• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 1971

The growth characteristics of Candida tropicalis KIST 351 on gas oil substrate under different culture conditions were investigated and the preliminary animal feeding experiments using this yeast as a partial substitute of fish meal was also conducted. The yeast assimilates effectively n-paraffins in gas oil ranging from $C_{16}$ to $C_{16}$ with its maximum cell growth at $33^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5 with aeration of 3 vvn and agitation of 900 rpm. The optimal concentrations of nitrogen sources, $HK_2PO_4$ and $Na_2HPO$ were 4, 2 and 0.5g/1, respectively. Ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate showed positive effect to cell growth with the optimal range of 5-10 ppm. In the feeding experiment with 3 and 5% incorporation of the gas oil grown yeast, neither adverse effects on growth of chicks nor toxic effect were observed. Protein content of the dried cell was 58.8% and its amino acid composition compared well with other single-cell protein products and FAO reference protein.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2009

Anticandidial activity of seven herbal extracts, Taraxacum Platycarpum, Houttuyniae Herba, Lonicerae Flos, Anemarrhena Rhizome, Forsythia Fruit, Paeoniae Ratix, and Coptidis Rhizoma, were determined against five different Candida sp. by agar diffusion assay. The concentration of total phenolic compounds of seven herbal extracts ranged from 0.6 to $2.5{\mu}g/mg$. The total antioxidant activities showed that Taraxacum Platycarpum and Houttuyniae Herba were 60% in 80% ethanol extract and Lonicera Flower and Paeoniae Ratix were 70, 75%, respectively, in 100% ethanol extract. Coptidis Rhizoma extract showed antifungal activity against non-Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The MIC values of a compound separated in TLC from Coptidis Rhizoma extract were 24, and $48{\mu}g/mL$ against C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The above compound showed the same retention time with berberin in HPLC analysis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. from blood culture to provide useful information on empirical treatment of Candidemia. We investigated distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. isolated from blood culture during an 8-years (2016-2023) in a C-University hospital. Over 8 years, 1,182 Candida strains from blood culture were isolated, which was fourth most common cause of bloodstream infection. Among nonduplicated 350 Candida strains, C. albicans was the most common with 45.43%, followed by C. glabrata (17.43%), C. tropicalis (17.43%), C. parapsilosis (14.86%), C. guilliermondii (1.71%), C. krusei (0.86%), C. lusitaniae (0.86%), C. ciferrii (0.57%). In the antifungal susceptibility testing on 323 Candida strains, the non-susceptibility rate was 2.48% for amphotericin B, 1,71% for flucytosine, 3.09% for fluconazole, 4.66% for voriconazole, 5.57% for caspofungin, and 0.62% for micafungin. In particular, C. albicans showed non-susceptibility of 8.23% to voriconazole, and C. glabrata showed 14.81% and 24.59% to fluconazole and caspofungin, respectively. These data showed that the prevalence of candidemia is very common, and antifungal resistance in Candida spp., especially C. glabrata, is increasing. Therefore, periodic surveillance of prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of blood culture is very important for clinical laboratory.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.2 s.125
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• pp.140-144
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• 2001

The composition of essential oils in the leaves of three cultivars (Ban-Chung-Gat, Chung-Gat and Dolsan-Gat) of Brassica juncea L. were analyzed and their antifungal activity were investigated in this study. Allyl isothiocyanate, 2-phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate, 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene, 5-methyl isothiazole, benzene acetaldehyde, benzene propane nitrile and beta-ionone have been identified in all of the experimented oils. The main component of the oils from Ban-Chung-Gat and Chung-Gat was 2-phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate while allyl isothiocyanate was the representing compound in the oil of Dolsan-Gat. The antifungal activities of the oils were tested by micro broth dilution method and disc diffusion method. As the result the oils exhibited significant inhibiting activities against Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride, Candida albicans, C. utilis, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon mucoides, Trichophyton tonsurans and Geotrichum capitatum.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1971

This experiment was carried out to research for the use of the mycelium and enzyme on the production of fermented feed. Among 354 strains isolated from natural sources, 3 strains of useful yeasts were selected and identified, and the cultural conditions of these strains were examined. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The strian No.55, No.112 and No. 340 selected were identified Endomycopsis fibuliger, Endomycopsis javanensis and Candida tropicalis, respectively. 2) The optimum pH and sugar concentration of the medium for the strain No.55, No.112 and 340 selected was around pH 6.5and Bllg.10.deg.. The optimum temperature for the growth of the strain No.55 and No.112 selected was 30.deg.C and was 25.deg.C of strain No.340. 3) The strain No.55 and No.112 were grown exceedingly well on the media containing 0.1 percent of (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/SO/sub 4/.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

