• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.439-449
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between change in obesity indices and change in serum lipids in adult male workers. Two-hundred-eight adult male workers of an industry in Taegu city were followed-up from 1991 to 1995. Height, weight, circumferences of hip and waist, blood pressure were measured and serum lipids were analysed. Data on life style were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Mean differences of anthropometric measurements between 1991 and 1995 were as follows: 1.63kg in weight, 3.61cm in waist circumferences, 4.23cm in hip circumferences, $0.52kg/m^2$ in BMI and -0.021 in WHR. Those of lipids were as follows; 15.09mg/dl in total cholesterol, 20.43mg/dl in triglyceride, 9.40mg/dl in HDL-cholesterol, 2.87 in MI - index (p<0.01) and 350mg/dl in LDL-cholesterol. The changed value of BMI and Katsura index were strongly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.174, p<0.05), the changed value of BMI correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.374, p<0.01) and the changed value of weight correlated with that of MI index(r=-0.173, p<0.05). The changed value of WHR was signifiantly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.162, p<0.05), however, was not significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and MI index. The changed value of weight, BMI and Katsura index were correlated with that of triglyceride (r=0.262, p<0.01; r=0.267, p<0.01; r=0.258, p<0.01) and the changed value of MI index(r=0.143, p<0.05; r=-0.158; r=-0.144, p<0.01), adjusting the pattern of change in life style. The changed values of HDL - cholesterol and MI index between 1991 and 1995 in low WHR group were significantly higher than those in high WHR group(p<0.05, p<0.01), adjusting the baseline value of them. Similar pattern was observed when considering Katsura index. When stratifying by BMI value of 1991, in low BMI group, the changed value of HDL - cholesterol and MI index showed the same pattern as above, however that of triglyceride was statistically higher in obese group than in non obese group(p<0.05). In conclusion BMI might be a better indicator to predict serum lipids change than other obesity indices.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.258-269
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• 1982

The nutritional status of fruit leaves of sweet persimmon and soil conditions were observed in the fifty five blocks of fruit farms of sweet persimmon in Gimhae, Gyeong-nam area. 1. The soil of fruit farm was composed of more than 20% of gravel in the most part of the fruit farms. 2. The strong acidity was observed in the soil of young fruit farms but the acidity of the farm soils was improved to week acid with increase of age of fruit trees. 3. The great variation in the content of available phosphate were observed in the soil from different fruit farm blocks and the lime content were relatively low in the most of the farm soils. 4. The contents of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium in leaves of sweet persimmon collected in July and October were lower than those collected in May but reverse tendency was observed in the content of calcium, magnesium and sodium. 5. The content of boron in leaves collected in May was similar to that collected in July but extremely high content of boron was observed in the loaves collected in October, harvesting period of sweet persimmon. 6. The contents of iron and manganese in the leaves of sweet persimmon were observed to be relatively high compared to the content in the leaves of other fruit trees. 7. The relatively great variation in such inorganic components as iron, copper and boron was observed in the fruit leaves of sweet persimmon according to the different fruit farm blocks. 8. The ages of fruit trees didn't have an effect on the content of inorganic components in the fruit leaves except the content of nitrogen which was decreased with the increase of the ages of fruit trees.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.968-972
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• 2012

Soil chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea were investigated at four-years interval in order of paddy, plastic film house, upland, and orchard soils since 1999. Paddy soil samples were taken from the surface 15 cm at 4,047, 2,010, 2,110 and 2,110 sites in all provinces of South Korea in 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2010, respectively. Soil chemical properties in Korea except Jeju province were measured. Soil pH and exchangeable calcium and available silicate contents increased with increasing the application rate of silicate fertilizer and with decreasing its application interval. Soil organic matter content also increased from $22.0g\;kg^{-1}$ in 1999 to $26.0g\;kg^{-1}$ in 2011. Average concentration of available phosphate in 2011 was higher than the upper limit of its optimal range for rice cultivation. However, exchangeable magnesium and available silicate contents were below the lower limit of their optimal ranges, which were 80% and 92% of them, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1120-1125
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• 2012

