• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between obesity, health-related lifestyle, and dietary intake and serum lipid level in 96 male university students. Health-related lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hr recall and two-day dietary record. Anthoropometric data were recorded and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured. 21.9%, 36.5%, 36.5%, and 6.2% of the subjects had levels beyond the normal range in serum total cholesterol(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), and triacyglycerol respectively, and 57.3% of the subjects had more than one hyperlipidemic factor. TC was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), waist length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.05), and the amount of smoking(p〈0.05). HDL-C was correlated negatively with BMI(p〈0.05) and hip lenghth(p〈0.05). LTD-C was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), water length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.01), and coffee consumption(p〈0.05). TG was correlated positively with waist length(p〈0.01), waist-to-hip ratio(p〈0.05), and amount of smoking(p〈0.01) and negatively correlated with frequence of exercise(p〈0.05). Among nutrient intakes, only the ratio of protein to energy was correlated negatively with TC(p〈0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, waist length, hip length, waist-to-hip ratio, and amount of cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of hyper-TC. BMI, waist length, and hip length were associated with an increased risk of hypo-HDL-C. BMI and coffee consumption were associated with an increased risk of hyper-LDL-C. Amount of cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of hyper-TG. In conclusion, a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia in subjects was observed. Also obesity, smoking, and coffee consumption were observed to be highly with the risk of hyperlipidemia in subjects. These findings imply that these factors should be primarily considered in planing the nutrition education program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in male university students.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.689-701
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• 2013

잔류염소 농도가 상당히 낮은 수돗물에서 유기탄소(organic carbon)와 인(phosphorus)의 증가가 세균 생장에 미치는 영향과 세균에 의한 유기탄소와 인의 소모를 fed-batch 실험조건($20^{\circ}C$ 수온)에서 조사하였다. 수돗물에서 단지 인의 증가만으로는 부유성 세균의 현저한 수적 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 유기탄소의 증가는 부유성 세균을 $10^3CFU/mL$ 수준까지 증가시켰으며, 특히 유기탄소와 함께 동반된 인의 증가는 부유성 세균을 $10^5CFU/mL$ 수준까지 증가시켰다. 이러한 효과들은 polyethylene (PE) slide 표면에 형성된 생물막 세균과 생물량 측정에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 유기탄소와 함께 인 농도가 높은 수돗물에서 PE slide 표면에 형성된 생물막 세균과 세포외 중합체(extracellular polymeric substance) 구성 성분으로 측정된 생물량은 각각 $7.6{\times}10^5CFU/cm^2$와 $5.3{\mu}g/cm^2$로 가장 높았다. 세균 생장과 더불어, 수돗물에서 유기탄소와 인의 증가는 세균에 의한 탄소와 인의 이용 패턴에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전형적인 세균의 C/P 소모비율(100:1)과 비교했을 때, 상대적으로 높은 C/P 소모비율(590:1)은 유기탄소 농도가 높은 수돗물에서, 그리고 상대적으로 낮은 C/P 소모비율(40:1)은 인 농도가 높은 수돗물에서 관찰되었다. 또한 유기탄소와 함께 인 농도가 높은 수돗물에서도 상대적으로 낮은 C/P 소모비율(80:1)이 관찰되었다. 주어진 실험조건에서는 수돗물과 생물막내 세균 생장이 인의 증가보다는 유기탄소의 증가에 더욱 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 수돗물에서 인의 증가는 세균의 낮은 C/P 소모비율을 가져오지만, 세균 생장에 미치는 인의 영향은 세균이 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 유기탄소의 존재와 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 수돗물에 자연적으로 존재하는 낮은 농도의 인만으로도 세균 생장을 위해 필요한 인 요구량을 만족시킬 수 있기 때문에, 수돗물에서 세균 생장의 최소화를 위해서는 인보다는 유기탄소의 외부적인 유입을 제어하는 것이 더욱 중요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.288-297
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• 2008

It has been reported frequently that clinical features of gallstone disease in Korean were similarly changing to those of Occidentals. This changing was thought to be due to Westernized lifestyle and dietary patterns in Korean. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional risk factor among patients with gallstone. The subjects of this study were 90 gallstone group with biliary stone as confirmed by cholecystectomy and 111 control group with no biliary stone as confirmed by ultrasonography adjusted according to age and gender. Anthropometric indices and biomarkers were measured and dietary habit as well as nutrient consumption pattern were investigated using a structured checklist of health-related eating behavior and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The mean age was higher in GG (gallbladder stone patient group) than CG (control group). The average BMI and WHR (waisthip ratio) tended to be higher than those in CG. WC (waist circumference) and WHR of women in GG were significantly higher than in CG. GG had lower levels in TC (p < 0.01), LDL-C (p < 0.05), and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but higher FBG levels (p < 0.001). GG tended to be associated with lower physical activity and more frequent consumption of meat, meats with high fat and high sugar content food. The consumption levels of fiber (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.05), calcium (p < 0.01) in GG were significantly lower than in CG. These findings showed that the association with incidence of gallbladder stone and anthrophometric indices and dietary consumption patterns. Further study may be necessary to elucidate the dietary risk factors in the changing patterns of gallstone disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress during the growth and egg production period. A total of 810 seven-day-old Japanese quails were used in the trial. The birds received a diet with either three levels of vitamin E (DL-${\alpha}$Tocopheryl acetate) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet) and vitamin C (ROVIMIX STAY-C 35) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet). Live weight on day 35 and weight gain were the lowest in the group of chicks on a combination of 60 mg of vitamin E and 60 mg of vitamin C, whereas the highest live weight was demonstrated in chicks on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C (p<0.01). The effects of treatments on cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found to be significant (p<0.01). The highest feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found in the group on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C. The effect of treatments on the mortality ratio was found to be insignificant (p>0.01). The cost of supplementing diets with vitamin E and vitamin C is very low. Therefore such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing heat stress related losses in performance of Japanese quails.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2000

