞thrombin＞PAF순으로 억제율을 보이므로 이 화합물은 paeoniflorin의 benzoyl기에 OH기가 다른 치환기로 바뀌거나 paeoniflorin의 glycoside 5-carbon 위치의 OH기 대신에 다른 작용기로 치환된 것으로 추정하였다. 이러한 결과로 작약의 주성분인 paeoniflorin과 유사한 구조를 가진 다른 monoterpene glycoside 계열의 화합물들과 비교 분석하고 구조를 화인하고 이들 성분이 어떻게 혈소판 응집억제활성에 작용하는지를 연구하였다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2016

Objectives : $18{\beta}$-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18betaGA) is an metabolite of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza (licorice). The present study investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect of 18betaGA on the brain tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Methods : 18betaGA was administered orally with low (30 mg/kg) and high (100 mg/kg) doses for 3 days prior to LPS (3 mg/kg) injection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 h after the LPS injection. Histological changes of Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) neurons, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results : 18betaGA significantly attenuated the up-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA, and COX-2 mRNA expression in the brain tissues induced by the LPS injection. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the reductions of the thickness of CA1 and the number of CA1 neurons. The up-regulation of Bax protein expression in the hippocampal tissue by the LPS injection was significantly attenuated, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression was increased by 18betaGA treatment. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression in the CA1 of the hippocampus. Conclusion : This results indicate that 18betaGA has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect under neuroinflammation induced by the LPS injection and suggest that 18betaGA may be a beneficial drug for various brain diseases accompanied with the brain tissue inflammation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.462-472
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the quality characteristics of Brassica juncea cultivated in Jeongseon (BJJ), South Korea. We analyzed the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of BJJ. As a result of the free sugar analysis, the contents of glucose and fructose in BJJ were $0.29{\pm}0.02g/100g$ and $0.10{\pm}0.00g/100g$, respectively. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and stearic acid. The palmitic acid was the highest at 31.22% of all fatty acids. The major minerals were identified as Ca, P, K, Mg and Na. The contents of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and vitamin E in BJJ were $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.087{\pm}0.01mg/100g$, $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.56{\pm}0.06mg/100g$ and $0.20{\pm}0.03mg\;{\alpha}-TE/100g$, respectively. As a result of the free amino acid analysis, total amino acid contents in BJJ were $2,801.21{\pm}115.38mg/100g$. L-proline content was the highest ($744.30{\pm}119.06mg/100g$) in BJJ. BJJ extract inhibits reactive oxygen species production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Also, BJJ extract exhibits a protective effect on oxidative stress in $H_2O_2$-induced human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that BJJ comprises various valuable nutrients which can be used as functional food ingredients.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study was carried out to investigate biological activities effects of Korean leaf from Rosa davurica Pall. in vitro. They were extracted with methanol, ethanol, chloroform and water. Methods of the antimutagenic used in this experiment were well-known bacterial short term tests which include Ames test and the antigenotoxic used in this experiment was DPPH radical scavenge. All extracts (ethanol, methanol, water) except chloroform extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC$\_$50/ of 11.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 6.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 4.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. In Ames test, most of extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against the mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 3-amino-l,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-I) and benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene(B(${\alpha}$)P). The extracts of leaves (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate) showed approximately 60∼80％ inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and B(${\alpha}$)P against TA98 strain, whereas 60∼80％ inhibition were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and B(${\alpha}$)P against TA100 strain. respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.394-400
• /
• 2008

Blast resistance of one hundred and thirty-one rice cultivars bred in Korea was tested with thirty Korean isolates and twenty-two Philippines isolates using three screening methods. In the blast nursery conducted in Korea and in the Philippines, average disease index of rice cultivars were 4.6 and 2.2, respectively. Seventy-nine cultivars showed different resistance reaction in Korea and in the Philippines, and 19 cultivars showed the same resistant reaction in two locations. In the seedling test, Korean blast isolates displayed different levels of virulence. 93-093, a Korean isolate, was compatible with 90 cultivars whereas 97-057 showed a compatible reaction with 13 cultivars. Twenty-three cultivars showed high level of resistance against Korean and Philippines isolates but Chucheongbyeo, Heugnambyeo, and Manmibyeo showed susceptible reaction to all blast isolates. Through the sequential planting test in Korea and in the Philippines, Palgongbyeo and Seomjinbyeo displayed durable resistance, and Nagdongbyeo and Gihobyeo showed high level of disease infection over the planting time. These results indicate that blast isolates collected in two countries have different genetic background and number of compatible isolates should be considered in definition the durability of rice cultivar to rice blast.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2021

Factors influencing mathematics academic achievement are constantly changing and have direct and indirect effects on mathematics achievement, so longitudinal studies that can predict and analyze their growth are needed. This study uses longitudinal data on students from 2011 (5th grade of elementary school) to 2015 (2nd grade of middle school) of the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study, and divides them into groups with similar longitudinal changes in mathematics academic achievement. The direct and indirect effects of learning attitudes and achievement goals were examined. As a result of the study, it was found that learning effort and learning attitude had a direct effect on mathematics achievement in 1 group (2277 students, 67.7%), and learning attitude had a direct effect on mathematics achievement in 3 groups (958 students, 28.5%). And it was found that learning effort h ad an indirect effect. In addition, it was found that both learning attitudes, learning efforts, and achievement goals had no effect on the academic achievement of mathematics in the second group (127 students, 3.8%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.107-107
• /
• 1997

Cytochrome P450 enzymes have been intensively investigated in hepatic tissues and several mammalian cell lines. Compared to most studies about cytochrome P450 isozymes in liver in vivo and hepatic, cell lines in vitro, the study of cytochrome P450IA1 in human breast cancer cells could be very important to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIA1 gene expression and cell growth. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are well characterized to study estrogen and antiestrogen action due to the fact that they contain high level of estrogen receptor and have biological markers characterized. And also MCF-7 cells express high level of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and human cytochrome P450IA1 cDNA was cloned from MCF-7 cells. Ah receptor was characterized in many breast cancer cell lines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as 3-MC induced the expression of CYPIA1 gene and cytochrome P450- dependent monooxygenase activity. We undertook a study to examine the effect of estrogens and other chemicals on the regulation of human CYPIA1 gene expression in MCF-7 cells via RTPCR analysis, that might help us to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIA1 gene expression and MCF-7 cell growth. Expression vector containing the functional 5'-regulatory region of human CYPIA1 fused to the CAT reporter gene was transfected into estrogen receptor positive MCF-T cells or estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 cells. After these cells were treated with various chemicals, RTPCR was carried out to measure both CYPIA1 mRNA and CAT mRNA levels. 1nM 3-MC increased in both P450 and CAT mRNA levels over those of control by two folds in MCF-7 cells but does not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Estrogen or tamoxifen or retinoic acid or chrysin decreased in both P450 and CAT mRNA levels that were induced by 3-MC in MCF-7 when each chemical was administered with 3-MC concomitantly. These results suggested that the level of CYPIA1 gene expression is modulated with estrogen-related molecules and make it possible to speculate that ER is related to CYPIA1 gene expression and cell growth in breast cancer cells. [Supported by grants from the Korean Ministry of Education ]