To assess fertilizer value of an quasi-aerobically fermented liquid clipped-grass fertilizer, aerobic incubation experiment using two texturally contrasting loam (L) and sandy loam (SL) soils was conducted for 60 days to investigate temporal variations in N mineralization pattern of the liquid fertilizer applied. To do so, the quasi-aerobically fermented liquid clipped-grass fertilizer was prepared, applied to each soil at a rate of 200 kg-N $ha^{-1}$ and aerobically $25^{\circ}C$ in the dark. During incubation, soil water content was adjusted to field moisture capacity (-33 kPa of soil matric potential) by adding distilled water as necessary to maintain their initial weights. At desired time of incubation (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 days after incubation), soil was sampled and analyzed for inorganic nitrogen ($NH_4{^+}$-N and $NO_3{^-}$-N) concentrations, pH, EC, total carbon contents and total nitrogen contents. Concentrations of $NH_4{^+}$-N began to decrease right after incubation for L soils, and 10 days after incubation for SL soils, while those of $NO_3{^-}$-N began to increase onset of $NH_4{^+}$-N disappearance. The results of this study showed that quasi-aerobically fermented liquid clipped-grass fertilizer could serve as an alternative to chemical N fertilizer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 1988

Twenty five patients with histologically proven medulloblastoma received craniospinal radiotherapy (CSRT) at the Seoul National University Hospital from 1979 to 1984. The extent of tumor removal was biopsy only in 2 patients, partial in 18, and near total in 5. With orthogonal technique of CSRT, mainly 55Gy was delivered to the posterior fossa (PF), 40Gy to whole brain (WB), and 30Gy to whole spine (WS). And with AP; PA technique, 50Gy to PF, 45-50Gy to WB, and 36 Gy to WS. Complete remission was obtained in $84\%$ of patients. Among 21 CR's 10 failures were observed, thus total failure rate was $56\%$ (14/25). Of 14 faiure 13 had the primary failure, 11 failed in primary site alone, 1 failure was combined with ventricular seeding, and another 1 was combined with neck node metastasis. There was 1 isolated spinal failure. Actuarial overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years were $75\%$ and $54\%$, and disease-free survival rates were $58\%$ and $36\%$, respectively. Better 5 year disease-free survival was noted in patients with 55 Gy to the posterior fossa than those with 50Gy $(62\%\;vs\;17\%,\;p<0.05)$, in patients treated with orthogonal technique than those treated with AP:PA technique $(87\%\;vs\;12\%,\;p<0.05)$, and in patients with near total removal than those with partial or less removal of tumor $(56\%\;vs\;30\%,\;N.S.)$ Re-irradiation was not satisfactory No severe late sequelae was noted among the survivors. For the higher control of medulloblastoma, dose to posterior fossa should be at least 55Gy with orthogonal CSRT to small tumor burden. And dose reduction in the subarachnoidal spaces might be safe, but optimal dose to the subarchnoidal spaces should be determined by the thorough tumor staging before radiotherapy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

Foreign materials with a variety of types and sizes are found in food; thus, extraordinary efforts and various analytical methods are required to identify the types of foreign materials and to find out accurate causes of how they unintentionally enter food. In this study, human, cow, pig, mouse, duck, goose, dog, and cat were chosen as various types of animal hairs because they can be frequently incorporated into food during its production or consumption step. We morphologically analyzed them using stereoscopic, optical, SUMP method, and scanning electron microscopes, showing differences in each type. In addition, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) was used to analysis chemical compositions ($^{11}Na{\sim}^{92}U$, Mass%) of samples. As a result, we observed that mammalian hairs were mainly composed of sulfur. Organic compounds of samples were further analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) that can compare spectra of given materials; however, this method did not show significant differences in each sample. In this study, we suggest a rapid method for the identification of the causes and types of foreign materials in food.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2009

A strain producing ${\alpha}$-galactosidase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase was isolated from Kimchi. The isolated strain was identified as Weissella cibaria by 16S rDNA analysis and designated as Weissella cibaria K-M1-4. The enzyme activity of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase reached the maximum in the soy medium at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. The enzymes were purified by ethanol fractionation, DEAE sepharose fast flow, and sephacryl S-100HR column chromatography. ${\alpha}$-Galactosidase specific activity was shown by 576 Units/mg protein and the yield was 3.5% of the total activity of crude extracts. ${\beta}$-glucosidase specific activity was shown by 480 Units/mg protein and the yield was 2.9% of the total activity of crude extracts. The optimum temperature for ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was $60^{\circ}C$ and 43% of its original activity remained when it was treated at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. For ${\alpha}$-galactosidase shows the optimum pH of 8.0 and is fairly stable between pH5.0 and pH9.0. The enzyme activity was increased in the presence of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. The value of Km and Vmax for the enzyme were 0.98 mM and $1.81{\mu}$mole/min, respectively. The ${\beta}$-glucosidase has the optimum temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ and 46% of its original activity remained when it was treated at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30min. Its optimum pH of 7.0 and is fairly stable between pH5.0 and pH9.0. The enzyme activity was increased in the presence of $Fe^{2+},\;Co^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. The value of Km and Vmax for the enzyme were 1.24 mM and $6.81{\mu}$mole/min, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2003

