• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate germination rate of Vicia tetrasperma and V. hirsuta as affected by storage duration, temperature, and light. All seeds of both species were gathered from Dangjin, Chungnam in the late June of 2004 and 2005, stored for a certain period of time, and then exposed for 20 days to the alternating temperatures ($15/^{\circ}C,\;20/10^{\circ}C,\;25/15^{\circ}C$, and $30/20^{\circ}C$) for evaluating the germination rate. Both 2004 and 2005, two species stored at room temperature for 3 months had germination rates less then 30% with applying various alternating temperatures for 20 days although the highest germination rate was obtained with $25/15^{\circ}C$ treatment. V. tetrasperma at 12 month storage after seed gathering in 2005 had 82% of germination rate with $25/15^{\circ}C$ treatment and showed the increased rate as time passed. V. hirsuta at 6, 9, and 12 month storage after seed gathering in 2005 ranged, however, from 33 to 53% of the germination rate at alternating temperature treatments for 20 days and did not seem to be affected by the elapsed time of the storage. Storage at room temperature was more effective for increasing germination rate of both species compared to those of the storage at low temperature. The germination rate of both species was not significantly affected by either exposure of light or short period of high temperature.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 1997

This study was conducted by L9 orthogonal array to obtain optimum spray parameters for This study was conducted by L9 orthogonal array to obtain optimum spray parameters for $Cr_3C_2 - 7wt%$(80wt%Ni-20wt%Cr) coating powder. The factors were hydrogen flow rate, oxygen flow rate, gun-to-work distance, powder feed rate. And evaluation methods for the coating were surface roughness, oxygen concentration, micro-hardness, pore size and distribution, low angle ($30^{\circ}$) erosion rate, and microstructure of coating. The optimum HVOF spray conditions were proved as follows : hydroen flow rate ; 681 SLPM, oxygen flow rate ; 215 SLPM $H^2/O^2 ratio= 3.16), gun-to-work distance ; 22cm, powder feed rate; 25g/min. The hardness (Hv300) was 1147 and the erosion rate ($30^{\circ}$degree) was $3.16\times10^{-4}$g/g. It is believed that the optimized spray conditions can be improved the wear-resistance and anti-erosion characteristics of the coating.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 1989

This study was attempted to investigate the dissolution rate and the bioavailability after oral administration of commercially available aspirin tablets in normal volunteers. The dissolution test was conducted in artificial gastric juice using basket method with three aspirin preparations (A, B and C) which were chemically equivalent. The results were as follows; The dissolution rate was higher in the order of three different brand B>A >C. Area under the blood concentration and peak blood concentration were larger in the order of brand A>B>C. Absorption rate constant and peak time were larger in the order of brand B>A>C, and there was a little difference in elimination rate constant and biological half-life. The correlation of the dissolution rate and absorption rate constant, as well as correlation of the dissolution rate and peak time showed significant linear relationship respectively. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the bioavailability of aspirin tablets showed much difference according to commercial preparations, and that the bioavailability of aspirin tablets in human may be predicted from the results of dissolution rate studies.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2016

The observed external injury, movement and survival rate according to storage and recovery of the juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus(wet weight $1.0{\pm}0.2g$). The investigated application possibility of external injury(grade I~IV) and movement variation(buccal tentacle, motion, obversion, movement) for estimate of survival rate. The survival rate was observed through the recovery after storage of the sea cucumber in various water temperature(10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and hours(3, 6, 12, 24 hour). Grade of external injury lower in the 24 hour experiment group of $20^{\circ}C$ water temperature and 12 hour experiment group of $25^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Buccal tentacle and movement strong related survival rate and external injury. In the case of $20^{\circ}C$ water temperature, survival rate was observed decrease 24 hours experiment. $25^{\circ}C$ water temperature was high to 6 hours but 12 hours experiment group observed decrease of the survival rate. The lethal time(LT10) of the juvenile sea cucumber was 15.73 hours($20^{\circ}C$) and 5.57 hours($25^{\circ}C$). The results of this study provided various measurement method of survival rate according to transportation of the juvenile sea cucumber for release.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.495-500
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• 2001

The significant creep in copper takes place at relatively low temperature and applied stress. Thus the study on modeling of creep behavior using the copper should provide researchers with benefits such as time for the test. In this study, a test of creep crack growth regarding copper was performed at 400 and $500^{\circ}C$, and analyzed. As result, the crack growth rate at $500^{\circ}C$ turned out to be 10 times higher than that at $400^{\circ}C$ in terms of $C^*$, while the crack growth rate at $500^{\circ}C$ was several hundreds times higher than that at $400^{\circ}C$ in terms of K. Moreover, a linear relationship between the crack growth rate and $C^*$ at the same temperature was established.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.474-475
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• 2018

