• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

Background: Diabetes is accompanied by complications. One of the chronic complications, diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of the loss of eyesight and thus has enormous impacts on the quality of life to the patients. It has been reported that thorough glucose regulation can prevent or postpone the outset of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients and that the patients who received anti-diabetic manage & care education would be capable of more thorough glucose-level regulation than those who did not. Method: This study set out to investigate the current state of education on anti-diabetic manage & care in South Korea and connections between anti-diabetic manage & care education and occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2011. Results: Of the 410 diabetes patients, 74 received anti-diabetic manage & care education, which means that only 15% of diabetic patients benefited from the education in the nation. The occurrence rate of diabetic retinopathy was 28% in the education group and 24% in the non-education group with no significant differences between them. The anti-diabetic manage & care education group recorded a higher occurrence rate of diabetic retinopathy, one of the chronic diabetic complications, than the non-education group contrary to the hypothesis. One of the reasons was that the educated group had a significantly longer duration of diabetes and significantly higher HbA1c than the noneducated group, which indicates that anti-diabetic manage & care education is provided to those who have progressed farther along the course of diabetes instead of the early stage and cannot regulate their glucose-level well in the nation. Conclusion: Those findings raise a need for active educational policies in order to provide anti-diabetic manage & care education under the goals of preventing complications through anti-diabetic education for many patients in early stages of diabetes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.7 s.110
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• pp.909-922
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• 2006

The core assets include all properties which consist of an application in Product Line Engineering. The requirement, one of the core assets, is a basis of other core assets and commonality and variability of other core assets are classified by the requirement. accordingly, commonality and variability of the domain requirement should be managed objectively and it is necessary to make a process to reuse the domain requirements. However the requirement is analyzed by domain experts or developers without proper process. In this paper, we proposed the 4 activities: (1)the domain scoping, (2)the extraction and generalization of the domain requirement, (3)the domain requirement analyzing and modeling, (4)the change management, and sub activities. For all reasons given previously, it is possible to reduce the development time and cost by reusing the architectures and components related to the domain requirement. In addition, it is possible to increase the quality of the artifacts produced based on the requirements by managing them systematically.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.17-32
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• 2013

Reckless development policy, which has continued during the past several decades, caused landscape damage. In order to solve this problem, it is very urgent to conserve the habitat and to establish systematic database. Recently, various researches related to landscape damage have been conducted actively and the necessity of landscape ecological planning based on the biotop mapping has been issued as one of the solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select the study area, which is located in Guji-meon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu and will be formed into Daegu Science Park, and then to develop and apply the landscape ecological planning model based on biotop mapping in district unit. The results are as follows. Fist of all, according to the results of biotop classification with field survey and literature review, total 13 biotop and total 63 biotop types were classified. According to the first evaluation with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types were classified I grade including natural river with abundant plants(BA) and so on. While V grade, which has lowest value, was classified 16 biotop types including vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC). Also the second evaluation, we analyzed total 30 areas such as 1a, 1b grades, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop. Next, 2a, 2b, 2c grades were analyzed total 82 areas. Secondly, in the compliance with Ecological landscape planning, we divided landscape planning model into two parts such as setting of improvement goal and detailed implement plan. For instance, setting of improvement goal, we classified 9 parts such as conservation region and parts of detailed implement plan, we classified total 28 planning indicators with 4 view such as the region which should be special protected from nature and landscape. Lastly, with the developed landscape model we applied to research areas, made maps, and differentiate proposals in each region. Specially, the final master plan was made to help understand the contents of detailed landscape planning. This study will be a useful data, which can solve the landscape damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification, evaluation, landscape ecological planning model, and application method which we developed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 1999

The quality of progression at signalized intersection has the largest potential effect. TRANSYT-7F is widely used to estimate the signal progression delay, but the progress of collecting and executing the compute program appears to be rather cumbersome. The research is to develop the analytical and progressing platoon delay model that is as simple as the methodology of HCM and familiar with the output of simulation model. The general approach to this research was conducted to examine the Rouphail and NCHRP 339 methodology together with the existing progression delay model (TRANSYT-7F. HCM). The scope is contained to be applicable only to cycles with no overflow queue and to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of changes in the quality of traffic signal progression on stopped delay and to be analyzed a simple mathematical method. The principle assumption for this model is that secondary flows is dispersed and partly mixed with average flow of the primary progressed flow. A second assumption is that through flow is consisted with the part of saturation flow at the front of it and the part of average flow at the rear of it. The delay equations vary for two arrival. The conclusion of this study could be summarized as 1)The evaluation of this model was consistently similar to that of TRANSYT-7F, 2) Platoon pattern has the real traffic flow characteristics. 3) The computing process of progression delay is made to have simple logic and easy calculation by integration, 4) This model could be estimated to be applied in almost all case.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

