동해 극전선역의 영양염류 순환과정 1. 추계 수괴와 영양염 분포와의 관계 (Regeneration Processes of Nutrients in the Polar Front Area of the East Sea 1. Relationships between Water Mass and Nutrient Distribution Pattern in Autumn)
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- 한국수산과학회지
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- 제29권4호
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- pp.503-526
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- 1996
1994년 11월 탐양호를 이용하여 동해 극전선역의 11개 정점에서 CTD 관측과 동시에 화학적 성분들의 개괄적 분포특성을 최대 1,000m 깊이까지 조사하였다. 수온, 염분 및 용존산소 등의 수직분포를 보면 정점 C3 및 D5 남쪽으로
본 연구는 딸기 중 bistrifluron 및 chlorantraniliprole을 예산군 포장(포장 1), 논산시 포장(포장 2)에 살포한 후, 약제처리 2시간 후를 0일차로 하여 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10일에 시료를 채취하였다. 두 시험농약을 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석 한 후 생물학적 반감기를 산출하고 생산단계 농약 잔류허용기준을 설정하였다. 정량한계는 모두 0.005 mg/kg이었으며, 회수율 분석 결과 bistrifluron의 경우 82.8~103.9%, chlorantraniliprole에서는 82.7~100.2%의 회수율을 보였으며, 10% 미만의 변이계수(Coefficient of variation, C.V.) 값을 만족하였다. 딸기 중 bistrifluron 및 chlorantraniliprole의 초기 잔류량은 포장 1에서 0.16 mg/kg, 0.17 mg/kg이었고, 포장 2에서는 0.15 mg/kg, 0.17 mg/kg으로 MRL(bistrifluron: 0.5 mg/kg, chlorantraniliprole: 1.0 mg/kg)보다 낮은 수준을 보였다. 10일 후 잔류량은 포장 1에서 0.05 mg/kg, 0.04 mg/kg, 포장 2에서는 0.05 mg/kg, 0.06 mg/kg이었으며, 초기농도 대비 66.67%, 76.49% 감소하는 것을 보였다. 잔류량에 따른 잔류감소 회귀식을 산출한 결과 딸기 중 두 약제에 대한 반감기는 bistrifluron에서는 두 포장 모두 6.3일, chlorantraniliprole은 4.7일(포장 1)과 6.4일(포장 2)로 나타났다. 잔류감소 회귀식을 이용하여 산출한 생산단계 잔류허용기준은 bistrifluron과 chlorantraniliprole의 수확 10일전 1.10 mg/kg, 2.29 mg/kg으로 제안하였다.
산소 과전압이 낮은
구룡산(九龍山)(또는 옥천(沃川)) 함(含)우라늄 흑연질점판암(黑鉛質粘板岩)은 옥천대(沃川帶) 서북부(西北部)에 따라 증상(層狀) 또는 부딘상(狀)으로 90km이상(以上) 연장(延長) 분포(分布)한다. 함(含)우라늄점판암(粘板岩)의 오토레디오그라프에 나타나는 퇴적(堆積), 속성(續成), 변성구조(變成構造)는 우라늄과 동시퇴적물(同時堆積物)로서 속성작용과정(續成作用過程)에서 전혀 이동(移動)하지 않고 황성변성(廣域變成) 초기(初期)에 제자리에서 미립(微粒)우라니나이트로 재결정(再結晶)하였음을 보여준다. 동시(同時)에 유기물(有機物)은 미세환장흑연(微細環狀黑鉛)으로 되었다. 라미나구조(構造)의 발달(發達)과 평균(平均) 19.64% C, 2.32% S의 함유(含有)는 함(含)우라늄흑니(黑泥) 퇴적(堆積)의 일반조건(一般條件)으로서의 극(極)히 낮은 퇴적화(堆積比), 고유기물함유(高有機物含有), 염기성황경등을 충족(充足)하였으며 Th/U가 0.07로서 해수원(海水源)임을 뜻한다. 지역별(地域別) CaO,
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
연구배경 : 통상성 간질성 폐섬유증(usual interstitial pneumonia : UIP)은 특발성 간질성 폐렴(Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia : I.I.P)의 한 형태로서 생존기간 중앙값이 약 3-5 년 정도로 보고되는 치명적인 질환으로 알려져 있으나, 최근 분류된 BOOP이나 NSIP등을 제외한 순수한 UIP환자들만을 대상으로 임상경과나 예후에 대한 연구는 외국에서도 극소수아고, 국내에서는 보고된 바가 없다. 이에 연구자들은 수술적 폐생검 검사로 확진된 UIP 환자들의 임상경과와 예후의 예측 지표를 찾고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1989년 3월부터 1999년 8월까지 서울중앙병원에서 개흉 또는 흉강경을 통한 폐생검검사로 UIP로 진단된 72명(연령
This project was a service-cum-research effort with a quasi-experimental study design to examine the health benefits of an integrated Family Planning (FP)/Maternal & Child health (MCH) Service approach that provides crucial factors missing in the present on-going programs. The specific objectives were: 1) To test the effectiveness of trained nurse/midwives (MW) assigned as change agents in the Health Sub-Center (HSC) to bring about the changes in the eight FP/MCH indicators, namely; (i)FP/MCH contacts between field workers and their clients (ii) the use of effective FP methods, (iii) the inter-birth interval and/or open interval, (iv) prenatal care by medically qualified personnel, (v) medically supervised deliveries, (vi) the rate of induced abortion, (vii) maternal and infant morbidity, and (viii) preinatal & infant mortality. 2) To measure the integrative linkage (contacts) between MW & HSC workers and between HSC and clients. 3) To examine the organizational or administrative factors influencing integrative linkage between health workers. Study design; The above objectives called for quasi-experimental design setting up a study and control area with and without a midwife. An active intervention program (FP/MCH minimum 'package' program) was conducted for a 2 year period from June 1982-July 1984 in Seosan County and 'before and after' surveys were conducted to measure the change. Service input; This study was undertaken by the Soonchunhyang University in collaboration with WHO. After a baseline survery in 1981, trained nurses/midwives were introduced into two health sub-centers in a rural setting (Seosan county) for a 2 year period from 1982 to 1984. A major service input was the establishment of midwifery services in the existing health delivery system with emphasis on nurse/midwife's role as the link between health workers (nurse aids) and village health workers, and the referral of risk patients to the private physician (OBGY specialist). An evaluation survey was made in August 1984 to assess the effectiveness of this alternative integrated approach in the study areas in comparison with the control area