• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2005

Purpose : Podocytes are critical in maintaining the filtration barrier of the glomerulus and are dependent on the integrity of slit diaphragm(SD) proteins including nephrin, p-cadherin, and others. Diabetic proteinuric condition demonstrates defects in SD molecules as well as ultrastructural changes in podocytes. We examined the molecular basis for this alteration of SD molecules especially on P-cadherin as a candidate regulating the modulation of pathogenic changes in the barrier to protein filtration. Methods : To investigate whether high glucose and AGE induce changes in SD, we cultured rat GEpC under normal(5 mM) or high glucose(30 mM) and AGE- or BSA-added conditions and measured the change of P-cadherin expression by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results : We found that administration of high glucose decreased the P-cadherin production significantly in the presence or absence of AGE by Western blotting. In RT-PCR high glucose with or without AGE also significantly decreased the expression of P-cadherin mRNA compared to those of controls. Such changes were not seen in the osmotic control. Conclusion : We suggest that high glucose with or without AGE suppresses the Production of P-cadherin at the transcriptional level and that these changes nay explain the functional changes of SD in diabetic conditions. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:119-127)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.570-576
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• 2018

In reinforced concrete structures, the joints of ordinary rebars are usually lap joints, which are bound by binding wires with rebars, and mechanical joints by couplers. In domestic design standards (concrete design code), welded lap joints are restricted for ordinary rebars, but overseas standards allow welded lap joints of ordinary rebars through pre-heating. This study investigated the domestic and international standards/criteria and evaluated the fracture strength by performing the tensile test on the lap welded joint of SD400 grade rebars, which is used the most in the construction sites. The weld length of the specimen for weld lap joints is based on the minimum weld length (8d) given in the KS standard (KS B ISO 17660-1). According to AWS D1.4, the preheating temperature was set to $150^{\circ}C$ for D19 and below, and $260^{\circ}C$ for D22 and above. In the test results, the tensile strength of rebars with welded lap joints exceeded the required strength (125% of the yield strength) according to the concrete design code. To analyze the effect of preheating, the tensile strength of the welded rebars after preheating was not significantly different from that of the welded rebars without preheating. The carbon equivalent content (Ceq) of the rebars used in the test was 0.45% or less. Under AWS D1.4, no preheating is required if the carbon equivalent is less than 0.45%. All specimens with a welded lap length of 8d failed by a bar fracture. The effect of preheating was confirmed to be insignificant due to the low carbon equivalent of the rebar.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

Isaria sinclairii (Cicada Dongchunghacho) was studied as a potential crude natural food in powdered form. The role of tissue fatty acids in relation to the anti-obesity effects of I. sinclairii (IS) was examined by feeding the powder to SD rats ad libitum at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (calculated about 8 g/kg) of the feed for a period of 3 months and 6 months. The fatty acid composition profile as indicated GC-MS, showed significantly slight dose-dependent increases in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly, arachidonic acid (C20: 4n6), oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20: 5) concentration in the the ad libitum IS-fed groups compared to the control group in SD abdominal fat over 6 month period. Over viewing of the SD and Ob mice treated Isaria sinclairii powder; there were increases in the single (mono) unsaturated fatty acids ratio but decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acid. In IS-fed groups in proportion to the treatment period, this Dongchunghacho also induced an increase in the level of same result of unsaturated fatty acid in C57BL/6 obese (ob/ob) mice over a 6-month period treatment compared to those given 10% dry mulberry leaf powder (ML) or silkworm powder mixed with the standard diet.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.2 s.105
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

Fair packet scheduling algorithms supporting quality-of-services of real-time multimedia applications can be classified into the following two design schemes in terms of the reference time used in calculating the timestamp of arriving packet: Finish-time Design (FD) and Start-time Design (SD) schemes. Since the former can adjust the latency of a flow with raising the flow's reserved rate, it has been applied to a router for the guaranteed service of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) IntServ model. However, the FD scheme may incur severe bandwidth loss for traffic flows requiring low-rate but strong delay bound such as internet phone. In order to verify the usefulness of the SD scheme based router for the IETF guaranteed service, this paper analyzes and compares two design schemes in terms of bandwidth and payload utilizations. It is analytically proved that the SD scheme is better bandwidth utilization than the FD one, and the simulation result shows that the SD scheme gives better payload utilization by up to 20%.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2000

Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is widely distributed in animal tissues and has a variety of bio-logical activities. A recent worldwide study demonstrated beneficial effects of taurine on aging and age-associated disorders. In general, taurine levels in the brain decease when an animal is subjected to pathologic conditions such as ischemia-anoxia and seizure. But the taurine levles tend to increase in the brain in hypertensive state. In the present study, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of [$^3$H]taurine was compared between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) using intravenous injection technique in vivo. We also obtained pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma volume maker, [$^{14}$ C] sucrose and [$^3$H]taurine after inject to rats simulatenously. BBB permeability surface area product (PS) value of [$^3$H]taurine in SHR (16$\pm$2.9$\times$10$^{-3}$ ml/min/g) was significantly higher than that in SD (7.4$\pm$0.8$\times$10$^{-3}$ ml/min/g). There is also significant difference for brain uptake of [$^3$H]taurine between SHR (0.195$\pm$0.031%ID/g) and SD (0.058$\pm$0.003% ID/g). This is due to difference of area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and that of total clearance (Class) between SHR and SD. No significant difference was indicated from other organ uptakes such as lung, heart, liver SHR and SD. But also kidney uptake was much higher in SHR. In conclusion, [$^3$H]taurine in plasma was slowly eliminated in SHR than in SD and uptake of [$^3$H]taurine in SHR is much higher than that of SD. This results suggest increased taurine level in the brain in hypertension state have an any effect on the brain uptake of taurine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.330-335
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• 2023

