• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

Blockchain is a distributed shared ledger that transparently manages information through verification and agreement between nodes connected to a distributed network. Recently, cases of data management among authorized agencies based on private blockchain are increasing. In this paper, we investigated the application cases and technical processes of PBFT, the representative consensus algorithm of private blockchain, and proposed a modified PBFT algorithm that enables efficient consensus by simplifying duplicate verification and consensus processes that occur during PBFT processing. The algorithm proposed in this paper goes through the process of selecting a delegation node through an authoritative node and can increase the safety of the delegation node selection process by considering an efficient re-election algorithm for candidate nodes. By utilizing this research, it is possible to reduce the burden on the network communication cost of the consensus process and effectively process the final consensus process between nodes.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-87
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• 2013

This paper aims to study Thai democratic deepening and the constitutional engineering with the analytical concepts of 'power sharing' and 'accountability' focusing on the 1997 and 2007 Constitution. With regard to power sharing, the 1997 Constitution had the characteristics of majoritarian principle including a two-party system, strengthening of prime minister and the executive's power etc. It enhanced significantly the aspects of accountability compared with the previous constitutions. The institutions such as Constitutional Court, Commission on Election, Administration Court, Commission on Human Right, Ombudsman, Commission on Anti-corruption, and the Measure for Anti-money Laundering were established by the 1997 Constitution. However, such empowered accountability system were often abused by the political power groups in the political process. The 2007 Constitution has the characteristics of consensual principle including a multiparty system, proportional representation system, weakened prime minister's power, balancing of cabinet and parliament's power, pushing ahead with decentralization. However, the consensual principle of the 2007 Constitution came, in part, from the factional interests. It is similar to the 1997 Constitution in terms of accountability system, which enhanced in law but abused often in practice. One of the critical reasons for the failure of the 1997 and 2007 constitutions to consolidate democratic system was the political game played around the so-called network for the monarchy composed by the military, the civilian bureaucracy, Constitutional Court and the privileged classes. The future of the Thai democratic deepening depends on the constitutional engineering in which the factional interests should be excluded, and the rules of power sharing and accountability which traditionally played around the network for the monarchy should be effectively institutionalized.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.495-508
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• 2023

To compare whether broadcast fact-checking news, which aims to overcome the limitations of objective reporting, ensures fairness, we analyzed 227 fact-checked news stories aired on the main news of KBS, MBC SBS, TV Chosun, JTBC MBN, and YTN from January 1, 2022 to May 31, 2022, when the 20th presidential and local election campaigns were held. The analysis showed clear differences in fact-checking targets and narratives by broadcasters. In general, MBC, JTBC,and YTN were more likely to favor liberal parties such as the Democratic Party, while TV Chosun had a lot of narratives favoring the conservative camp. SBS and MBN were relatively neutral. KBS seemed to be trying to remain outwardly neutral. SBS and TV Chosun were the most active in fact-checking, but they covered a wide range of issues and were characterized by a bias toward contextualizing issues that viewers were curious about, rather than clarifying the facts. The projection of ideological bias by broadcasters in fact-checking narratives is a challenge that needs to be overcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.72-82
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to put forward revitalization of the Honorary Industrial Safety Inspector System by using the survey(2006.05) of the Honorary Industrial Safety Inspector in the Construction Industry. It can be summarized to develop the system as the following: 1) If there are neither labor union nor representative of workers in a company, workers must elect the representative of workers at first and then recommendation of the honorary industrial safety inspector by the representative of workers, 2) It should regulated in the industrial safety and health act about the tenure of the representative of workers and the process of election, 3) Prohibition the honorary industrial safety inspector as the employer members in the Industrial Safety and Health Committee and exclusion of both main office supervisor and subcontract-company supervisor from the appointment of the honorary industrial safety inspector, 4) Measures to realize the prohibitive regulation of unfavorable treatment on the grounds that the inspector has performed legitimate activities as an Honorary Industrial Safety Inspector, 5) Statutory regulation of the educations' hours(primary education & professional education), 6) Specification of the professional education and increase of the frequency, 7) Support of the government(the Ministry of Labor) to revitalize the honorary industrial safety inspector system, 8) Put in a statutory form the regular hours to carry out the work of the honorary industrial safety inspector in the workplace.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.315-334
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• 2013

