• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.941-946
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• 2009

Two types of synthetic zeolites, commercially used (Z-WK) and synthesized by coal fly ash (Z-C1), and raw coal fly ash(F-C1) were examined for its kinetics and adsorption capacities of cobalt. Experimental data are fitted with kinetic models, Lagergen $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ order models, and four types of adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Koble-Corrigan. Synthesized zeolite (Z-C1) which had 1.51 of Si/Al ratio was synthesized by raw coal fly ash from a thermal power plant. Adsorption capacities with three types of adsorbents, Z-WK, Z-C1, and F-C1, were in the order of Z-C1 (94.15 mg/g) > F-C1 (92.94 mg/g) > Z-WK (88.56mg/g). The adsorption kinetics of Z-WK and Z-C1 with cobalt could be accurately described by a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The adsorption isotherms of Z-WK and Z-C1 with cobalt were well fitted by the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson equation. Z-C1 will be used to remove cobalt in water as a more efficient absorbent.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 2008

In order to investigate the information for effective detection and developing of latent fingerprints, we identified fatty acids composition of latent fingerprints on non-porous evidence surface and the chemical changes of latent fingerprint residue after print deposition during 7 months. Fingerprints from eight Korean male donors (aged 29-50 years) and one female donor (aged 36 years) were collected. All fingerprints were found to contain lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9) and docosadienoic acid (C22:2) and primarily palmitic acid (35.45-48.37%), oleic acid (14.84-28.49%), stearic acid (9.71-24.96%) and linoleic acid (7.68-18.8%) occupied 75% of total fatty acids. When the fingerprints were deposited at dark room for 7 months, total fatty acids components decreased about 12-25%. It can be explained that significant degradation of long-chain fatty acids such as elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9), and docosadienoic acid (C22:2) resulted in the generation of myristic acid (C14:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.809-816
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• 2018

The aim of this research paper is to evaluate fifty double integrals invoving generalized hypergeometric function (25 each) in the form of $${{\int}^1_0}{{\int}^1_0}\;x^{{\gamma}-1}y^{{\gamma}+c-1}(1-x)^{c-1}(1-y)^{c+{\ell}}(1-xy)^{{\delta}-2c-{\ell}-1}{\times}_3F_2\[{^{a,\;b,\;2c+{\ell}+1}_{\frac{1}{2}(a+b+i+1),\;2c+j}}\;;{\frac{(1-x)y}{1-xy}}\]dxdy$$ and $${{\int}^1_0}{{\int}^1_0}\;x^{{\gamma}-1}y^{{\gamma}+c+{\ell}}(1-x)^{c+{\ell}}(1-y)^{c-1}(1-xy)^{{\delta}-2c-{\ell}-1}{\times}_3F_2\[{^{a,\;b,\;2c+{\ell}+1}_{\frac{1}{2}(a+b+i+1),\;2c+j}}\;;{\frac{1-y}{1-xy}}\]dxdy$$ in the most general form for any ${\ell}{\in}{\mathbb{Z}}$ and i, j = 0, ${\pm}1$, ${\pm}2$. The results are derived with the help of generalization of Edwards's well known double integral due to Kim, et al. and generalized classical Watson's summation theorem obtained earlier by Lavoie, et al. More than one hundred ineteresting special cases have also been obtained.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1995

The periods of germination and seedling emergence, epidermal cell size and the activities of peroxidase and amylase of 6 rice cultivars were examined to clarify the response to 3 temperature conditions, constant temperatures of 27$^{\circ}C$ and 17$^{\circ}C$ and alternating temperature of 24/1$0^{\circ}C$, in the dark condition. The periods of germination and seedling emergence were increased and the germination was delayed greater than the seedling emergence under 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/l$0^{\circ}C$, compared with 27$^{\circ}C$. Lengths of epidermal cell of coleoptile and first leaf were reduced, but the widths were increased in the 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/1$0^{\circ}C$, compared with 27$^{\circ}C$. The activities of peroxidase in the emerging shoots and amylase in the germinating seeds were reduced in 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/1$0^{\circ}C$. There were significant correlations between peroxidase activities and the widths of epidemal cell of first leaf and between amylase activities and periods of germination. Varietal differences of all observations were remarkable in 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24 /1$0^{\circ}C$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.42-50
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• 1963