본 논문은 퇴비화의 분해속도와 처리효율이 염분농도에 따라 어떻게 변화하는가를 조사하기 위해 이루어졌다. 실험에 사용된 음식물쓰레기의 시료는 경기도 포천군에서 채취하였으며 이 시료의 수분함량, pH 및 C/N비를 적정범위로 조정하였다. 염분함량이 1%, 5%및 10%인 3종류의 시료를 조제하여 온도조절과 공기공급량이 조절가능한 반응조에 넣고 호기성 퇴비화가 진행되는 동안 반응조내의 온도, pH, C/N비 및 이산화탄소와 산소 농도 등을 측정하였다. 최고온도는 반응조 1(염분함량 1%)에서 $59^{\circ}C$, 반응조 2(염분함량 5%)에서 $49^{\circ}C$ 및 반응조 3(염분함량 10%)에서 $45^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 온도상승과 상관관계를 보였으며 낮은 염분함량에서 피크값을 나타냈다. 퇴비화가 진행되는 동안 반응조 1, 반응조 2 및 반응조 3의 pH는 8.9, 8.6 및 7.2로 상승하였으며 C/N비는 18.9, 19.1 및 22.1로 천천히 감소하였다. 반응조 1, 반응조 2 및 반응조 3의 최종함수율은 51.1%, 53.7% 및 55.0%로 나타났다. 퇴비화기간 동안의 염분농도의 증가는 미생물의 분해활동을 지연시키는 원인이 되는 것으로 생각된다. 한편, 효율적인 퇴비화를 위해 시료중의 염분함량은 5% 미만으로 유지되어야 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 1993

Generally fatty liver is attributed either to chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, or obesity. Based upon this commonly held clinical brief, this study was conducted to investigate the contributing factors of fatty liver and odds ratio (OR) of known contributing factors. A sample of 310 male participants, who visited at Seoul Paik Automated Multiphasic Health Testing System from November 1991 to December 1991, was separated into 112 cases and 198 controls by ultrasonographic fin ding. There were statistically significant difference between fatty liver and normal in triglyceride (TG), body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), alcohol consumption, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase ($\gamma$-GT), duration of alcohol intake and alkaline phosphatase (Alk.P)(P<0.01, P<0.05). The statistically significant elevated odds ratio were noted for TG (4.48, confidence interval (CI) 2.66-7.55, P=0.000), alcohol consumption(3.24, CI 1.56-6.23, P=0.002), BMI(3.05, CI 1.87-4.97, P=0.000), and FBS (2.59, CI 1.53-4.40, P=0,000). In summary, it is suggested that the fatty liver could be preventive by avoiding such deleterious factors as high fat diet, alcohol and obesity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2011

