• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2007

Recently embedded system developed a lot. Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. This paper focuses on implementation of portable device which is applicable to the child-kidnap or missing child prevention system in residential area or public area. To be specific, this device is to transmit video data which comes from the camera in the device into the host PC via WLAN. Embedded hardware platform consists of s3c2440 with ARM9 core, WindowsCE OS and other sensors. OS enables the platform to do multitasking jobs which are handling GPS data, taking video, capturing audio via microphone in the device and transfer all kind of realtime data to the host PC.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.4 s.316
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

An embedded system is implemented in this work by removing PCMCIA dedicate controller chip from ARM processor based embedded Linux system. In this paper, we propose PCMCIA interface architecture by using Ad hoc methods for wireless network. The proposed system is developed based on S3C2410A processor and it is interfaced with PCMCIA socket by using combinational digital logic circuits. It is interesting to observe that Ad hoc interface provides $97.9%{\sim}102.49%$ performance when compared with dedicate controller systems. The results indicate that the proposed method simplifies the system without loss of performance.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 1990

The karyotypes of Korean Sciunis vulgaris coreas and Tamias sibiricus asiaticus were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding method. The diploid chromosome number (2n) of Sciunis vulgaris coreae 40 consisting of 6 metacentric, 8 submetacentric, 3 subtelocentric and 2 telocentric autosome pairs, submetacentric X and acrocentric or subtelocentric Y chromosome. The arm number (NF) of this species was obtained as 72, excluding the gonosomal arms. Tamias sibiricus asiaticus has a 2n of 38. The karyotype was represented by 3 metacentric, 4 submetacentric, 5 subtelocentric and 6 telocentric autosome paits and 2 sex chromosome. The X chromosome was submetacentric chromosome and the Y was the smallest chromosome with a median. The NF was 60. In S. vulgaris coreae constitutive heterochromatins were observed at the centromeres and telomeres. Constitutive heterochnomatins of T sibiricus asiaticus were primarily observed at the centromeres. These results suggested that non-Robensonian reanagenents and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin played an imporiant role in karyological differentiation of these species.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2023

Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine whether vitamin C in addition to indomethacin decreases the occurrence and severity of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) occurrence and severity. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included patients undergoing ERCP. The participants were administered either rectal indomethacin (100 mg) plus an injection of vitamin C (500 mg) or rectal indomethacin (100 mg) alone just before ERCP. The primary outcomes were PEP occurrence and severity. The secondary amylase and lipase levels were determined after 24 hours. Results: A total of 344 patients completed the study. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the PEP rates were 9.9% for indomethacin plus vitamin C plus indomethacin and 15.7% for indomethacin alone. Regarding the per-protocol analysis, the PEP rates were 9.7% and 15.7% in the combination and indomethacin arms, respectively. There was a remarkable difference between the two arms in PEP occurrence and severity on intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses (p=0.034 and p=0.031, respectively). The post-ERCP lipase and amylase concentrations were lower in the combination arm than in the indomethacin alone arm (p=0.034 and p=0.029, respectively). Conclusions: Vitamin C injection in addition to rectal indomethacin reduced PEP occurrence and severity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2012

Recently, the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been increasing in Gram-negative bacilli globally. We determined the prevalence and genotype of these methylase-producing bacteria, and characterized the co-resistance to ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics and quinolone in Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in 2010 at a hospital in Korea. Among 65 amikacin-resistant isolates screened from 864 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected from 49 isolates, including Acinetobacter baumannii (43), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Proteus mirabilis (2) and Serratia marcescens (1), Empedobacter brevis (1). All of the 16S rRNA methylase genotype was armA and no variant sequences of amplified PCR products for armA were noted. The 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria showed much higher resistance to aminoglycoside for Enterobacteriaceae and glucose non-fermenting (NF)-GNB and to imipenem for glucose NF-GNB, than the non-producing isolates. All of the 16S rRNA methylase producing Enterobacteriaceae had the extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase. In addition, two K. pneumoniae concurrently produced both plasmid-mediated AmpC ${\beta}$-lactamase and qnrB gene. All of the amikacin-resistant A. baumannii (43) co-harbored armA 16S rRNA methylase and $bla_{OXA-23}$ carbapenemase. In conclusion, 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria were very prevalent among GNB in South Korea, and were commonly associated with co-resistance, including carbapenem and quinolone.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