The destruction rate of microorganisms by heat follows the first order reaction. In this experiments, the calculated sterilization velocity constants of Escherichia Coli are 1.97 * $10^{-2}min^{-1}.(45{\deg}$ C), 9.53 * $10^{-2}min^{-1}.(55{\deg}$ C) and $1.858min^{-1}.(70{\deg}$ C), 2.89 * $10^{-2}min^{-1}.(80{\deg}$ C), 1.32 * $10^{-1}min^{-1}.(90{\deg}$ C), 2.87 * $10^{-1}min^{-1}.(95{\deg}$ C), 7.91 * $10^{-1}min^{-1}.(100{\deg}$ C) and $1.777min^{-1}.(105{\deg}$ C). In the results, the activation energy of E. Coli is 62.0 Cal $mole^{-1}.(45{\deg}-60-{\deg})$, that of B. Subtilis are 17.8 Cal $mole^{-1}(60{\deg}-80{\deg}$ C) and 47.1 Cal $mole^{-1}(90{\deg}-105{\deg}$ C).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.536-539
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• 1992

Eight-membered ring spiro orthocarbonate (C$_{25}H_{20}O_4$, M$_r$ = 384) is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 15.319(4), b = 9.057(3), c = 13.168(3)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 98.53(3)$^{\circ}$, Z = 4, F(000) = 808, T = 290 K, ${\mu}$(Mo-K${\alpha}$) = 0.55 cm$_1$, D$_c$ = 1.36 g/cm$^3$ and D$_m$ = 1.40 g/cm$^3$. The intensity data were collected with Mo-K${\alpha}$ radiation (${\lambda}$ = 0.7107 ${\AA}$) on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromater. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full matrix least-squares methods. The final R value was 0.052 for 1412 observed reflections. The molecule has C$_2$point symmetry. The eight-membered ring has a chair conformation with pseudo-C$_s$ symmetry. The naphthyl ring is planar with the C-C bond lengths being in the range of 1.352∼1.444${\AA}$ and bond angles of 117.2∼123.5$^{\circ}$. The bond lengths of C(1)-C(9), C(8)-C(9) and C(9)-C(10) are somewhat longer than those of the other C-C bonds.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 1995

Flavobacterium spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Vibrio spp. were isolated from samples(sediments) of Sagami Bay and Suruga Bay(in Japan) at 810-4,000m in depth. Among isolated strains, Vibvio sp.-86 and sp.-87 strains were identified as barophilic and psychrophilic ones. They grew in 400 atm and showed best growth at 100 atm. Marine bacteria grown at 400 atm were long rod shape and 30 to 50times longer than those grown at 1 atm. which were short rod shape and formed flocks (aggregates). Vibrio sp,-86 strain grew at $5-37^{\circ}C\;and\;0,5-9.0\%\;NaCl\;(3.0\%\;of\;optimum\;concentration),$ while Vibrio sp.-87 strain grew at $1-7\%\;NaCl\;(2,0\%\;of\;optimum\;concentration).$ The fatty acid compositions of Vibrio sp.-86 strain grown at 1 atm were $C_{20}-C_{22:0},\;C_{l6:1},\;and\;C_{16:0}$ in the order of their abundance and at 400 atm the order were $C_{18:1},\;C_{18:0},\;and\;C_{20}-C_{22}$, whereas those of Vibrio sp.-87 strain at 1 atm were $C_{6:1},\;C_{14:1},\;and\;C_{20}-C_{22}$ and at 400 atm the order were $C_{14:1},\;C_{12:0},\;and\;C_{16:1}$ The amino acids compositon of Vibrio sp.-86 strain grown at 1 atm were abundant in the order of aspartic acid, methionine, and glutamic acid and those at 400 atm were abundant in the order of methionine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The amino acids composition of Vibrio sp.-87 strain grwon at 1 atm were abundant in the order of methionine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid and those at 400 atm were abundant in the order of methionine, glutamic acid, and isoleucine.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 1997

