• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 1997

The crystal structure of isoimperatorin, f-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1] benzopyran-7-one, has been determined from single crystal x-ray diffraction study; C16H14O4, Monoclinic, P21/c, a=8.865(1) Å, b=9.331(1) Å, c=16.156(1) Å, β=98.12(1)', V=1322.9(2) Å3, T=293(2)K, z=4, Cu Kα(λ=1.5418 Å). The structure was solved by direct method and refined by full-matrix least squares to a final R=5.72% for 1922 unique observed Fo>4o(F0) reflections and 182 parameters.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

This is a study on the relation of window glass breaking time, shape, and vent condition in a compartment fire through the experiment. We recognize the phenomenon that window glass breakage in a compartment fire be arose from the thermal stresses due to the temperature temperature difference was 233.4$^{\circ}C$ for test 1-3, 138$^{\circ}C$ for text 2-1, 83.6$^{\circ}C$ for test 2-2. The interior test 2-2, 400.9$^{\circ}C$ for test 2-3. so if the flame didn't reach at the surface of window glass, the breakage of glass occure at 40$0^{\circ}C$~50$0^{\circ}C$. when the fire size reached to 1541.14kW, the window might be broken by thermal stress. But window glass was not collapsed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2015

Background: To date several common mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated with breast cancer have been reported in different populations. However, the common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients in Iran have not been described in detail. Materials and Methods: To comprehensively assess the frequency and distribution of the most common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Iranian breast cancer patients, we conducted this meta-analysis on 13 relevant published studies indentified in a literature search on PubMed and SID. Results: A total of 11 BRCA1 and BRCA2 distinct common mutations were identified, reported twice or more in the articles, of which 10 (c.2311T>C, c.3113A>G, c.4308T>C, c.4837A>G, c.2612C>T, c.3119G>A, c.3548A>G, c.5213G>A c.IVS16-92A/G, and c.IVS16-68A/G) mutations were in BRCA1, and 1 (c.4770A>G) was in BRCA2. The mutations were in exon 11, exon 13, intron 16, and exon 20 of BRCA1 and exon 11 of BRCA2. All have been previously reported in different populations. Conclusions: These meta analysis results should be helpful in understanding the possibility of any first true founder mutation of BRCA1/BRCA2 in the Iranian population. In addition, they will be of significance for diagnostic testing, genetic counseling and for epidemiological studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1992

The lipid compositions of total lipid extracted from the flesh divided into albinic type and melanic type of culture shellfishes, i.e. Achatina fucica Bowdich, Ampullarius insularus were compared. Total lipid contents of shellfishes were $1.11{\sim}3.25%$, the levels were appeared higher in Ampullarius insularus than Achatina fucica Bowdich, and in albinic type than melanic type. It was found that the contents of neutral lipids $(31.79{\sim}40.60%)$ and phospholipids $(50.95{\sim}62.12%)$ were high, while that of glycolipids $(4.84{\sim}9.47%)$ were low. The major fatty acids in total lipid of each sample were $C_{18:2}(11.92{\sim}14.37%)$, $C_{18:1}(12.34{\sim}13.64%)$, $C_{20:4}(11.03{\sim}13.74%)$, $C_{16:0}(7.45{\sim}15.39%)$ and $C_{18:0}(7.34{\sim}11.80%)$ and additionally $C_{20:2}(9.62{\sim}10.19%)$ in Achatina fucica Bowdich, and the major fatty acid composition in total lipids of each sample showed no significant differences between albinic type and melanic type, respectively. Particularly the content of $C_{16:0}$ in total lipids was shown more abundant in Ampullarius insularus and that of $C_{18:0}$, C_{20:2}$ in Achatina fucica Bowdich. The content of polyene acids in total lipids occupied higher level in Achatina fucica Bowdich but $C_{22:6}$ was almost detected, and observed relatively higher amounts in Ampullarius insularus. The main fatty acids in neutral lipid of Achatina fucica Bowdich were $C_{18:2}(16.80{\sim}17.74%)$, $C_{20:2}(12.15{\sim}12.59%)$, $C_{18:1}(9.79{\sim}10.37%)$, $C_{18:0}(7.71{\sim}12.43%)$ and C_{16:0},\;C_{20:4}$ and additionally $C_{18:3} (20.90%)$ was shown predominant in melanic type and the level of polyene acid highest in neutral lipids. The neutral lipids in each type of Ampullarius insularus were mainly composed of $C_{16:0}(16.96{\sim}17.46%)$, $C_{18:1}(13.79{\sim}13.95%)$ and $C_{18:2} (12.90{\sim}15.70%)$ and additionally it chiefly consisted of $C_{18:1}$, $C_{20:4}$and$C_{22:6}$. The major fatty acids in each type of glycolipids were $C_{18:2}(19.01{\sim}19.72)$, $C_{16:0}(12.89{\sim}18.76%)$ and $C_{18:0}(12.68{\sim}17.52%)$ and additionally $C_{18:1}$ in Achatina fucica Bowdich, but $C_{22:1}$ was detected in relatively higher level by 6.95% in albinic type only. The major fatty acids in glycolipids were $C_{18:2}(12.46{\sim}18.21%)$, $C_{16:0}(10.43{\sim}18.48%)$, $C_{20:1}(10.51{\sim}14.59%)$, $C_{20:4}(8.24{\sim}12.34%)$ and additionally it chiefly consisted of $C_{18:0}\;and\;C_{18:1}$ in Ampullarius insularus. The fatty acid composition in phospholipids of each sample was very resembled to total lipids, respectively.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2007