Platelet function evaluation by PFA-100 or -200 has been known to be objective and sensitive for assessing platelet function and dysfunction of Von Willebrand Factor in humans and dogs. However, using the C/EPI cartridge in dogs is controversial. This study aimed to establish a reference range for PFA closure time in healthy small breed dogs (body weight < 10 kg) and to evaluate the effectiveness of both C/ADP and C/EPI cartridges for these dogs. Citrated blood samples were collected from 50 clinically healthy small breed dogs that were admitted for presurgical procedures or health checkups, and closure times were measured using the PFA-200. Reference ranges were determined as 42-144 s (median 67 s, mean 71.2 s, SD ± 21.2 s, 95% RI 43-140 s) , for CT-C/ADP and 41-200 s (median 87, mean 91.2 s, SD ± 31.8 s, 95% RI 44-195 s) for CT-C/EPI. The present study demonstrated that the reference ranges for PFA closure times in small breed dogs are in line with existing reference ranges. The utilization of C/ADP cartridges is the preferred choice for evaluating platelet function in small breed dogs. However, due to variable responses of epinephrine to platelet aggregation in dogs, caution should be exercised when using C/EPI cartridges.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dental therapeutic agent on conduction velocity and threshold current of intradental A- and C-fibers in the cat. Inferior alveolar nerve of cat anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital was exposed and dissected until response of functional single pulp nerve until could be evoked by monopolar electrical stimulation of the crown of the lower left canine teeth. 10ms rectangular pulse was used to determine the threshold current and 1ms rectangular pulse was used to determine conduction velocity. After application of calcium chloride (1, 2, 6M), calcium hydroxide mixed with saline, potassium chloride (0.2, 0.8, 1.6M), eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol to the cavity on the labial surface, conduction velocity and threshold current of single pulp nerve unit were compared with the control. In 10 cats, 24 $A{\delta}$- and 11 C- pulp nerve units were recorded. The mean conduction velocities of $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers were 7.5m/sec (SD=5.8) and 1.2m/sec (SD=0.4), respectively. The mean threshold current was $12.3{\mu}A$ (SD=5.3) for $A{\delta}$-fibers and $24.9{\mu}A$ (SD=8.1) for C-fibers. 1, 2, 6M calcium chloride caused decrease of conduction velocity and remarkable increase of threshold current in $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers. The effect of calcium hydroxide mixed with saline was similar but smaller than calcium chloride solution. 0.2M potassium chloride had insignificant effect. In 0.8M potassium chloride, the threshold current was increased although conduction velocity was not affected. In 1.6M potassium chloride, the threshold current was increased and the conduction velocity was slowed down. Spontaneous activity was recorded frequently for first 5 min but gradually reduced both in $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers. Eugenol had irreversible effect on pulp nerve in that initially there were not certain changes in the conduction velocity and threshold current of $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers, but the responses to electrical stimulation were abruptly disappeared after sustained application and were not recovered. Contrary to eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol did not caused significant increase of the threhold current and caused time dependent decrease of the conduction velocity, and did not show any irreversible change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2002

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compost the mixture of Pig manure, gypsum and fly ash. Initial moisture contents of sample A (Pig manure : saw dust = 6 : 4) and C (Pig manure : saw dust : gypsum : coal fly ash= 6 : 2 : 1 : 1) in the reactor were 64 and 50%. Also temperature and pH of samples in the reactor was nearly the same. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentration of sample A and C were about 5500, 2900 mg/kg respectively. This sample was needed a lot of time to mature as viewing cation exchange capacity (CEC) after experiment was over. However added with gypsum and coal fly ash in Process of Pig manure composting Process was suggested that gypsum and coal fly ash have a roles of additive agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2010

We explored the effects of curing and smoking conditions on the shelf life of Dombaeki (shark meat). Dombaeki cured for 12 h in an aqueous solution containing (per 100 ml) salt 5.6 g, sugar 14 g, and garlic powder 0.6 g, showed the best sensory quality among various samples cured for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 hours. The optimum conditions for preparation of smoked Dombaeki (SD) were drying at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, followed by cooking at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and smoking at $65^{\circ}C$ for 40 min, as judged by sensory evaluation of taste, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The volatile basic nitrogen content of air- or vacuum-packed unsmoked Dombaeki (NSD) was above 20 mg% after storage for either 12 days or 5 weeks. However, the nitrogen contents of air- and vacuum-packed SD were less than 20 mg% after either 21 days or 10 weeks of storage at $10^{\circ}C$. The DPPH free radical-scavenging ability of SD (73.9%) was significantly higher than that of unsmoked meat (4.54%). The total polyphenol content of SD (745.6 g/g) was about 4-fold greater than that of unsmoked meat (179.5 g/g).The viable bacterial count of air- or vacuum-packed unsmoked meat was over $10^6\;CFU/g$ after storage for either 12 days or 5 weeks. However, air- or vacuum-packed SD had counts under $10^4\;CFU/g$ at all storage times tested. Changes in coliform bacterial levels paralleled those of total viable cells. The sensory quality (taste, color, flavor, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability) of SD was significantly better than that of NSD.