Purpose : Intrarenal reflux(IRR) is backflow of urine from the renal pelvis into the collecting ducts. IRR is the main cause of renal injury in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) which leads to renal scars, hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure. The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of intrarenal reflux. Method : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 80 patients who were diagnosed as having grades of III-V VUR from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 in the department of pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of IRR on voiding cystoureterogram and compared to each other for the possible factors associated with intrarenal reflux. Results : Among 80 VUR patients, IRR(＋) group comprised 17(21.3%) patients and 27 renal units(23.2%) and revealed younger age, higher grade of VUR, and more proteinuria compared to IRR(-) group. There were no significant difference in gender, laboratory findings and the rate of resolution in VUR or defects on renal scan between two groups. Also, intrarenal reflux mostly corresponded to the same site of photon defects on DMSA scan. Conclusion : We suggest that intrarenal reflux tends to be associated with younger age, higher grade of reflux, more proteinuria with no difference in resolution rate of VUR when compared to the VUR patients without IRR. From this study, we were able to understand the characteristics of intrarenal reflux in children with urinary tract infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.432-435
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• 2002

The ultimate study of this research is to improve the properties of digital X-ray receptor based on amorphous selenium. There are being two prominent studying for Digital Radiography. Direct and Indirect method of Digital Radiography are announced for producing high quality digital image. But each two systems have strength and weakness. This is a basic research for developing of Hybrid digital radiography which is a new type X-ray detector. ln this study, we investigated the electrical characteristic of multi-layer$(CaWO_4+a-Se)$ as a photoconductor according to the changing iodine composition ratio. The iodine composition ratio of a-Se compound is classified into 5 different kinds which have 30ppm, 100ppm, 300ppm, 500ppm, 700ppm and were made test sample throught thermo-evaporation. The phosphor layer of $CaWO_4$ was overlapped on a-Se using EFIRON optical adhesives. We measured the dark and photo current about the test sample and compared the electrical characteristic of the net charge and signal-to-noise ratio. Among other things, test sample of compound material of 700ppm iodine showed good characteristic of $2.53nA/cm^2$ dark current and $479nC/cm^2{\cdot}mR$ net charge at $3V/{\mu}m$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

Electrode systems: a protrusion on conductor (POC), a protrusion on enclosure (POE), a crack in epoxy plate and a free particle (FP) were fabricated to simulate insulation defects in a gas insulated switchgear (GIS). $SF_6$ gas was filled in the electrode systems by 3 bar and/or 5 bar, respectively. Partial discharge (PD) pulses were detected through a $50{\Omega}$ non-inductive resistor. A calibration test was carried out according to IEC 60270, and the sensitivity was 0.25 pC/mV. PD pulses were distributed in the phase of $50^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ}$ and over 95% of them existed in the phase of $55^{\circ}{\sim}120^{\circ}$ for the POC. PD pulses were distributed in the phase of $230^{\circ}{\sim}310^{\circ}$ and over 90% of them existed in phase of $220^{\circ}{\sim}300^{\circ}$ for the POE. PD pulses occurred in the phase of $40^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$ and $220^{\circ}{\sim}300^{\circ}$ for the crack, and pulse counts were 25% higher in negative polarity than in positive polarity. PD pulses were distributed in every phase unlike to other three electrode systems and the peak magnitude was measured at $118^{\circ}$ and $260^{\circ}$ for the FP. As described above, PD pulses were observed in positive polarity for the POC, in negative one for the POE, in both one for the crack and the FP. In conclusion, it is expected that the identification rate of defect type can be improved by considering the polarity ratio of PD pulses on the PRPDA method.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.3-3
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• 1992