which had normal government services. Method of evaluation; a. In this study, the primary objective was first to examine to what extent the FP/MCH package program brought about changes in the pre-determined eight indicators (outcome and impact measures) and the following relationship was first analyzed; b. Nevertheless, this project did not automatically accept the assumption that if two or more activities were integrated, the results would automatically be better than a non-integrated or categorical program. There is a need to assess the 'integration process' itself within the package program. The process of integration was measured in terms of interactive linkages, or the quantity & quality of contacts between workers & clients and among workers. Intergrative linkages were hypothesized to be influenced by organizational factors at the HSC clinic level including HSC goals, sltrurture, authority, leadership style, resources, and personal characteristics of HSC staff. The extent or degree of integration, as measured by the intensity of integrative linkages, was in turn presumed to influence programme performance. Thus as indicated diagrammatically below, organizational factors constituted the independent variables, integration as the intervening variable and programme performance with respect to family planning and health services as the dependent variable: Concerning organizational factors, however, due to the limited number of HSCs (2 in the study area and 3 in the control area), they were studied by participatory observation of an anthropologist who was independent of the project. In this observation, we examined whether the assumed integration process actually occurred or not. If not, what were the constraints in producing an effective integration process. Summary of Findings; A) Program effects and impact 1. Effects on FP use: During this 2 year action period, FP acceptance increased from 58% in 1981 to 78% in 1984 in both the study and control areas. This increase in both areas was mainly due to the new family planning campaign driven by the Government for the same study period. Therefore, there was no increment of FP acceptance rate due to additional input of MW to the on-going FP program. But in the study area, quality aspects of FP were somewhat improved, having a better continuation rate of IUDs & pills and more use of effective Contraceptive methods in comparison with the control area. 2. Effects of use of MCH services: Between the study and control areas, however, there was a significant difference in maternal and child health care. For example, the coverage of prenatal care was increased from 53% for 1981 birth cohort to 75% for 1984 birth cohort in the study area. In the control area, the same increased from 41% (1981) to 65% (1984). It is noteworthy that almost two thirds of the recent birth cohort received prenatal care even in the control area, indicating that there is a growing demand of MCH care as the size of family norm becomes smaller 3. There has been a substantive increase in delivery care by medical professions in the study area, with an annual increase rate of 10% due to midwives input in the study areas. The project had about two times greater effect on postnatal care (68% vs. 33%) at delivery care(45.2% vs. 26.1%). 4. The study area had better reproductive efficiency (wanted pregancies with FP practice & healthy live births survived by one year old) than the control area, especially among women under 30 (14.1% vs. 9.6%). The proportion of women who preferred the 1st trimester for their first prenatal care rose significantly in the study area as compared to the control area (24% vs 13%). B) Effects on Interactive Linkage 1. This project made a contribution in making several useful steps in the direction of service integration, namely; i) The health workers have become familiar with procedures on how to work together with each other (especially with a midwife) in carrying out their work in FP/MCH and, ii) The health workers have gotten a feeling of the usefulness of family health records (statistical integration) in identifying targets in their own work and their usefulness in caring for family health. 2. On the other hand, because of a lack of required organizational factors, complete linkage was not obtained as the project intended. i) In regards to the government health worker's activities in terms of home visiting there was not much difference between the study & control areas though the MW did more home visiting than Government health workers. ii) In assessing the service performance of MW & health workers, the midwives balanced their workload between 40% FP, 40% MCH & 20% other activities (mainly immunization). However,