• Title/Summary/Keyword: C. australis

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Inhibitory Effects on Melanin Biosynthesis and Tyrosinase Activity; Cytotoxicity in Clone M-3 and Antioxidant Activity by Cuscuta japonica, C. australis, and C, chinensis Extracts (새삼, 실새삼 및 갯실새삼 추출물이 Clone M-3 세포주의 Melanin 생합성 및 Tyrosinase 활성에 미치는 영향과 세포독성 및 항산화효과)

  • Chang, Soo-Jin;Suk, Kui-Duk
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.421-428
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    • 2006
  • Water extracts, ethanol extracts, and juice of Cusuta japonica, C, australis, and C. chinensis were prepared, and their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activitiy and melanin biosynthesis were estimated by using melanoma Clone M-3. From this study; the following conclusions were attained. Extracts of Cuscuta japonica, C. australis, and C. chinensis showed noticeable cytotoxicity except ethanol extracts from the stem of C. australis. A maximual cytotoxicity was observed with tile ethanol extract from the seed of C, australis (87.39%). While the ethanol extract from the seed of C. japonica (91.88%) showed the most pronounced inhibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis, the water extract from the stem of C. japonica (1.05%) possessed very little inhibitory effect. The most inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was observed with the water extract from the stem of C. australis (76.67%). Howeverr the water extract from the stem of C. japonica showed a very poor effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity All the preparations, except extracts from the seed of C. australis were able to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. The juice of C. japonica demonstrated the strongest activity (59.02%).

Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Cuscuta japonica Choisy's and C. australis R.Be's Extracts against Propionibacterium acnes (새삼 (Cuscuta japonica Choisy) 및 실새삼 (C. australis R.Be) 추출물의 여드름 유발균 Propionibacterium acnes 증식 억제 효과)

  • Lee, Sung-Ha;Kim, Kyong-Shin;Suk, Kui-Duk
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.35 no.4 s.139
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    • pp.375-379
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    • 2004
  • According to the traditional chinese herbal Cuscuta japonica Choisy and C. australis R.Be (original plant of Semen Cuscutae in Korea) have been used to cure pimple. In order to prove their bacteriostatic effects against Propionibacterium acnes, we performed the micro broth dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. japonica juice was 27.3 mg/ml, but C. australis juice showed no effect. The MIC of water extracted C. japonica seed and Wontosa and Bupjetosa were $960\;{\mu}g/ml$. The MIC of both water and ethanol extracts of C. australis seed was $9240\;{\mu}g/ml$. But ethanol extracts of C. japonicaseeds, Wontosa and Bupjetosa had no bacteriostatic activity. We also performed the disk diffusion test, C. japonica juice had prominent effect. Water extracts of C. japonica seed, Wontosa and Bupjetosa showed bacterio-static effect in 10 mg/ml, and C. australis seed in 10 mg/ml. The ethanol extract of C. japonica seed, Wontosa and Bupjetosa, and C. australis seed showed bacteriostatic effect in 20 mg/ml.

Inhibitory Effects of Cuscuta japonica Extract and C. australis Extract on Mushroom Tyrosinase Activity (새삼 (Cuscuta japonica Choisy) 및 실새삼 (C. australis R.Be) 추출물의 Mushroom Tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과)

  • Lee, Sung-Ja;Bae, Jung-Mi;Suk, Kui-Duk
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.35 no.4 s.139
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    • pp.380-383
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate mushroom Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Cuscuta japonica Choisy and C. australis R.Be. The experimental materials were expressed juice from their stems and flowers, both water and ethanol extracts, their seeds, and two kinds of commercially available cosmetic packing Wontosa and Bupjetosa (made from seeds of C. japonica). The 50% inhibitory concentration $(IC_{50})$ of C. Japonica juice was 5.4 mg/ml. However, C. australis juice showed negligible mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The $IC_{50}$ of water extracted C. japonica seed was $54.0\;{\mu}g/ml$, water extracted product of Wontosa $50.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ and Bupjetosa $40\;{\mu}g/ml$. The $IC_{50}$ of ethanol extracted C. japonica seed was $10\;{\mu}g/ml$, Wontosa $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ and Bupjetosa $20\;{\mu}g/ml$.