타이어 Curing공정은 공기압 타이어의 제조시 상당히 정교한 단계를 거쳐서 이루어지며, 이는 타이어 설계에 큰 영향을 줄 뿐만아니라, 타이어의 성능에도 관건이 있다. 본 연구에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 타이어의 molding 공정을 분석하였다. 유한요소해석 프로그램인 MARC가 Cured 타이어 내부의 Curing Bladder 팽창과정해석에 이용되었다. 비압축성 요소로 Curing Bladder를 모형화하였으며, MARC의 접촉문제해석기법(contact option)을 이용하여 Cured 타이어 내부와 Curing Bladder 외부의 접촉부위를 Simulation하였다. 본 연구의 주요 관심내용으로서는 Curing Bladder의 형상변화에 따른 Curing Bladder의 팽창거동해석과, Cured타이어와 Curing Bladder의 접촉부위에서 얻을 수 있는 접촉압력의 비교.검토이다. 타이어 Curing시 타이어와 Bladder의 Contact과정을 해석하여, 아래와 같은 결과를 도출하였다. Bladder의 형상은 Cylinderical 형상 보다는 Toroidal 형태가 접촉압 분포의 균일성 및 크기 측면에 서 우수한 것으로 판단된다. Curing Bladder의 증심선 부위 보다 이에서 약간 떨어진 부위에서 최대 접촉압력이 발생되며, 이는 타이어 내면의 굴곡현상과 깊은 관련이 있윰 것으로 사료된다. 타이어 Bead부의 Carcass 자연평형현상이 유지된 제품을 얻기위해서는, Side-Bead구간의 접촉압력 증가가 필요하며, 이를 위하여는 Bladder 형상이 Cylinderical 보다는 Toroidal 형태가 유리하고, Bead부의 Gage Down, 전체직경의 증가 및 높이의 증가가 유리한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 이용하여, 타이어 Curing과정에서 발생되는 불량제품의 원인파악 및 타이어 설계자가 원하는 제품생산의 불가능한 원인을 파악하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.를 C의 structure와 pointer를 기반으로 하게끔 변경시키고 이에 따르는 제반 변경 사항을 수정 보완하여 프로그램의 분석을 용이하게 하며 기능의 변경 및 추가가 수월하게 하였고 메모리를 동적으로 관리할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 기존의 smpl에 디버깅용 함수 및 설비(facility) 제어용 함수를 추가하여 시뮬레이션 프로그램 작성을 용이하게 하였다. 예를 들면 who_server(), who_queue(), pop_Q(), push_Q(), pop_server(), push_server(), we(), wf(), printfct() 같은 함수들이다. 또한 동시에 발생되는 사건들의 순서를 조종하기 위해, 동시에 발생할 수 있는 각각의 사건에 우선순위를 두어 이 우선 순위에 의하여 사건 리스트(event list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를 보이고 있지만 아직까지 증례가 많지 않기 때문에 생존율을 얻

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.423-423
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• 2013

3~5 족 반도체 물질인 phosphorus 화합물 중 대표적인 InAlP 삼종화합물은 작은 굴절률, 큰 밴드갭, GaAs와 lattice 일치 때문에 큰 주목을 받고 있고, p-type high electron mobility transistors(p-HEMT), laser diodes 등의 고속 전자소자 및 광전 소자에 응용이 가능한 매우 중요한 물질이다. 최적의 소자 응용기술을 위해서는, 정확한 광물성 연구가 수행되어야 하지만 InxAl1-xP 화합물에 대한 유전율 함수 및 전자전이점 등의 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1.5~6.0 eV 에너지 영역에서 각기 다른 In 조성비를 갖는 InxAl1-xP 화합물의 가유전율 함수 ${\varepsilon}={\varepsilon}_1+i{\varepsilon}_2$와 전자전이점 데이터를 보고한다. GaAs 기판 위에 molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)를 이용하여 InxAl1-xP (x=0.000, 0.186, 0.310, 0.475, 0.715, 0.831, 1.000) 박막을 성장하였고 타원편광분석기를 이용하여 유전율 함수를 측정하였다. 또한 실시간 화학적 에칭을 통하여 시료 표면에 자연산화막을 제거함으로써 순수한 InAlP의 유전율 함수를 측정할 수 있었고, 측정된 유전율 함수를 이차미분하여 In 조성비에 따른 전자전이점을 얻을 수 있었다. 얻어진 전자전이점 값을 이용하여 linear augmented Slater-type orbital method (LASTO) 를 통해 이론적 전자 밴드 구조 계산을 하였고, 이를 바탕으로 $E_0$, $E_1$, $E_2$ 전이점 지역의 여러 전자전이점($E_1$, $E_1+{\Delta}_1$, $E_0'$, $E_0'+{\Delta}_0'$, $E_2$, $E_2'$)의 특성을 정의할 수 있었고, $E_0'$과 $E_2$ 전이점의 에너지 값이 In 조성비가 증가함에 따라 서로 교차함을 발견할 수 있었다. 타원 편광 분석법을 이용한 유전율 함수 및 전자전이점 연구는 InAlP의 광학적 데이터베이스를 확보하는 성과와 더불어 새로운 디바이스 기술 및 광통신 산업에도 유용한 정보가 될 것이다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

Based on our experience in developing resistive humidity sensor, interdigital gold electrodes with different fingers and gaps have been fabricated on a glass epoxy (GE) substrate using screen printing techniques. The basic structure of the electrode consisted of a 3-, 4- and 5-fingers with gaps of 310 and 460 ${\mu}m$. Gold electrode/GE was prepared by first printing silver nanopaste, followed by consecutive electroless plating of Cu, Ni and then Au. Copolymer of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (MDBAC) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was used as a humidity-sensing polyelectrolyte, which was fabricated by a screen printing method on the Au electrode/GE substrate. The flexible humidity sensor showed acceptable linearity between logarithmic impedance and relative humidity in the range of 20-95%RH, low hysteresis of 1.5%RH, good response and recovery time of 75 sec at 1 V, 1 kHz, and $25^{\circ}C$. Electrode construction had a significant influence on the humidity-sensing characteristics of polymeric humidity sensors. The activation energy between electrode and ion conducting polyelectrolyte plays an important role in explaining the differences of humidity sensing characteristics such as temperature dependence, sensitivity, linearity and hysteresis.