Purpose : To characterize the infants under 3 months of age with urinary tract infections(UTIs), and especially patients with bacteremia or meningitis Methods : Hospital records of all the infants under 3 months of age discharged from our hospital for 69 consecutive months with the diagnosis of initial episode of UTI were reviewed. UTI was defined when patients had fever with pyuria, and had urine culture results of ${\geq}10^5$ colony forming units/mL from a bag specimen. Patients with previously known urologic abnormality or immunodeficiency were excluded. Nosocomial infections were also excluded from the study. Results : The male:female ratio was 35 : 6. Of the urine cultures, 40(97.6%) yielded single pathogen, one yielded two pathogens. Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate from the urine. Five patients(12%) also had bacteremia. Pathogens isolated from the blood cultures were E. coli(4) and Enterococcus faecalis(1). No patient had culture-positive meningitis or cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Clinical or laboratory findings between patients with and without bacteremia were not different significantly. The rate of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) was 44%. The sensitivity of ultrasound for detection of VUR was 38%; specificity was 50%. Conclusion : Clinical and laboratory data were not helpful for identifying patients with bacteremia at the time of presentation. Consequently, blood cultures need to be obtained from all febrile infants under 3 months of age with UTIs. A large-scale study including the indication of lumbar puncture for infants with a febrile UTI and study of evaluation and treatment of infants under 3 months of age with UTIs are required.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

Purpose : Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in children on a weaning diet. We investigated weaning practices in infants and children, as well as their mothers' knowledge about weaning. Methods : We investigated 129 children with IDA and 166 without IDA (aged 6-36 months) who had visited 10 university hospitals between March 2006 and July 2007. We investigated the hematologic values of both groups. A questionnaire on weaning was answered by the mothers of these children. Results : The hematologic values in the IDA group showed a significant difference from those in the comparison group (P<0.05). Children who were solely breastfed until 6 months of age were 85%, 34% (P<0.05), and weaning was started by 6.3, 6.4 months, respectively (P>0.05). Rice gruel, boiled rice, and fruit juice accounted for approximately 80% of the starting foods in both groups (P>0.05). Only 40% of the children in the IDA group had a balanced diet within a month, versus 38% in the comparison group. In response to questions about the necessity of iron-fortified foods for breast-fed infants, less than 50% of mothers in both groups answered correctly. In the IDA group, 42% showed serum ferritin less than 10 ng/mL, while 92% showed serum MCV less than 72 fL. Conclusion : In conclusion, collection of information on history should be thorough for feeding and selective examinations for IDA in high-risk groups. Considering the adaptation period, we suggest beginning children on a weaning diet at 45 months. In addition, we need to educate mothers on weaning practice, especially on the necessity of iron-fortified foods for breast-fed infants.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the potential degradation of a herbicide paraquat by Fenton reagents(ferric ion and hydrogen peroxide) under UV light irradiation(365 nm) in an aqueous solution. When $10{\sim}500$ mg/L of paraquat was reacted with either ferric ion or hydrogen peroxide in the dark or under UV light, no degradation was occurred. However, the simultaneous application of both ferric ion(0.8 mM) and hydrogen peroxide(0.140 M) in paraquat solution(500 mg/L) caused dramatic degradation of paraquat both in the dark (approximately 78%) and under UV light(approximately 90%). The reaction approached an equilibrium state in 10 hours. In the dark, when $0.2{\sim}0.8$ mM ferric ion was added, $20{\sim}70%$ paraquat of $10{\sim}500$ mg/L was degraded, regardless of hydrogen peroxide concentrations($0.035{\sim}0.140$ M), while under UV light, 95% of 10 and 100 mg/L paraquat was degraded regardless of ferric ion and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. At paraquat concentration of 200 and 500 mg/L, paraquat degradation increased with increasing ferric ion concentrations as in the dark. However the increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration did not affect the extent of paraquat degradation. The initial reaction rate constants(k) for paraquat degradation ranged from 0.0004 to 0.0314, and 0.0023 to 0.0367 in the dark and under UV light, respectively. The initial reaction rate constant increased in proportion to the increase in ferric ion concentration in both conditions. The half-lives of paraquat degradation(t1/2) were 20 - 1,980 and 19 - 303 minutes in the dark and under UV light, respectively. This study indicates that Fenton reagents under UV light irradiation are more potent than in the dark in terms of herbicide paraquat degradation in an aqueous solution.