• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

A nationwide survey on acute appendicitis (AAP) was undertaken among members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and the case registration form for each patient during the 6 months period from the $1^{st}$ October, 2005 to $31^{st}$ March, 2006. Questionnaires were collected from 23 members. Four hundred seventy six patients were registered from 21 hospitals where the members were working. The male to female ratio was 1.67:1. Average age was 9 years and 5 months (range 21 months-20 years). Operations were performed on average 10.4 hours (range 1-230 hours) from arrival at hospital. The average operation time was 59.1 minutes. The average admission days were 5.8 days (range 2-45 days). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (95.1 %), vomiting (50.6 %) and fever (43.7%). The average duration of symptoms was 42.2 hours (range 1 hour-22 days). Leukocytosis (WBC count > 10,000) was found in 85.9%. The most popular diagnostic tools were ultrasonography and CT. Open surgery was performed in 72.1 % and laparoscopic surgery in 27.5 %. Two laparoscopic surgeries were converted to open surgery (0.4 %). Simple appendicitis was found in 54.5 % and complicated appendicitis such as abscess, gangrenous change and perforation in 45.5%. According to the questionnaires 12 hospitals were performing open surgery only in all patients. Four hospitals were performing laparoscopic surgery in all patients. Seven hospitals are performing both surgical methods according to surgeon or occasion. Regarding the use of antibiotics in acute appendicitis, three kinds of antibiotics were used in 40 % of total simple appendicitis patients. The results showed the trend of management in acute appendicitis in Korea. Especially it is necessary for the members to discuss the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis in the simple appendicitis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.525-537
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• 2018

The Korean coast is divided into the West Korea Coastal zone (WKC), the South Coastal zone of Korea (SCK), the East Korea Coastal zone (EKC), and Jeju Coastal zone of Korea (JCK). Each coastal zone has different marine environment characteristics. This study analyzed zooplankton data of KOEM (Korea Environment Management Corporation) collected in the Korean coastal waters the spring and summer of 2015 and 2016. In spring, water temperature was lowest in the JCK, and gradually increased in the order of EKC, SCK, and WKC, while in summer lowest in WKC and increased in the order of EKC, SCK, and JCK. Salinity was lowest in WKC which had many rivers flowing inland, and increased in the order of SCK, EKC and JCK in spring. In summer it was lowest in JCK and increased toward WKC, SCK, and EKC. In summer, Chlorophyll-a concentrations were generally low, but was lowest in JCK in spring. In the study area, a total of 77 species occurred, of which 50 species did in spring and 65 species in summer. The number of species was lowest in JCK and highest in SCK in spring and summer, respectively. Paracalanus parvus s. l. was the most dominant species or the second dominant species in Korean coastal areas in spring, but it was predominant in summer. In addition, in spring Acartia hongi, Calanus sinicus, Oithona similis were predominant in WKC, Oithona similis and Corycaeus affinis in SCK, O. similis and Corycaeus sp. in EKC, C. affinis and O. setigera in JCK. In summer Corycaeus spp., O. similis, A. hongi, Tortanus forcipatus were predominant in WKC, C. affinis, Pseudodiaptomus marinus in SCK, O. similis, A. omorii, Corycaeus sp. in EKC, and A. steueri, A. pacifica, Oithona sp., C. sinicus in JCK. The copepod community in the Korean coastal areas were classified into four areas, WKC-western SCK, eastern SCK, EKC and JCK according to differences in environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, Chl-a concentration, and suspended matter concentration of each coastal area.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1998

An antimicrobial peptide producing bacterium, Bacillus subtilis A405, was screened and identified among 700 of antagonistic bacteria. The heat-resistant antimicrobial peptide, AMP-405, was purified from the broth culture of B. subtilis A405 through $20{\sim}40%$ ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. The AMP-405 exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Celletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Pyricularia oryzae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Candida albicans. The molecular weight of the peptide was about 3.0 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE and Tris-Tricine gradient electrophoresis, and composed of 9 kinds of amino acid such as aspartic acid, glycine, serine, glutamine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tyrocine. To determine the efficiency of AMP-405 as a potential maintenance of fruits freshness, cherry tomato was srored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks after treatment with $50{\mu}g/ml$ of AMP-405 and $10^{5}$ spores/ml of Botrytis cinerea simultaneously. Treatment with AMP-405 resulted in significantly less infection by Botrytis cinerea, than the treatment with tap water as a control.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.61-75
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• 2009