Purpose: $[^{11}C]6-OH-BTA-1$ ([N-methyl-$^{11}C$]2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole, 1), a -amyloid imaging agent for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in PET, can be labeled with higher yield by a simple loop method. During the synthesis of $[^{11}C]1$, we found the formation of by-products in various solvents, e.g., methylethylketone (MEK), cyclohexanone (CHO), diethylketone (DEK), and dimethylformamide (DMF). Materials and Methods: In Automated radiosynthesis module, 1 mg of 4-aminophenyl-6-hydroxybenzothiazole (4) in 100 l of each solvent was reacted with $[^{11}C]methyl$ triflate in HPLC loop at room temperature (RT). The reaction mixture was separated by semi-preparative HPLC. Aliquots eluted at 14.4, 16.3 and 17.6 min were collected and analyzed by analytical HPLC and LC/MS spectrometer. Results: The labeling efficiencies of $[^{11}C]1$ were $86.0{\pm}5.5%$, $59.7{\pm}2.4%$, $29.9{\pm}1.8%$, and $7.6{\pm}0.5%$ in MEK, CHO, DEK and DMF, respectively. The LC/MS spectra of three products eluted at 14.4, 16.3 and 17.6 mins showed m/z peaks at 257.3 (M+1), 257.3 (M+1) and 271.3 (M+1), respectively, indicating their structures as 1, 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-6-methoxybenzothiazole (2) and by-product (3), respectively. Ratios of labeling efficiencies for the three products $([^{11}C]1:[^{11}C]2:[^{11}C]3)$ were $86.0{\pm}5.5%:5.0{\pm}3.4%:1.5{\pm}1.3%$ in MEK, $59.7{\pm}2.4%:4.7{\pm}3.2%:1.3{\pm}0.5%$ in CHO, $9.9{\pm}1.8%:2.0{\pm}0.7%:0.3{\pm}0.1%$ in DEK and $7.6{\pm}0.5%:0.0%:0.0%$ in DMF, respectively. Conclusion: The labeling efficiency of $[^{11}C]1$ was the highest when MEK was used as a reaction solvent. As results of mass spectrometry, 1 and 2 were conformed. 3 was presumed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.624-631
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• 1995

The fermentation characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae F38-1, a newly isolated thermotolerant yeast strain from a high temperature environment have been studied using a fermentation medium containing 20% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.2% polypeptone, 0.3% (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$SO$_{4}$, 0.1% KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, and 0.2% MgSO$_{4}$ without shaking at 30$\circ$C to 43$\circ$C for 5 days. The fermentability was over 90% at 30$\circ$C, 88% at 37$\circ$C, 77% at 40$\circ$C and 30% at 43$\circ$C. A similar fermentation result was obtained at pH between 4 and 6 at 30$\circ$C and 40$\circ$C. Aeration stimulated the growth of the strain at the beginning of the fermentation, but it reduced alcohol production at the end of alcohol fermentation. Optimal glucose concentration was determined to be between 18 and 22% at 40$\circ$C as well as 30$\circ$C, but the growth was inhibited at the glucose concentration of over 30%. A fermentability of over 90% was observed at 40$\circ$C in 2 days when the medium was supplemented by 2% yeast extract. A higher inoculum size increased the initial fermentation rate, but not the fermentation. A fermentability of over 90% was achieved in 2 days at 40$\circ$C in a fermentor experiment using an optimized medium containing 20% glucose and 1% yeast extract.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.16 no.1_2
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• pp.17-20
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• 2000