Metazoan Parasites Observed in Darkblotched Rockfish, Sebastes crameri (Jordan) in Newport Fish Market

  • Chun, Kae-Shik
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.309-311
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    • 2002
  • A total of ten specimens of darkblotched rockfish, Sebastes crameri obtain-ed from Newport fish market were examined for parasites during February, 2002. Eight out of ten S. crameri were found to be infected with metazoan parasites. They were flatworm Trochopus australis, nematoda Anisakis simplex, and copepods Neobrachiella robusta and Chondracanthus triventricosus. Nine (30.0%) T. australis, seven (30.0%) N. robusta, one (10.0%) C. triventricosus and seven (60.0%) A. simplex were infected. Among them, A. simplex was the most abundant and prevalent metazoan parasites in S. crameri. T. australis and N. robsta were found in gills with moderate intensity (1.7 and 1.9, respectively), and C. triventricosus in dorsal fin with low intensity (0.3).

Primary Production and Litter Decomposition of Macrophytes in the Sihwa Constructed Wetlands (시화호 인공습지에서 수생식물의 유기물 생산과 낙엽 분해)

  • Choi, Kwangsoon;Kim, Ho Joon;Kim, Dong Sub;Cho, Kang Hyun
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.347-356
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    • 2013
  • To provide the information for the wetland management considering the water treatment ability of macrophytes, the growth characteristics and primary production by reed (Phragmites australis) and cattail (Typha angustifolia), and the decomposition rate of organic matter produced were investigated in two sub-wetlands (Banweol and Donhwa wetlands) of the Sihwa Constructed Wetland (CW) with different chemistry of inflows. The shoot height of P. australis and Typha angustifolia began to increase in March, and reached its peaks in July and August (340cm and 320cm, respectively). The shoot density of P. australis ranging $100{\sim}170EA/m^2$ was higher than that of T. angustifolia (max. $78EA/m^2$). Standing biomass of P. australis ranged from $1,350{\sim}1,980gDM/m^2$, with maximal biomass in Banwol Upper Wetland. And it was larger in upper wetlands than lower wetlands. On the other hand standing biomass of T. angustifolia ($1,940gDM/m^2$) was similar to that of P. australis in Banwol Upper Wetland. Primary productivity of P. australis was in the order of Banwol Upper Wetland ($2,050gDM/m^2/yr$) > Donghwa Lower Wetland ($1,840gDM/m^2/yr$) > Banwol Lowerr Wetland ($1,570gDM/m^2/yr$) ${\fallingdotseq}$ Donghwa Lower Wetland ($1,540gDM/m^2/yr$), and that of T. angustifolia ($2,210gDM/m^2/yr$) was higher than P. australis. Annual production of organic matter produced by P. australis and T. angustifolia was 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr), and about 90% was comprised of that by P. australis. From the litter decomposition rate (k) (P. australis: leaf 0.0062/day, stem 0.0018/day; T. angustifolia: leaf 0.0031/day, stem 0.0018/day), leaf was rapid degraded compare to stem in both P. australis and T. angustifolia. The litter decomposition rate of leaf was two times rapid P. australis than T. angustifolia, whereas that of stem was same in both. Annual litter decomposition amount of P. australis than T. angustifolia was 285 ton C/yr(67.3% of organic matter produced by macrophytes), indicating that 32.7% of organic matter produced by macrophytes is accumulated in the Sihwa CW.

Improved Method to Increase Conidia Production from Isolates of Different Pathotypes of Citrus Scab Pathogen Elsinoe spp.

  • Hyun, Jae-Wook;Paudyal, Dilli Prasad;Hwang, Rok-Yeon
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.231-234
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    • 2015
  • Elsinoe fawcettii and E. australis are two currently recognized scab pathogens of citrus. E. fawcettii has at least six pathotypes while E. australis has at least two pathotypes. Colonies of E. fawcettii and E. australis do not sporulate in artificial media including potato dextrose agar (PDA). Whiteside's method has been widely used for preparing conidial inoculum in vitro. This study was carried out to develop efficient method for conidia production from artificial media. We developed a shaking method which included the following steps: 1) Colony grown on PDA was mashed with a steel spatula; 2) Mycelia fragments were cultured in 50 ml sterilized rain water in a rotary shaker-incubator (180 rpm) at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 h: 3) The conidia suspension was filtered through two layers of cheesecloth. Average conidia production of all isolates tested using this shaking method was approximately 13.1 times higher than that from Whiteside's method in this study.

