• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 1998

The study was carried out to screen mutagenicity of smoking materials for the determination of optimum smoking temperature for meat products. Wood materials employed for smoking were oak and apple trees. Temperatures of the generator for manufacturing of smoke flavoring were set to 250$^{\circ}C$, 400$^{\circ}C$ and 500$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mutagenic activities of smoke flavoring were assayed according to Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA 100. In oak wood smoke flavoring, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 without S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 6$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 4$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{circ}C$) and 6$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA100 with S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{\circ}C$) and 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 40$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{\circ}C$) and 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA100 with S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{\circ}C$) and 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{\circ}C$) and 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 40$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{\circ}C$) and30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA100 with S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentrations 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). Salmonella typhimurium TA100 with S-9 mix showed strong mutagenic activities at the concentration of 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(250$^{\circ}C$), 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(400$^{\circ}C$) and 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate(500$^{\circ}C$). From these results, it could be concluded that optimum smoking temperature for meat products should be set below 400$^{\circ}C$, that the compounds like benzo[a]pyrene etc. contain a variety of mutagenic potentials, which could be generated at the higher smoking temperature.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 컬러 정보와 퍼지 c-means 알고리즘을 이용한 차량 번호판 인식 방법을 제안하고 차량 번호판 인식을 이용한 주차관리시스템 개발에 대해서 기술한다 컬러 정보와 퍼지 c-means알고리즘을 이용한 차량 번호판 인식 기술은 차량의 영상에서 번호판을 추출하는 부분과 추출한 번호판 영역에서 문자를 인식하는 부분으로 구성된다 본 논문에서는 최빈수 평활화를 이용하여 차량 영상에서 녹색 잡음을 제거하고 RGB컬러에서 녹색 정보와 횐색 정보를 이용하여 번호판 영역을 추출하였다. 추출된 번호판 영역의 코드들은 히스토그램 방법을 이용하여 추출하였고 FCM(Fuzzy c-means) 알고리즘을 이용하여 차량 번호판을 인식하였다. 80개의 실제 차량 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과는 제안된 번호판 영역 추출 방법이 기존의 RGB정보를 이용한 방법과 HSI를 이용한 방법보다 추출율이 개선되었다 그리고 FCM 알고리즘을 이용한 차량 번호판 인식이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다. 실험을 통하여 성능 향상을 보인 제안된 차량 번호판 방법을 이용하여 주차관리시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.643-648
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• 1997

P.C Bearing Plate method, corresponding to the existing steel plate build-up method, is developed by the very first in domestic and is applied to the foundation in the HYUNDAI building at Kang-Nam. P. C Bearing Plate produced in ourself P.C plant can stand against vertical load of 7,000ton obtaining allowable force of soil. It is possible to minmize cost expediting, do site assembling and omit unnecessary excavation work by plant prefabrication of foundation member. The purpose of this paper is to study the optimum mixing design of Ultra-high strength concrete ($\acute{f}_{C91}$= 950kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$), crack control through measuring the heat of hydration, mock up test for the optimum curing method. As mentioned above, developing the Ultra-high strength Precast Concrete Bearing Plate set up successfully in the site foundation work of the HYUNDAI Building at Kang-Nam.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

The R/C flat plate system provides architectural flexibility, clear space, reduced building height, simple formwork, which consequently enhance constructibility. One of the serious problems in the flat plate system is brittle punching shear failure due to transfer of shear force and unbalanced moments in column-slab joint. Recently, the flat plate system accompanied with shear walls to resist the lateral loads is applied to high-rise buidings. Although the flat plate system is not considered in design as part of the lateral load-resisting system, it is required that this system keeps the ductile behavior for the lateral displacement of the building. However, it is unclear whether the column-slab joint possesses ductility enough to survive the lateral deformation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the major parameters that influence the ductility of R/C flat plate system by examining the existing experiments on column-slab joint. The effects of gravity load and shear reinforcement on the ductility of the flat plate system are presented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.323-342
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• 2016

To study the effect of collar-plate reinforcement on the static strength of tubular T-joints under axial loading, fundamental research work is carried out from both experimental test and finite element (FE) simulation. Through experimental tests on 7 collar-plate reinforced and 7 corresponding un-reinforced tubular T-joints under axial loading, the reinforcing efficiency is investigated. Thereafter, the static strengths of the above 14 models are analyzed by using FE method, and it is found that the numerical results agree reasonably well with the experimental data to prove the accuracy of the presented FE model. Additionally, a parametric study is conducted to analyze the effect of some geometrical parameters, i.e., the brace-to-chord diameter ratio ${\beta}$, the chord diameter-to-chord wall thickness ratio $2{\gamma}$, collar-plate thickness to chord wall thickness ratio ${\tau}_c$, and collar-plate length to brace diameter ratio $l_c/d_1$, on the static strength of a tubular T-joint. The parametric study shows that the static strength can be greatly improved by increasing the collar-plate thickness to chord wall thickness ratio ${\tau}_c$ and the collar-plate length to brace diameter ratio $l_c/d_1$. Based on the numerical results, parametric equations are obtained from curving fitting technique to estimate the static strength of a tubular T-joint with collar-plate reinforcement under axial loading, and the accuracy of these equations is also evaluated from error analysis.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the strength and ductility of reinforced concrete columns subject to axial load experimentally for several variables of reinforcements and propose foundational research date for reinforcement design of column. In the test a total of eleven specimens, which are all $20{\times}20{\times}60cm$ in size and differently reinforced with steel plate, has been used. The main variables of reinforcement considered in the test are the width of steel plate, the thickness of steel plate. Based on the test results, the effect of the main variables on the strength and ductility of reinforced concrete column have been scrutinized. The strength of reinforced concrete columns are that C-2 series on strengthed with 2mm thickness steel plate are smaller than C-4 series on strengthed with 4mm steel plate. Thick steel plate of reinforced expected utilizer than the other on strength increase and specimens to be large width steel plate of each system are the utiltzer on strength increase. Ductility of C-0 specimen is 1.60, C-2 series is 2.38, C-4 series 2.63 Compare efficiency of ductility increase with each specimens, in narrow width condition (2cm, 4cm) C-2 series is more efficiency, in wide width condition (8cm, 10cm) C-4 series is more efficiency.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