녹차섭취와 유산소운동이 비만 남자중학생의 체중과 혈중 biochemical marker에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 체지방율이 25% 이상인 비만 남자중학생 36명을 대상으로 대조군(n=9), 녹차처리군(n=9), 운동군(n=9)과 녹차와 운동 병행군(n=9)으로 분류하여, 운동은 주 5회 60분씩 12주간 실시하였고, 녹차는 녹차열수출물을 음용(녹차건중 1.5-1.7 g/일) 하였다. 대조군은 녹차처리군이 섭취한 양의 물을 섭취하였다. 실험 시작전과 12주 후의 혈중 TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, leptin, TG 및 HDL-C 함량을 측정하였다. 대조군을 포함한 모든 처리군에서 체중 변화는 없었으나 병행군은 복부지방률이 감소하였다. 대조처리는 TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 및 leptin 함량에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 녹차처리는 leptin (p<0.05)을 감소시켰고, TG (p<0.01)는 증가시켰다. 운동은 TNF-$\alpha$ (p<0.05), IL-6 (p<0.01) 및 leptin (p<0.05) 함량을 감소시켰다. 또한 녹차처리와 운동 병행은 IL-6 (p<0.05), leptin (p<0.05) 및 HDL-C (p<0.01) 함량을 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 녹차섭취나 운동은 젊은 비만 중학생의 혈중 염증 cytokine인 TNF-$\alpha$α, IL-6 및 leptin 함량 감소에 효과가 있었으나, 녹차섭취와 운동의 병행에 의한 synergy 효과는 없었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine possibility of compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder fed a commercial feed during the summer season. Five treatments of fish with triplicates were prepared: C, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Fish in the control group (C) was hand-fed with the commercial feed to apparent satiation twice daily for 6 days a week during 6 weeks. Fish in S1, S2, S3, and S4 experienced 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of starvation before fed to satiation twice daily for 5, 4, 3, and 2 weeks, respectively. The feeding trial lasted far 6 weeks. Survival of flounder in C, S1 and S2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that offish in S4. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of flounder in C and S1 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish in S2, S3 or S4. And weight gain and SGR of flounder in S2 and S3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish in S4. Feed consumption of flounder tended to increase with weeks of feeding. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio for flounder in C, S1, S2 and S3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those for fish in S4. Moisture content of the whole fish in C was lowest, but highest for fish in S4, respectively. Crude protein content of the whole fish in C was highest, but lowest far fish in S4, respectively. Crude lipid content of the whole fish in C, S1 and S2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of fish in S4. In conclusion, full compensatory growth was obtained in juvenile olive flounder fed for 5 weeks after 1-week feed deprivation during the summer season. Compensatory growth of fish was well supported by improvement in feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 남자 청소년을 대상으로 탄산음료 섭취빈도에 따른 영양 섭취상태 및 식사의 질을 평가하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 연령과 아침 결식빈도는 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군이 각각 14.62세, 27.45%로 주 1회 미만 탄산음료 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p = 0.0387, p = 0.0005). 2) 영양소 섭취상태를 살펴보면, 1일 열량 섭취량은 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 식물성 단백질 (p = 0.0070), 비타민 C (p = 0.0378), 식물성 칼슘 (p = 0.0288), 인 (p = 0.0084), 칼륨 (p = 0.0122) 섭취는 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군이 주 1회 미만 탄산음료 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 영양소의 권장섭취량 대비 섭취 비율을 비교한 결과, 비타민 C와 인 섭취량은 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군에서 권장 섭취량 대비 각각 81.89%, 118.84%로 주 1회 미만 탄산음료 섭취군에 비해 낮게 나타났다 (p = 0.0339, p = 0.0084). 영양소별 평균필요량에 미달되게 섭취하는 대상자의 비율을 분석한 결과, 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군의 경우 단백질과 비타민 C를 평균필요량에 미달되게 섭취하는 대상자 비율이 주 1회 미만 탄산음료 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p = 0.0355, p = 0.0078). 3) 탄산음료 섭취빈도에 따른 NAR 및 MAR을 분석한 결과, 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군의 인 NAR은 주 1회 미만 탄산음료 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으나 (p = 0.0327), MAR은 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4) 탄산음료 섭취빈도에 따른 식품군별 섭취 상태에 대한 결과, 감자 및 전분류 (p = 0.0224), 두류 (p = 0.0302), 채소류 (p = 0.0271) 섭취량은 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군에서 주 1회 미만 탄산음료 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 반면, 음료류 섭취량은 주 1회 이상 탄산음료 섭취군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.0001). 이상을 종합해볼 때 탄산음료의 섭취 빈도가 주 1회 이상인 남자 청소년의 경우 주1회 미만인 남자 청소년에 비해 아침 결식률이 높았으며, 식물성 단백질, 비타민 C, 식물성 칼슘, 칼륨과 같은 영양소의 섭취가 낮았고, 단백질 및 비타민 C의 영양소 섭취의 질이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 성장기 남학생의 균형적인 영양소 섭취 및 올바른 식습관 확립을 위해 탄산음료의 적절한 섭취에 대한 식생활 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 1996

It has been established that hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recent data showed that the incidence of hypercholesterolemia increase in Korea. n-3 Fatty acids lower serum triglyceride profoundly but the effect on serum cholesterol is not clear. This study was performed to assess the effects of low and moderate supplementation of marine n-3 fatty fish on serum cholesterol in young healthy korean woman. Nineteen subjects were divided into two groups. Each group receive an experimental diet supplemented with either 100g (group I) or 200g mackeral(Scomber japonicus) fish(group II) for 1-week. The diet was designed to avoid in which the amount of n-6 fatty acids would be much greater than that of n-3 fatty acids. MUFA, SFA intakes were similar in the two diets. The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was 1 : 1.l for group I, 1 : 2.51 for group II. The average daily n-3 fatty acids consumption from fish was 3.87g/day (1.03g EPA, 2.84g DHA)for group I, 7.74g/day (2.06g EPA, 5.68g DHA) for group II. Blood samples were obtained 2 times before experimental diet, immediately after experimental diet for 1-week. After experimental diet for 1-week, the serum total-cholesterol levels decreased significantly (16.4$\pm$15.1mg/dl, p<0.01) in group II and lowered slightly (13.7$\pm$25.8mg/dl)in group I. There were no significant changes from baseline to the end of the study in serum HDL-cholesteol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-C/T-C ratio, and LDC-C/HDL-C ratio. The results suggest that the moderate levels of marine n-3 fatty fish consumption could improve serum cholesterol in normal subjects, therefore in might be of value in the prevention of atherosclerosis. However the clinical usefulness of moderate n-3 fatty fish consumption of hypercholesterolemic subjects will require further study. Also further studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects of low n-3 fatty fish consumtion.