The objective of this research is to the enhance the color function of work clothing : to research and analyze the hue and tone of work clothing colors to be used for machinery and heavy industries in national industrial complexes, Through this research, the color using problems which related with safety workers will be revealed. For this project, total 42 sets of work suits were sampled from 12 different companies in the machinery and construction industries in the national industrial complexes of Gyeongsang Namdo Province and 16 sets of work suits currently being sold in the market. The collected work suits samples were classified according to item types and design. Color measurements were taken thus: After calibration according to ASTM D1729 specifications of standardized configuration settings to match standardized luminous source D65(Daylight 6500K) in color cabinet BOTECK SuperLight-VI, the RGB values of the work suits were calculated using PANTONE Color Cue TX. The RGB values of the colors thus derived were converted into V/C values using the Munsell Conversion 9.0.6 and analyzed with Munsell's 10-color system and PCCS. The results were presented according to Munsell's color wheel and color and brightness distributions were expressed in table form, as well as presented as a tone map. Following analysis, color hue distribution was found to be concentrated around PB, and brightness distribution toward the low end and mid range of the scale. Saturation values were distributed mostly around the low end of the scale. Following color tone analysis according to PCCS, it became apparent that colors were mainly distributed around dkg, ltg, and g, at low- and mid-brightness and low-saturation. Therefore, it may be concluded that colors used in work suits in the machinery and heavy industries are mainly cool colors, at low- and mid-brightness and low saturation. It is conjectured that such colors were applied uniformly in the workplace in order to serve certain functions, such as concealment of stains and contamination. Therefore, it follows that the utilization of colors, among other functions served by working clothings, must be taken into consideration in order to enhance safety and efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1256-1266
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• 2009

Effects of particle size and physical effective fibre (peNDF) of rice straw in diets on chewing activities, feed intake, flow, site and extent of digestion and rumen fermentation in goats were investigated. A 4${\times}$4 Latin square design was employed using 4 mature Liuyang black goats fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae. During each of the 4 periods, goats were offered 1 of 4 diets that were similar in nutritional content but varied in particle sizes and peNDF through alteration of the theoretical cut length of rice straw (10, 20, 40, and 80 mm, respectively). Dietary peNDF contents were determined using a sieve for particle separation above 8 mm, and were 17.4, 20.9, 22.5 and 25.4%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the particle size and peNDF significantly (p<0.05) increased the time spent on rumination and chewing activities, duodenal starch digestibility and ruminal pH, and decreased ruminal starch digestibility and $NH_{3}$-N concentration. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients (i.e. dry matter, organic matter, and starch) and ruminal fermentation were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF. Increased particle size and peNDF did not affect ruminal fibre digestibility, but had a great impact on the intestinal and total tract fibre digestibility. The study suggested that rice straw particle size or dietary peNDF was the important influential factor for chewing activity, intestinal fibre and starch digestibility, and ruminal pH, but had minimal impact on feed intake, duodenal and ileal flow, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.100-100
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• 2017

2016년부터 중국에 수출한 진공포장 쌀이 진공이 풀려 중국 현지 소비자들에게 품질에 대한 신뢰저하로 외면 받아 판매에 어려움을 겪었다. 진공풀림 원인은 주로 포장재의 모양, 과열 열접착 및 운송 중 부주의 등을 들 수가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 쌀 진공포장 후 진공 풀림현상이 발생되는 원인을 분석하고, 진공포장에 적절한 포장재 및 취급조건에 대해 구명하여, 중국 쌀 수출 시 품질신뢰도 및 경쟁력 제고로 쌀 수출 확대를 위해 진공 포장재, 진공포장기술 및 운송 취급 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 미곡종합처리장에서 사용하고 있는 플라스틱 필름 포장재의 적합 여부를 살펴보기 위하여 산소투과도 및 투습도를 산소투과도 측정장치(OX-Tran Model 2/61, Mocon, USA), 투습도 측정장치(Permatran-W Model 3/33, Mocon, USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 적정 열접착 온도를 구명하기 위하여 열접착 작업시간 간격 3, 5, 10초 3수준으로 하고 가열시간을 0.2초~2초까지 9수준으로 설정하여 포장필름을 열접착한 후 접착상태를 조사하였다. 진공 포장된 쌀을 골판지상자에 2차 포장하여 운송할 때 진공풀림 현상이 발생 여부를 조사하기 위해 가상 운송시험을 진동시험 장치를 이용하여 수직 및 수평으로 진동시험을 수행하였으며, 또한 취급조건에 따라 진공풀림을 조사하기 위하여 골판지 상자단위, 비닐포장 단위로 50, 70, 90cm 높이에서 낙하 시험을 하고 진공풀림여부를 조사하였다. 유통 중인 쌀 진공 포장재는 나이론(nylon)+선형저밀도폴리에틸렌(LLDPE) 복합필름으로 산소투과도가 $30{\sim}70cc/m^2{\cdot}day$, 투습도가 $2{\sim}4.5g/m^2{\cdot}day$로 산소투과도 및 투습도가 충분히 낮아 진공포장재로 적합했으며, 적정 열접착온도 조건은 $130{\sim}150^{\circ}C$에서 1~1.5초가량 가열해야 되는 것으로 조사되었다. 진동시험 및 낙하시험결과, 골판지박스 포장 시 완충재를 사이에 넣은 경우 진골풀림이 적었고, 상자단위나 비닐포장단위 모두 가능한 50cm보다 높은 곳에서 낙하충격을 받지 않도록 취급해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2003