In this study, a variable swash plate compressor has been used in a vehicle to improve its fuel efficiency. To manufacture the swash plate, either SCM 435 or UNS C67300 was used. The effects of using different materials for the structural reliability of compressor have been investigated. Static analysis was carried out on swash plate A/C compressor by using commercial software ANSYS 13.0v. The results showed that the Max. stress occurred on the swash plate made of UNS C67300 was lower than that made of SCM435, which indicated that UNS C67300 is more suitable for producing the safe swash plate.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the engineering characteristics of the R.C circular ring sector plate with various boundary conditions and then to propose a rational and paraical method for application of finite element method to R.C structures. The stiffness matrix of the circular ring sector plate was obtained by using the multi-base coordinate system in which the base-coordinate systems were constructed for each nodal point of the quadrilateral element in order to reflect the complicated boundary conditions conveniently and correctly. The R.C element stiffness matrix was constructed by adding the stiffness coefficients of the steel-bar element into the plate bending element stiffness matrix. Herein, the steel-bar element was treated as the common beam element. Using the above method, the effects of steel-bar can be considered without increasing of the numbers of element and nodal points.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1998

Comminuted fracture of the distal end of the humerus in adults is very rare and difficult to treat. In operative treatment, an implant which can achieve accurate anatoraical reduction and rigid fixation is needed. But the pre­existing Y -shaped plate had wide and thick limbs and some problems in fixation for most distal humeral fractures. So we devised a modified plate which is more narrow and th1n and has a different hole distance and wing length (long lateral wing). The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical result of this modified anatomical Y -plate. From 1991 to 1997, we treated 23 cases of distal humeral fractures using modified anatomical plate and the results were as follows. 1. Fracture type in 18 patients(78%) was C-type(C1,C2,C3) which were intraarticular and mostly displaced or comminuted. 2. Bony union was obtained in 22 patients(96%) through rigid fixation and observed radiologically at 3.5 months(2-6months) on the average. 3. In 23 patients, 19 patients(82%) showed satisfactory results after 34 months(6-73months) follow-up. So if the modified anatomical Y-plate is used in the treatment of distal humeral fracture, a satisfactory result can be obtained through a more accurate, easy, and rigid fixation than preexisting plate.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

목적: AO C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절의 치료로서 대퇴골 외측에 금속판을 삽입한 후, 관절경 보조하 최소 침습적 금속판 제거를 시행하였던 환자들을 대상으로 술식의 유용성을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 10월부터 2005년 11월까지 AO C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절로 관혈적 정복 및 대퇴골 외측면에 금속판 내고정술을 시행하였던 환자들 중 대퇴골 외과 부위의 불편감으로 인해 관절경 보조하 최소 침습적 금속판 제거를 시행하였던 17예와 관절경 없이 고식적인 방법으로 금속판 제거슬 시행한 15예, 총 32예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 42.6세(20~66세), 최초 골절 상태는 AO/ASIF 분류상 C1 16예, C2 11예, C3 5예였다. 술 중 확인된 관절내 병변, 술 후 합병증 및 술 후 일상 생활로의 복귀 시간, 수술에 대한 만족도, 술 전 및 술 후 6개월 추시상의 슬관절 통증을 조사하였다. 결과: 전 예에서 금속판의 최고 원위부는 슬관절 내에 위치하였고, 23예에서 이와 접촉하는 외측 관절낭의 손상이 확인되었다. 관절경 보조하 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군에서 금속판 제거술 후 지속적 창상 배액으로 세척술 및 창상 재 봉합술을 시행한 경우가 1예 있었다. 술 후 일상 생활로의 복귀는 관절경 보조하 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군에서 평균 7일이었고, 고식적 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군에서 평균 7.6일 이었다. 관절경 보조하 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군은 14예(82.4%)에서 '보통' 이상의 수술 만족도를 보였으며, VAS 통증 지수는 수술 전 4.9에서 수술 후 6개월에 1.9로 감소하였다. 고식적 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군은 13예(86.7%)에서 보통' 이상의 수술 만족도를 보였으며, VAS 통증 지수는 수술전 5.2에서 수술 후 6개월에 2.5로 감소하였다. 결론: 본 술식은 원위 대퇴골에 삽입된 금속판 제거와 함께 슬관절 내의 다양한 병변의 확인 및 치료가 가능한 장점이 있었다. C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절의 치료를 위해 삽입된 금속판에 의한 슬관절 외측 관절낭의 손상이 매우 빈번히 확인되었고, 금속판을 제거함으로서 슬관절 통증이 감소하는 것을 확인하였음으로, C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절과 같이 금속판의 최고 원위부가 관절내에 위치하는 경우에는 골절의 유합이 이루어지면 금속판을 제거되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.