To defend putrifaction of the processed rice cake from gas-forming yeast during storage and distribution it needed to reduce and remove them. The sanitizers of ethanol and organic acids were applied on Pichia anomala, Candida tropicalis, and isolated yeasts from the putrified cut rice cake. Although growth inhibition effect by the sanitizer of 20% ethanol, 1% acetic acid, or 1% lactic acid respectively were very low, the combined sanitizer of 20% ethanol and 1% acetic acid, or 1% lactic acid showed very high sterilizing effect toward the yeasts. Six log cfu/ml of the yeast was reduced with this combined sanitizers for 30 minutes. In addition, the combined sanitizer heated from 20 to $50^{\circ}C$ had more the increased sterility. Therefore, the sanitizer of the combined ethanol with the acetic acid or the lactic acid for 30 minutes at $50^{\circ}C$ might reduce or sterilize the putrifying yeast at the processed rice cake. The result might be also applied to the effective pre-treatment of many agricultural food stuffs, against yeast, especially unsterilized stuffs, without any hazards from the special sanitizers and nutritional loss from harsh sterilization.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 1976

To meet the need of protein feed and fine more efficient ways of returning waste to resources, we have carried out the study of the production of yeast for foods and feeds from the corn starch cake. The present study includes the method for acid-hydrolysis, the selection of yeast capable of utilizing hydrolyzate of the corn starch cake, and culture condition of Candida tropicalis under the liquid culture and the semisolid culture. Obtained results were as follows. 1. Hydrochloric acid was more excellent on the hydrolysis of the corn starch cake than sulfuric acid, and the yield of sugar was maximum, 57.2%, when the corn starch cake was hydrolyzed with 1.0% of hydrochloric acid at 2.0kg/cm for 30 minutes. 2. As the acid solution content was increased, more sugar was liberatedfrom the mixture, until the acid solution-substrate ratio reached 10:1. Beyond this point, no further increase was observed. To prepare the cultural medium of semisolid fermentation, a acid solution to substrate ratio of 3:1 appeared to be optimum. 3. Out of 6 yeast strains, Candida tropicalis had excellent growth on the hydrolyzate of the corn starch cake, and optimum temperature and initial pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6.0 respectively. 4. Optimum liquid medium of Candida tropicalis is ures 0.3%, potassium phosphate monobasic 0.15g and magnesium sulfate 0.04g in 100ml of the hydrolyzate of the corn starch cake, while optimum semisolid medium is ammonium chloride 0.4g, potassium phosphate monobasic 0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.04%. 5. Candida tropicalis could assimilate the sugar in the hydrolyzate up to more than 88.75%, and a yield of dry yeast reached 19.13% to the corn starch cake under the liquid culture. 6. Compared to the that of the untreated corn starch cake, the cellulose content of the semisolid fermented cake decreased by 3.76% to 14.7%, whereas dry yeast contents increased by 13.89%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.795-800
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• 2002

6,7-Bis-[S-(aryl)thio]-5,8-quinolinediones 4 and 5 were synthesized by the substitution of 6,7-dichloro-5,8-quinolinediones with appropriate arylthiols. Their antifungal activity were tested in vitro for their growth inhibitory activities against pathogenic fungi in comparison with flucytosine. The antifungal activities were significantly improved by S-(aryl)thio moieties of the compounds 4 and 5. The all tested compounds 4 and 5 showed generally good activities against C. albicans and A. niger ranging from 0.8 to 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Among them, compounds 4d-4h and 5a-5c exhibited also good activities against C. krusei and C. tropicalis. The activities of compounds 4j and 4I were comparable to those of flucytosine against all tested fungi.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1067-1070
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• 2004

In the course of screening for specific inhibitors against the mycelial form of Candida albicans from natural resources, we have isolated and identified A6792-1 from Streptomyces sp. A6792 by using several chromatographies. By spectral analyses, this compound was determined as 7-oxostaurosporine, having a structure of staurosporine aglycon noiety. 7-Oxostaurosporine exhibited a selective growth inhibitory activity against the mycelial form of Candida spp. up to $100\mu\textrm{g}/disc$ in bioassay. It also exhibited a specific antifungal activity against the mycelial form of Candida spp. including C. krusei, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae with MICs ranging from 3.1 to $25\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 7-Oxostaurosporine demonstrated no in vivo toxicity in SPF ICR mice. Therefore, this compound may have a considerable potential as an antifungal agent based on the preferential inhibition against growth of the mycelial form of Candida spp., dimorphic fungi.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2007

The demand of L-arabinose has been increased recently because of its advantages including clinical effect. L-arabinose can be produced from dilute acid hydrolysis of agricultural wastes. In this study, optimum conditions of L-arabinose production using dilute acid hydrolysis of agricultural wastes and nutshells were determined. Among the tested various agricultural wastes and nutshells, corn fiber was selected as the best raw material for the production of arabinose. The highest arabinose production was achieved an acid hydrolysis of corn fiber for 1 h at 130$^{\circ}C$ with 0.4% sulfuric acid. Above optimal conditions, it was obtained 20.1 g/L glucose, 10.1 g/L xylose, 7.8 g/L arabinose and 1.8 g/L galactose from 90 g/L of corn fiber. For the purification of arabinose, it was carried out to remove all of sugars except arabinose by the Candida tropicalis cultivation of acid hydrolyzate and an organic contaminants such as pigments by the active carbon treatment of fermentation broth. Moreover, experiments were carried out to eliminate an ions by exchange chromatography. Finally, we obtained 3.1 g of partially purified L-arabinose powder with about 40% yield by evaporation and vacuum drying.