This study was performed the analysis of seven kinds of the hight school chemistry II textbooks based on the 6th curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activity part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the total number of themes in seven kinds of textbook was 212. And the number of inquiry activities in seven kinds of textbook was diverse: A textbook had 28, B textbook 25, C textbook 31, D textbook 35, E textbook 31, F textbook 29 and G textbook 33. As for the avaerage number of inquiry activities of each chapter, chapter I "Material Science" is 3.00(9.91${\%}$), chapter II "Atomic Structure and Periodic Table" 4.57(15.1${\%}$), chapter III "Chemical Bonding and Compound" 6.86(22.6${\%}$), chapter IV "State of Matter and Solution" 7.00(23.1${\%}$), chapter V "Chemical Reaction" 8.86(29.2${\%}$). For the analysis of inquiry process dimension, it follows in the order of 'observation and measuring (66.7${\%}$)', 'Interpreting data and formulating generalizations (26.5${\%}$)', 'seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it (4.1%)', and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model (2.7${\%}$)'. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the scientific context occupied 90.5${\%}$, the individual context 4.3${\%}$, the social context 0.9${\%}$, and the technical context 4.3${\%}$. It shows that the proportion of STS(Science-Technology-Society) related contents in inquiry activities was only 9.5${\%}$.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2007

The development of domestic plant specific emission factors is very important to estimate reliable national emissions management. This study, for the reason, was carried out to obtain advances emission factor for Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) by source-specific emission tests from the iron and steel industry sector which is well known as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases ($CO_2$). Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$. There was no good information available on $CO_2$ plant specific emission factors from the iron and steel industry in Korea so far. The major emission sources of $CO_2$ examined from the iron and steel manufacturing precesses were a hot blast stove, coke oven, sintering furnace, electric arc furnace, heating furnace, and so on. In this study, the concentration of $CO_2$ from the hot blast stove process was the highest among all processes. The $CO_2$ emission factors for a ton of Steel and Iron products (using B-C oil) were estimated to be 0.315 $CO_2$ tonne (by Tier 3 method) and 4.89 $CO_2$ tonne. In addition, emission factor of $CO_2$ for heating furnace process was the highest among all process. Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2000

Objective : This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Sunghyangchungisan (SHCS) on the regulation of vascular tone and $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism in arterial tissues. Vascular rings isolated from rabbit carotid artery were myographed isometrically in isolated organ baths and the effect of SHCS on contractile activities, endothelial function and $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism were determined. Methods : In phentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rabbits, SHCS administered through ear vein (100 mg/Kg body wt.) or intragastric dwelling tube (300 mg/Kg body wt.) attenuated phenylephrine (PE, 10 ${\mu}g$/Kg, i.v.)-induced increases in both systolic and diastolic cartoid arterial blood pressure. Results : In experiments with isolated arterial strips, SHCS relaxed arterial rings which were pre-contracted by phenylephrine (PE, 1 ${\mu}M$). The responses to SHCS were partially dose-dependent at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. When SHCS was applied prior to the exposure to PE, it inhibited the PE-induced contraction by a similar magnitude which was comparable to the relaxation of pre-contracted arterial rings. Washout of SHCS after observing its relaxant effect resulted in a full recovery of PE-induced contractions, indicating that the action mechanism is reversible. The observation that SHCS did not change the $ED_{50)$ of PE oh its dose-response curve ruled out the possible interaction of SHCS with ${\alpha}$-receptors. The relaxant effect of SHCS was not affected by removal of endothelium or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME. Methylene blue, an inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase, did not affect the relaxant effect of SHCS. These results suggest that the action of SHCS is not mediated by the endothelium nor soluble guanylate cyclase. Constant cGMP production determined in arterial strips in the presence or absence of SHCS is consistent with this conclusion. When contraction was induced by additive application of $Ca^{2+}$ in arterial rings which were pre-depolarized by high $K^+$ in a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, the relaxant effect of SHCS was attenuated by increasing the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. SHCS, when applied to the arterial rings pre-contracted by PE and then relaxed by nifedipine, a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, did not show additive relaxation. SHCS partially blocked $Ca^{2+}$ influx stimulated by PE and high $K^+$ which was determined by 5-min ^{45}Ca$ uptake, while it did not affect $Ca^{2+}$ efflux. Conclusions : From above results, it is suggested that SHCS relax PE-induced contraction of rabbit carotid artery in an endothelium independent manner, andinhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ influx may contribute to the underling mechanism.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

Although the mealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor) is high protein source, aversion feature of the larva made it difficult for consuming as a food. In this study, we established optimal powder manufacturing process for T. molitor larva for using as a novel food. For this purpose, it should be feed with the bran sterilized by water vapor for 3-5 days, starved without water or food for 3 days, and then the larvae were sterilized before freeze-drying. The sterilized T. molitor was lyophilzed and grinded by a blender. A safety of the powder as a food was validated by evaluation of Raw 264.7 macrophage cytotoxicity using MTS assay. As above results, we propose that optimal powder manufacturing process established in this study can be used in industrial production of T. molitor as a novel food.