• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

Two genes, SinIFS1 and SinIFS2 from Korean soybean cultivar, Sinpaldalkong known as one of isoflavonerich cultivars, were cloned with PCR and degenerate primers. The sequences of two genes were analyzed with previously reported IFS genes of leguminous plants and their expression pattern in various environmental conditions was surveyed. The genomic clone of SinIFS1 contained 1,828bp nucleotides and encoded a polypeptide of 521 amino acids, and 1912bp nucleotides and a polypeptide of 521 amino acids for SinIFS2. Both genes included several conserved motifs, oxygen binding and activation (A/G-G-X-E/D-T-T/S), ERR triad (E...R....R), and heme binding (F-X-X-G-X-R-X-C-X-G) domain, which are typical in any member of cytochrome P45O superfamily. Very high sequence homology (>98%) was observed in the comparison with other IFSs of legumes. In the northern blot analysis to check the expression and increase of SinIFS1 to various environmental renditions (low temperature, light, dark, UV, and fungal elicitor), the most significant induction, more than 6 times of transcript level compared to the dark treatment as a control, was observed from the fungal elicitor treatment. The next up-regulated expression was from UV treatment (4${\times}$), low temperature and light conditions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2003

There have been worldwide research and development efforts to automate various processes of bio-production and those efforts will be expanded with priority given to tasks which require high intensive labor or produce high value-added product and tasks under hostile environment. In the field of bio-production capabilities of the versatility and robustness of automated system have been major bottlenecks along with economical efficiency. This paper introduces a new concept of automation based on tole-operation, which can provide solutions to overcome inherent difficulties in automating bio-production processes. Operator(farmer), computer, and automatic machinery share their roles utilizing their maximum merits to accomplish given tasks successfully. Among processes of greenhouse watermelon cultivation tasks such as pruning, watering, pesticide application, and harvest with loading were chosen based on the required labor intensiveness and functional similarities to realize the proposed concept. The developed system was composed of 5 major hardware modules such as wireless remote monitoring and task control module, wireless remote image acquisition and data transmission module, gantry system equipped with 4 d.o.f. Cartesian type robotic manipulator, exchangeable modular type end-effectors, and guided watermelon loading and storage module. The system was operated through the graphic user interface using touch screen monitor and wireless data communication among operator, computer, and machine. The proposed system showed practical and feasible way of automation in the field of volatile bio-production process.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1997