Marine Benthic Algal Community at Dadohaehaesang National Park, South-west Coast of Korea (남서해안 다도해해상국립공원 해조군집)

  • OH, Byoung Geon;Ahn, Jung Kwan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 2021
  • The marine algal flora and community structure of Dadohaehaesang National Park, the Southwestern coast of Korea, were investigated monthly during May, July and September 2012. As the results, a total of 86 species including 10 greens, 17 browns and 59 reds was identified, except for blue-greens and crustose reds. The seaweeds that commonly appear during the investigation period are the green algae Ulva australis, the brown algae Ishige okamurae, Myelophycus simplex, Sargassum fusiforme and S. thunbergii and the red algae Gelidiophycus freshwateri, Gelidium. elegans, Corallina officinalis, C. pilulifera, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, and Chondrus ocellatus. In Jodo district (Yemiri, Changuri), Ulva australis and Gloiopeltis furcata were dominant species in May, Sargassum fusiforme and Ulva australis were dominant in July, and Gelidiophycus freshwateri and Ulva australis were dominant in September. In Soan/Cheongsan district (Hwaheungpo, Jungdori), Gloiopeltis tenax and Chondracanthus tenellus were dominant species in May, and Gloiopeltis tenax and Chondracanthus tenellus were dominant in July as well as in the spring. And the Caulacanthus ustulatus and Corallina sp. were dominant species in September.

Chemical and Biological Investigations of the Constitutive Phenolics of Two Egyptian Folk-Medicinal Plants; A Novel Phenolic from the Galls of Tamarix aphylla

  • Barakat, Heba H.;Nada, Somaia A.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.96-101
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    • 1996
  • A new natural product, 3,4,8-trihydroxybenzopyranopyran-6,9-dione was isolated from the aqueous ethanolic gall extract of Tamarix aphylla (Tamaricaceae) along with the known phenolics, monodecarboxyellagic acid and brevifolin carboxylic acid as well. The structures have been established by ESI-MS, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectral analysis. Antiinflammatory, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities determination for both plant (Tamarix aphylla and Phragmites australis) were carried out on aq. ethanolic of extracts.

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New records of two soil and one marine ciliate species (Ciliophora: Intramacronucleata) from Korea

  • Park, Mi-Hyun;Min, Gi-Sik
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • v.6 no.spc
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    • pp.67-70
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    • 2017
  • Three ciliate species, Australocirrus australis (Foissner, 1995) Kumar and Foissner, 2015, Rimaleptus longitrichus ($Vd^{\prime}a{\check{c}}n{\acute{y}}$ and Foissner, 2008) $Vd^{\prime}a{\check{c}}n{\acute{y}}$ and Foissner, 2012, and Frontonia subtropica Pan et al., 2013, that were previously unreported in Korea were collected from terrestrial and marine habitats in Korea. Using live observation and protargol impregnation, the three species were identified using a combination of the following characteristics: Australocirrus australis, the distance between the anterior pretransverse cirrus and the anteriormost transverse cirrus (0.6-2.1% of body length) and the arrangement of the transverse cirri (oblique row); Rimaleptus longitrichus, the arrange of contractile vacuoles and longitudinal ciliary rows anteriorly spaced; Frontonia subtropica, number of somatic kineties (approximately 115 rows) and vestibular kineties (5 rows).

Effects of Various Physical and Chemical Factors on the Death of Trouble Seaweed Ulva australis (구멍갈파래(Ulva australis) 해조류 사멸에 미치는 여러 물리화학적 요인들의 영향)

  • Kim, Jin-Seog;Kwak, Hwa Sook;Kim, Bo Gwan
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.222-234
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    • 2017
  • Green tides, which was mainly caused by Ulva spp., have been increasing in severity and frequency globally, and have negatively affected on marine ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate effects of various physical and chemical factors on the death of Ulva australis (ULAUS) and to consider a practical measures useful for alleviating Ulva bloom. Soaking of ULAUS thalli in pure water for 8 hr didn't induce a death, but incubation in 1.0-1.5% salinity for 7 d inhibited sporulation by about 70%. Desiccation gave rise to a serious damage when more than 40-50% of initial fresh weight was lost. ULAUS growth was sensitive to temperature and seriously inhibited from more than $30^{\circ}C$. At $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, treatment time required for 90-95% death of ULAUS thalli was 1 d, 10 min, 30 sec, and 1 sec, repectively. ULAUS growth was seriously inhibited at lower than pH 6.0 and completely dead at pH 4.0. Several compounds for ULAUS control was selected and the chemcals causing a rapid death were oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium percarbonate. Taken together, our results suggest that low salinities, dryness, pH, high temp. and compounds could be selected for Ulva bloom control, and high temperature and compounds seems to be useful for a development of practical control methods.