In this study, the modeling support system was developed which can make easy and fast FE-modeling and verify the results of static and durability analysis for the lower arm, one of the important parts in automobile suspension module. It took into account of the whole complicated design processes verifying the durability coefficients evaluated by fatigue analysis, which should be used to satisfy a design criteria. To guide the FE-modeling the drive page was constructed by using HTML and XML, which was based on expert's know-hows. It is able to integrate the processes to design the lower arm in practice, so that the standardization of its FE-Modeling is achieved, consequently. The 3 dimensional CAD's geometrical data were changed automatically into pre-defined shell elements under the concept of mesh-offset technique, and then welding elements were treated to connect between target and basic surfaces constructed by the shell elements. This system has also a user interface to control boundary and load ing conditions applied in performing of the static and durability analysis, in which many load cases can be applied simply with the MPCs driven by just few mouse clicks. These were implemented on the platform of MSC.Patran and utilized ANSYS, MSC.Nastran and MSC.Fatigue as the solver of the analysis performed. The developed system brings not only significant decreasing of man-hours required in FE-modeling process, but also obtaining of satisfied qualities in analyzed results. It will be integrated in a part of virtual prototyping module of the developing e-engineering framework.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

Six healthy female volunteers twice undertook an experiment with different types of clothing leaving the arms and legs covered or uncovered at $24{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%$ RH to study how different thermal stimulation to the distal extremities during the afternoon could modulate circadian parameters of body temperature rhythm. One type of clothing consisted of long-sleeved shirts and full-length trousers (Type I, 989 g, 0.991 clo); the other type consisted of half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers (Type II, 750 g, 0.747 clo). Subjects wore Type I or Type II clothing during the afternoon (14:00 h - 19:00 h), and Type I clothing during the evening (19:00 h - 22:30 h) and the night sleep (22:30 h - 06:00 h). Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at the arm and leg were measured continuously. Results were as follows: 1) The circadian amplitude of rectal temperature tended to be greater, and the acrophase was significantly earlier when wearing Type II rather than Type I clothing. 2) The circadian nadirs of skin temperatures of the arm and leg were significantly lower and the amplitudes were significantly greater with Type II clothing. In addition, the acrophase and bathyphase of the circadian rhythm of arm skin temperature were significantly earlier with Type II than Type I clothing. 3) The amplitude of rectal temperature was related closely with that of arm and leg skin temperature. These results suggest that a slightly cool thermal stress during the afternoon to the arms and legs exerted by wearing half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers induces a greater amplitude and a phase advance of the overt circadian rhythm of body temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 2022

This paper presents a Cache-Coherency Interconnect(CCI)-based Android pattern screen lock(PSL) attack on modern ARM processors. CCI has been introduced to maintain the cache coherency between the big core cluster and the little core cluster. That is, CCI is the central interconnect inside SoC that maintains cache coherency and shares data. In this paper, we reveal that CCI can be a side channel in security, that an adversary can observe security-sensitive operations. We design and implement a technique to compromise Android PSL within only a few attempts using the information of CCI in user-level applications on Android Nougat. Further, we analyzed the relationship between the pattern complexity and security. Our evaluation results show that complex and simple patterns would have similar security strengths against the proposed technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.953-954
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• 2010

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 1991

The genetic variation of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii by Giemsa C-banding was investigated and the results were as follows : 1. From Karyotype analysis of P. densiflora and P. thunbergii by Giemsa C-banding, somatic chromosome numbers of both species were 2n=24. 2. Chromosome of P. densiflora was M-type in arm ratio and they were no variation among individuals but variation in number and position of the secondary constriction and telomere banding among individuals. 3. P. thunbergii showed also M-type in arm ratio of chromosome, however, there was no variation in both number and position of the secondary constriction among individuals. 4. From chromosome C-banding, bands were appeared in the position of centromere and the secondary constriction in both P. densiflora and P. thunbergii. 5. In P. densiflora, the bands were shown on the secondary-constriction in chromosome No. 3, 4 and 7 of all individuals and the bands of the secondary constriction in chromosome No. 1, 2 and 5 showed variation among individuals. In chromosome No. 9, 10 and 11, the bands were shown in telomere and showed variation among individuals. 6. In P. thunbergii, the bands were shown on the secondary constriction in chromosome No. 2, 3, 7 and 8, and were shown no variation among individuals. There was no band on telomere. 7. The genetic variation by C-banding were shown in P. densiflora among individuals but no in P. thunbergii, and were shown on the secondary constriction in chromosome No. 4 of Pinus densiflora and in clnromosome No. 8 of Pinus thunbergii. These are the difference between the two species by C-banding.