Effect of predation of starfish Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera under different water temperature in the recirculating seawater vessel was conducted at the invertebrate culture laboratory of Yosu National University from February 1 to February 25, 2000. The highest activity of Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera according to water temperature was obtained at 14$\^{C}$ and 22$\^{C}$. The average individual numbers of Anadara broughtonii predated by Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera were 2.20 and 1.60 at 6$\^{C}$ , 3.60 and 2.00 at 10$\^{C}$, 7.20 and 2.50 at 14$\^{C}$, 3.40 and 6.80 at 22$\^{C}$, 0.80 and 3.90 at 26$\^{C}$, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.953-956
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• 2002

Excess molar volumes (Vm E ) of binary liquid mixtures: xC6H5CH3 + (1-x1)CH3CN or + (1-x1)C6H5NO2, or + (1-x1)C2H5NO2 have been determined as a function of mole fraction of C6H5CH3 (x) at a temperature of 303.15 K over a entire range of composition. The densities of the binary liquid mixtures were determined by pycnometrically. The VmE values of the mixtures have been found to be negative over the whole composition in order of C6H5CH3 + C6H5NO2, < C6H5CH3 + CH3CN, and < C6H5CH3 + C2H5NO2. The negative magnitude of VmE suggests the presence of intermolecular interaction in the three binary liquid mixtures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2021

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Methods: The intervention cohort (IC) comprised 133 patients with type 2 diabetes who received nonsurgical periodontal treatment, while the matching cohort (MC) included 4787 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Asan Medical Center. The patients in each cohort were divided into 3 groups according to their baseline HbA1c level: subgroup 1, HbA1c <7%; subgroup 2, 7%≤ HbA1c <9%; and subgroup 3, HbA1c ≥9%. Changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 6 and 12 months were analyzed. In addition, the association between changes in HbA1c levels and the number of periodontal maintenance visits was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels in the IC and MC or their subgroups when evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the IC showed maintenance of baseline HbA1c levels, while the MC had a trend for HbA1c levels to steadily increase as shown by pairwise comparisons (baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months). IC subgroup 1 also maintained steady HbA1c levels from 6 months to 12 months, whereas MC subgroup 1 presented a steady increase during the same period. The number of periodontal maintenance visits had no association with changes in HbA1c levels during the 1-year study duration. Conclusions: For patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance may help to control HbA1c levels.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.489-492
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• 2000

Three different white cast irons alloyed with Cr and Si were prepared in order to study their distribution be-havior in matrices and carbides. The specimens were produced using a 15kg-capacity high frequency induction fur-nace. Melts were super-heated to $1600^{\circ}C$, and poured at $1550^{\circ}C$ into a pepset mold. Three combinations of the alloys were selected so as to observe the distribution behavior of Cr and Si : 0.5%C-25.0%Cr-1.0%Si(alloy No. 1), 0.5%C-5.0%Cr-1.0%Si(alloy No. 2) and 2.0%C-5.0%Cr-1.0%Si(alloy No. 3). Cellular $M_7C_3$ carbides-$\delta$ferrite eutectic were developed at $\delta$ferrite liquid interfaces in the alloy No. 1 while only traces of $M_7C_3$ carbides-$\delta$ferrite eutectic were precipitated in the alloy No. 2. With the addition of 2.0% C and 5.0% Cr, ledeburitic $M_3C$ carbides instead of cellular $M_7C_3$ carbides were precipitated in the alloy No. 3. Cr was distributed preferentially to the $M_7C_3$ carbides rather than to the matrix structure while more Si was partitioned in the matrix structure rather than the $M_7C_3$ carbides. $K^m$ for Cr was ranged from 0.56 to 0.68 while that for Si was from 1.12 to 1.28. $K^m$ for Cr had a lower value with increased carbon contents. The mass percent of Cr was higher in the $M_7C_3$ carbides with increased Cr contents.