소 난포란의 체외성숙시 성숙배지에 FSH 및 LH의 첨가가 체외성숙난자의 calcium 반응과 체외수정란의 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 난포란의 체외성숙은 TCM199을 기초로 한 4가지의 배양조건 하에서 : 1) 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH＋5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH, 2) 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 3) 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH 및 4) 무 호르몬 첨가구로서 5% CO2에 24시간 동안 체외성숙을 유도하였다. 체외성숙 24기간째에 난포란의 과립막세포는 1ml PB1＋에서 4분 동안 vortexing을 하여 완전히 제거하였다. 세포 내 calcium 반응을 측정하기 위하여 2mM Fura-2 AM ester 및 0.02% Pluronic F-127가 첨가된 PB1-용액에 39$^{\circ}C$ in cubator에서 40분 동안 배양하였다. 30${\mu}\ell$ M2 medium drop을 30mm plastic dish에 만들어 20$\times$ 형광대물렌즈가 장착된 Nikon Diaphot 현미경의 장착된 Nikon Diaphot 현미경의 warm stage에 설치하였다. 세포 내 calcium 방출을 자극하기 위하여 난자에 25mM inositol 1, 4, 5-trasphophate(IP3)로 1.21kV/cm의 전기자극 또는 20mM ryanodine으로 미세주입을 실시하였다. 이러한 처리를 하지 않은 난자는 체외수정 후 CR1aa와 BRL monolayers의 공배양조건 하에서 체외발달을 유도하였다. 분할율(Day 2)과 배반포기발달율(Day 9)을 조사하였다. FSH와 LH의 처리구에서 IP3 또는 ryanodine으로 자극된 난자(1.79$\pm$0.05, 1.66$\pm$0.06)는 FSH, LH 및 무 호르몬처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 calcium 반응을 보였다(1.00$\pm$0.03, 1.28$\pm$0.04, and 0.53$\pm$0.02 in IP3 elctroporation; 0.68$\pm$0.05, 1.03$\pm$0.05, and 0.47$\pm$0.04 in ryanodine microinjection). FSH와 LH, FSH, LH처리구에서 분할율(87.9, 71.5 및 75.6%)은 무 호르몬처리구(60.7%)(P<0.05)에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며, FSH와 LH처리구(29.3%)에서의 배반포기 발달율은 FSH, LH 처리구뿐만 아니라 무 호르몬처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다(16.5, 19.0 and 9.8%)(P<0.05). Bovine FSH 및 Ovine FSH의 처리구에서의 calcium 반응은 유의적인 차이가 없었다(1.72$\pm$0.05, 1.61$\pm$0.06). 또한 분할율(82.2 and 84.0%) 및 배반포기(27.8 and 27.1%) 발달율도 bovine 및 ovine FSH처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 전기자극에 의한 세포 내 calcium 반응은 체외성숙배지에 첨가하는 호르몬의 처리에 따라서 유의적인 변화를 보였다. 비록 분할율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 배반포기 발달율은 FSH와 LH 공동처리구에서 FSH, LH 단독처리구 및 무 호르몬처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 발달율을 보였다. 체외성숙기간에 FSH와 LH의 공동첨가는 체외성숙 및 체외발달의 생리적인 교정을 위하여 요구되는 것으로 사려된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of crossbreds between Korean native boars and Landrace sows and their relationships with meat qualities. The data used were weight-age data and carcass data from 131 males and 122 females raised at N.L.R.I in Korea. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight(A), average maturing rate(k), and average inflection point(u) showing maximum growth rate estimated were 179.54${\pm}$6.06kg, 0.3154${\pm}$0.0059, and 5.50${\pm}$0.11 months in females, and 179.84${\pm}$6.33kg, 0.3049${\pm}$0.0061, and 5.24${\pm}$0.13 months in males, respectively. For the growth curve parameters and derived statistics, the phenotypic correlations of maturing rate with gain rate at inflection, mature weight, and inflection point were - .30, - .77, and - .93 in male, and - .31, - .78 and - .94 in female, respectively. Matrure weight was positively correlated to the inflection point as + .89 in both male and female, indicating that late maturing pigs with lower k had longer maturing period with increasing gain rate and reached point of inflection later than early maturing pigs with higher k, and grew to larger mature weight. Backfat thickness and erode fat contents were correlated with mature weight positively in male and negatively in female, and correlated with gain rate at inflection point positively in both male and female, of which coefficients were as high as .42 and .50 in male, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1988

We have treated patients who have visited pain clinic and those admitted to the other departments of Pusan National University Hospital from Mar. 1987 to Feb. 1988 with complaints of severe cancer pain on both upper and lower abdomen and extremities by continuous administration of a very small amount of morphine in the lumbar subarachnoid(group I) and epidural(group II) space in 10 cases respectively. The results of analgesia obtained are as follows: 1. The average duration in onset of analgesia was 8 mins. in group I and 23 mins. in group II. 2. The average duration In maintaining analgesia was 12.4 hrs. in group I and 18.4 hrs. in group II. 3. The efficiency of analgesia in group I was excellent in 5, good in 4, and null in 1, and group II was excellent in 5, good in 2, and moderate in 3. 4. The degree of tolerance in group I was rather mild comparable ti that of pain score 4 till the 22nd. day of morphine administration. 5. The complications are: 2 of respiratory distress in group I, 2 of voiding difficulties in both group I and II, 1 of itching sensation in both group I and II, 1 of euphoria with hallucination In group I, and 1 of C.S.F leakage in group II. As results, it is thought that epidural administration is safer than subarachnoid administration in achieving analgesia with morphine among patients with malignant pain if the problem of tolerance is solved.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.349-358
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• 2002