Triacylglycerols of the seeds of Ginkgo biloba have been resolved by high-performace liquid chromatography(HPLC} in the silver-ion and reverse-phase modes. The fatty acids were identified by a combination of capillary gas chromatography and gas-chromatography /mass spectrometry as the methyl and /or picolinyl ester. The main components are $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$(39.0mol%), $C_{18:1{\omega}7}$(asclepic acid 21.5mol%), and $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$(oleic acid, 13.8mol%). Considerable amounts of unusual acid such as $C_{20:3{\Delta}^{5,11,14}$ (5.7mol%), $C_{18:2{\Delta}^{5,9}$(2.8mol%), and $C_{18:3}{\Delta}^{5,9,12}$(1.6mol%), were checked. In addition, an anteiso-branched fatty acid, 14-methylhexadecanoic acid, was also present as a minor component(0.9 mol%). The triacylglycerols were separated into 17 fractions by reverse-phase HPLC, and the fractionation was achieved according to the partition numnber(PN) in which a ${\Delta}^5$-non methylene interrupted double bond($^5$-NMDB) showed different behaviour from a methylene interrupted double bond in a molecule with a given cahinlength. Silver-ion HPLC exhibited excellent resolution in which fractions(23 fractions) were resolved on the basis of the number and configuration of double bonds. In this instance, the strength of interaction of a ${\Delta}^5$-NMDB system with silver ions seemed to be weaker than a methylene interrupted double bond system. The principal triacylglycerol species are as follows ; $(C_{18:2{\omega}6)2}/C_{18:1{\omega}7}$, $C_{18:1{\omega}9}/C_{18:1{\omega}7}/C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $(C_{18:1{\omega}7)2}/C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $C_{16:1{\omega}7}/C_{18:1{\omega}9}/C_{20:3}{\Delta}^{5,11,14}$, $C_{16:1{\omega}7}/C_{18:1{\omega}7}/C_{20:3}{\Delta}^{5,11,14}$, $C_{18:1{\omega}9}/C_{18:1{\omega}7}/C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $C_{18:1{\omega}9}/C_{18:2}{\Delta}^{5,5}/C_{20:3}{\Delta}^{5,11,14}$, $(C_{18:1{\omega}7)2}/C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ and $(C_{18:1{\omega}9)2}/C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, while simple triacylglycerols without $C_{18:2{\omega}6})_3$ were not present. Stereospecific analysis showed that fatty acids with ${\Delta}^5$-NMDB system and saturated chains were predominantly located at the site of sn-3 carbon of glycerol backbones. It is evident that there is asymmetry in the distribution of fatty acids in the TG molecules of Ginkgo nut oils.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 1991

Lipids in dry peas were extracted by the mixture of chloroform-methanol-water, and from the extracted lipids triacylglycerols(TG) were separated by thin layer chromatography. TG were separated into different fractions according to partition numbers by HPLC. Each of these collected fractions was analyzed on the basis of acyl carbon number by GLC, and their fatty acid compositions were also analyzed by GLC. From these results, the possible fatty acid combinations of TG in dry peas were estimated to be thirty three kinds and the major kinds were as follows $C_{16:0}C_{18:2}C_{18:2}(13.4%),\;C_{18:1}C_{18:2}C_{18:3}(9.3%),\;C_{18:1}C_{18:2}C_{18:2}(9.2%),\;C_{18:2}C_{18:2}C_{18:2}(8.1%),\;C_{18:2}C_{18:2}C_{18:3}(6.4%),\;and\;C_{18:0}C_{18:1}C_{18:2}(5.4%)$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

The storability of chicon was compared by packing it with PE box, wrap, LDPE (low density polyethylene) film that was 25 and 50um thickness, respectively and storing at 1 and $10^{\circ}C$ under light and dark conditions. The visual quality depending on dehydration was deteriorated at more than $2\%$ weight loss during storage. In packing treatments, chicon packed with PE box lost fresh weight to $3\%\;at\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;2\%\;at\;1^{\circ}C$, while non- penetrated film treatment, wrap, 25 and 50um thickness LDPE film, showed less than $1\%$ weight loss. The carbon dioxide concentration in package was $3\~4\%\;in\;50{\mu}m$ LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C\; and\;25um$ LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$. The ethylene concentration in 50um LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C\;and\;25{\mu}m$ LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$ was approximately 0.3 ppm and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Chiton stored in dark condition didn't turn to green, but it fumed green only in 3 days at $10^{\circ}C$ and in 6 days at $1^{\circ}C$ under light condition. The greening of chicon was less, the packing materials was thicker. The chlorophyll content represented the degree of greening showed less at $1^{\circ}C$ then at $10^{\circ}C$. The coefficient of correlation(r) between chlorophyll content and carbon dioxide concentration in package was 0.926 at $1^{\circ}C$ and 0.997 at $10^{\circ}C$. The visual quality except greening of packed chicon was maintained at $1^{\circ}C$ better than $10^{\circ}C$, and it was shown highest grade packed with $50{\mu}m$ LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C$ and packed with 25um LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$. The vitamin C content in packed chicon was kept higher at $1^{\circ}C$ on storage temperatures, and 25um and 50um LDPE film on packing materials. According to these results, it can be proper condition for storage and marketing of chicon that 50um LDPE film at $1^{\circ}C$ and 25um LDPE film at $10^{\circ}C$. And dark condition is necessary to store chicon because it should turn green under tiny light condition.