본 논문은 충 방전 실험을 통해 온도와 C-rate에 따른 24S1P 배터리팩 내부 저항 변화와 용량을 비교분석하였다. 충전 및 방전 전류의 크기와 온도의 변화에 따라 변하는 내부 저항과 용량의 변화를 비교분석하기 위해 다양한 온도 조건($-5^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$)에서 SOC별(0.04C, 1/3C) HPPC 테스트를 진행하였다. 실험을 통해 얻은 데이터로 1차 RC 등가모델을 통하여 온도와 C-rate에 따른 저항, 용량 변화를 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.827-830
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• 2000

3GPP and ETSI adopted AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate) as a standard for next generation IMT-2000 service. In this paper, we analyzed algorithm about AMR and optimized ANSI C source on the C complier and assembly language of Texas Instrument . The implemented AMR speech codec requires 28.2MIPS of complexity for encoder and 5.5MIPS for decoder. we performed real-time implementation of AMR speech codec using 82% of TMS320C5402 with 40 MIPS specification. We give proof that the output speech of the implemented speech codec on DSP board is identical with result of C source program simulation. Also the reconstructed speech is verified in the real-time environment consisted of microphone and speaker.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.447-450
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• 1994

Rate of hydrolysis ethylene phosphate, dimethylphosphate and hydroxyethylmethylphosphate in neutral water have been measured. Hydrolysis of ethylene phosphate proceeds with P-0 bond cleavage $(k_{obs}=3{\times}10^{-7}s^{-1}\;at\;100^{\circ}C,\;{\Delta}H{\neq}=24\;kcal,\;{\Delta}S{\neq}=25.5\;eu)$. In constrast, hydrolysis of dimethylphosphate proceeds with C-O bond cleavage $(k_{obs}=3{\times}10^{-7}s^{-1}\;at\;150^{\circ}C)$. The rate constant for P-O bond cleavage of dimethylphosphate is estimated at $1{\times}10^{-11}s^{-1}\;at\;150^{\circ}C,\;({\Delta}H{\neq}=36\;kcal,\;{\Delta}S{\neq}=25.5\;eu)$. A phosphodiesterase catalyzed hydrolysis of dimethylphosphate is $10^{17}$ times faster than the simple water rate. The observed rate of hydrolysis of hydroxyethylmethylphosphate is comparable to that of dimethylphosphate indicating C-O bond cleavage $(k_{obs}=6{\times}10^{-7}s^{-1}\;at\;150^{\circ}C)$.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the general semen characteristics of the Korean native goat and the effect of temperature, incubation time, dilution rate, freezing rate and glycerol concentration on motility and NAR (normal apical ridge) acrosome of fresh and frozen Korean native goat spermatozoa. 1. Average semen volume per ejaculate, motility, concentration and pH of fresh Korean native goat spermatozoa were 0.19${\pm}$0.09 ml, 94.5${\pm}$0.47%, 26.17${\times}$108${\pm}$1.68/ml and 6.63${\pm}$0.18, respectively. 2. Motility and NAR acrosome of fresh spermatozoa during incubation were higher at 22$^{\circ}C$ than at 5$^{\circ}C$ or 37$^{\circ}C$(P<.01). 3. Motility and NAR acrosome of spermatozoa diluted 1:4 during incubation were higher at 22$^{\circ}C$ than at 5$^{\circ}C$ or 37$^{\circ}C$(P<.01). 4. Motility and NAR acrosome of spermatozoa during incubation were higher for samples diluted 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4 than for samples diluted 1:6(P<.01). 5. Motility and NAR acrosome of post-thaw spermatozoa were higher at freezing rate of 12$^{\circ}C$/min than at freezing rate of 1$^{\circ}C$/min or 24$^{\circ}C$/min when glycerol concentration was 9%(P<.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2006

The effects of eight types of spheroidizing annealing conditions including annealing temperature, annealing time, cooling rate, and gas atmosphere in the annealing furnace on the microstructure were determined in SM45C steel which has been widely used for automotive parts. The well-developed spheroidized structure and minimum hardness were obtained when the steel was heat-treated 6 hours at $740^{\circ}C$, cooled to $710^{\circ}C$ at a cooling rate of $24^{\circ}C/h$, and then kept for 7 hours at the $710^{\circ}C$ followed by air cooling. In order to increase the productivity and to save the manufacturing cost, it is desirable to apply a faster cooling rate in the spheroidizing annealing. It was found that air cooling was the fastest cooling rate applicable to the SM45C steel. The steel heat treated in air showed the decarburized layer of about $110{\mu}m$ in thickness at the surface of the specimen, resulting in serious problems in the quality of the quenched product.