CIP, or Corporate Identity Program is a program to standardize, conforming to a set of regulations, various visual media which form a corporate environment based on the concepts drawn from the corporate strategies in order to actively create a planned but ideal corporate image. However, both the recent corporate renovation and the emergence of a new type of corporations prompted by a rapid change in an corporate environment caused the existing corporate concepts to be adapted to such a change. Particularly various visual media related to a corporate image are getting digitalized, and the emergence of a new and varied type of visual media give rise to a new pattern of the identity design accommodating such changes. It may be improper and insufficient for the existing CIP to be applied on the franchising business which is considered most suitable for the new corporate environment. Business firm's office work has long been operated in an computing environment where the computer does all the work, and an individual home as well as small business began widely using the computer. It may therefore be necessary that the corporate identity design for the franchising business should include not only the use of visual media but new, ultramodern information media as well, departing from the CIP heavily centered on the usual print media. This study, for this reason, separates the identity design for the franchising business from the existing CIP to call it FIP, or Franchise Identity Program, and discusses its concept and details.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The accuracy of a gypsum model (GM), which was taken using a conventional silicone impression technique, was compared with that of a polyurethane model (PM), which was taken using an iTero$^{TM}$ digital impression system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary first molar artificial tooth was selected as the reference tooth. The GMs were fabricated through a silicone impression of a reference tooth, and PMs were fabricated by a digital impression (n=9, in each group). The reference tooth and experimental models were scanned using a 3 shape convince$^{TM}$ scan system. Each GM and PM image was superimposed on the registered reference model (RM) and 2D images were obtained. The discrepancies of the points registered on the superimposed images were measured and defined as GM-RM group and PM-RM group. Statistical analysis was performed using a Student's T-test (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. A comparison of the absolute value of the discrepancy revealed a significant difference between the two groups only at the occlusal surface. The GM group showed a smaller mean discrepancy than the PM group. Significant differences in the GM-RM group and PM-RM group were observed in the margins (point a and f), mesial mid-axial wall (point b) and occlusal surfaces (point c and d). CONCLUSION. Under the conditions examined, the digitally fabricated polyurethane model showed a tendency for a reduced size in the margin than the reference tooth. The conventional gypsum model showed a smaller discrepancy on the occlusal surface than the polyurethane model.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 2006

The survey was conducted with participation of the 289 handicapped persons residing at the rural area OOeup-gun in Kyungbook for the period of March 2 - May 31, 2006, to study the nature in general of the handicapped and the boundaries of their need. For the nature in general of the handicapped, the study was done by gender iscrimination, age, marital status, religion, educational level, occupation, monthly income, disability cause, disabled duration, disability type, disability level. For the boundaries of their need, the study was done by demand of financial support, educational demand, demand of voluntary workers, need of rehabilitation and medical treatment, job training, improvement of living conditions, or so. Using the Win.SPSS program, we made a frequency analysis and conclusions on the nature in general of the handicapped and the boundaries of their need on a 2-test. Conclusions are : 1. Nature in general of the handicapped The existence of the handicapped shows high at the age over 51 (71.6%), male-handicapped (65.1%), primary school graduates (62.9%), farming engaging (65.2%), monthly income less than one million Won (80.5%), cause by disease (53.8%), duration more than 10 years (61.6%), disability at level 3 (39.8%), extremity disability (66.4%). 2. Correlation of nature in general with demand of the handicapped a. In demanding the financial support, support for helper’s compensation shows high (p<0.05). In demanding the necessity of voluntary workers, the male-handicapped appears high during the absence of family assistance and the female-handicapped appears differently per week and also appears high during the absence of family assistance (p<0.05). b. In educational demand of the handicapped by their age, the age below 30 demands technical-job training and the age over 31 demands medical education for health care (p<0.01). c. In demanding the financial support by educational level, support for living cost shows high (p<0.05). d. In demanding improvement of living conditions by postnatal cause of disability, improvement of house structure shows high (p<0.05). e. In demanding assistance of voluntary workers by disabled duration, "No Need" shows high in the disabled duration more than 4 years (p<0.05). f. In demanding rehabilitation and medical treatment by disability type, home-visiting treatment, oriental medical treatment and physical therapy show high (p<0.001). g. In educational demand by disability level, medical education for health care shows high (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1983

The effect of dietary calcium and magnesium on the 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.34) in rabbit's liver microsomal protein was studied for a period of 4 weeks using isocalories and isonitro-genous as a basal diet. The experimental rabbits fed the following basal diets, such as crude protein 68.45%, carbohydrates 13.38%, fats 16.17% and added some sorts of calcium and magnesium, according to experimental plan making. The subject rabbits were divided into 9 feeding groups. The results are summarized as follows. Body weight gains per week of the groups fed magnesium and basal diet showed a little bit increase, but the groups fed calcium and basal diet showed a little bit decrease compare with control group. In case of serum magnesium, control group was 9.5mg% groups fed basal diet and magnesium were 8.27mg% in average, groups fed basal diet and calcium were 4.45mg% in average. In case of serum calcium, control group was 15.3mg%, groups fed basal diet and magnesium were 14.6mg% in average, groups fed basal diet and calcium were 14.1mg% in average. There was no great difference between magnesium fed groups in serum calcium. In serum triglyceride, control group was 82.8mg%, groups fed magnesium and basal diet were 60.3mg% in average, groups fed calcium and basal diet were 69.5mg% in average. The calcium fed groups were higher than the magnesium fed groups in serum triglyceride. In serum cholesterol, control group was 80mg%, groups fed magnesium and basal diet were 64.3mg% in average, groups fed calcium and basal diet were 56.3mg% in average. The calcium fed groups were lower than the magnesium fed groups in serum cholesterol. In case of the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, control group was 0.998nmol/min/mg protein, groups fed magnesium and basal diet of HMG-CoA were 0.849nmol/min/mg in average.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.348-358
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• 2001

This study was designed to identify the relationship between the level of sense of coherence(SOC) and coping resources of nurses working in hospital. The subjects of this study were 248 nurses working at C University hospital in Seoul. The data was collected during the period from July 1. to July 14. 2001. The insruments for this study were SOC scale by Antonovsky(1987) and Coping Resources Inventory by author. The analysis of data was done by simple statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient with SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Total mean SOC was 132.1/203.0 with a range 96.0 to 171.0. The mean score of this item was arranged according to three areas. The meaningfulness was 4.9, managability was 4.7, and comprehensibility was 4.2. 2. Total mean coping resources was 144.5/225.0 with a range 93.0 to 190.0. The highest mean score of item according to the area was social support 4.0 and the lowest mean score was self care coping 2.7. 3. A significant statistical difference between age, religion, spending money and SOC was found. 4. Significant statistical difference between age, educational level, spending money, working period and coping resources were found. 5. Coping resources by the level of SOC was high in the highest group of SOC(F=6.19, p=0.00). With respect to the area of coping resources, higher group of SOC was using much coping resources generally except area of leisure. 6. SOC was positively related to age(r=0.17), working periods(r=0.16), each SOC area, coping resources and all area of them except leisure. 7. The coping resources were positively related to age(r=0.21), working periods(r=0.21), SOC (r=0.49), each coping resources area, and each SOC area. In conclusion, we confirmed that the level of SOC of the subjects was low relatively and the high level of sense of coherence was related to the high score of coping resources. Therefore, it could also contribute to select suitable nurses in their fields. In the future, it's necessary to develop strategies improving SOC.