This study performs opinion mining of newspaper articles, based on topics extracted by topic modeling. We analyze the attitudes of the news media towards a major issue of 'presidential election', assuming that newspaper partisanship is a kind of opinion. We first extract topics from a large collection of newspaper texts, and examine how the topics are distributed over the entire dataset. The structure and content of each topic are then investigated by means of network analysis. Finally we track down the chronological distribution of the topics in each of the newspapers through time serial analysis. The result reveals that both the liberal newspapers and the conservative newspapers exhibit their own tendency to report in line with their adopted ideology. This confirms that we can count on opinion mining technique based on topics in order to analyze opinion in a reliable fashion.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-43
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to explain characteristics of panel data and display the academic cases using panel data. Panel data have merit to control various variables to influence respondents' attitude and estimate the effects of independent variables researchers are interested in by surveying the same respondents several times. However, panel data also have problems such as contaminating the respondents and reducing the number of the respondents as survey conducted several times. In spite of a few inherent problems of panel data, informations that panel data provide are valuable and some research themes could not be possible without panel data. This paper investigates the relationship between interest in elections and voting. Electoral stimulation such as watching TV debates influences the consistent voting intended. But changing nonvoters who had voting intention but not vote are not influenced by the electoral stimulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.14-22
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• 2007

Wireless sensor networks are composed of numerous sensor nodes and exchange or recharging of the battery is impossible after deployment. Thus, sonsor nodes must be very energy-efficient. As neighboring sensor nodes generally have the data of similar information, duplicate transmission of similar information is usual. To prevent energy wastes by duplicate transmissions, it is advantageous to organize sensors into clusters. The performance of clustering scheme is influenced by the cluster-head election method and the size or the number of clusters. Thus, we should optimize these factors to maximize the energy efficiency of the clustering scheme. In this paper, we propose a new energy consumption model for LEACH which is a well-known clustering protocol and determine the optimal number of clusters based on our model. Our model has accuracy over 80% compared with the simulation and is considerably superior to the existing model of LEACH.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2020

This study examines the fact-check coverage provided by the SNU fact-check center site(factcheck.snu.ac.kr). A total of 50 articles that were cross-checked by multiple news media organizations were analyzed. The study's variables were topics, types, characteristics, consistency of the news media organizations' judgement, and fact-check sources. This study found that fact-checking coverage was generally focused on presidential or general election candidates or politicians, as well as political topics. The types of fact-checking coverage primarily included factual information, as well as some opinions or interpretations. Fact-check coverage was mainly focused on the facts of the statements themselves, causal relationships, or the timing or target of the comparison criteria. On average, the fact-checking coverage most frequently assigned the judgment 'mostly false, and primarily used interviews of individuals or data from organizations involved in the issue, government data, and experts' statements as the bases for its fact-checking judgements.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2011

Many Asian countries are suffered from various problems on water, which include the need for increased access to improves water supplies and sanitation through investments in infrastructure and capacity building, the balances water management system between development and ecosystem, and the need to reduce the human populations'vulnerability to water-related disasters, in particular, from climate variability and evolution. Decison makers are the most influential people in policy making and solving global water problems is central issue in eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development (MDG). They across the world form an integral part of the architecture of national or regional governance. Their role covers a range of decision-making processes including passing legislation, scrutinizing government policy, and representing citizen through the election. We must ensure that these quiet but important issues get the political space, financial priority and public attention they deserve. Regional bodies such as the EU have also enacted legislation which introduces rules on water quality and other enforceable mattera across state boundaries. With this growing body of laws and policies on water issues, the role of decision makers is growing. Recognizing this role, decison makers' platform is essential to provide an opportunity to discuss crucial water issues in each country or region and for the purpose "2010 Parliaments for Water in Asia" has planned and organized to investigate our common issues and goals. During the meeting, we have an opportunity to observe water policy of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Mongolia, New Zealand and the Philippines and share the views on what needs to be done to move forward by decision makers for the future of water. In conclusion, the process of developing the decision makers' platform in each region would be ultimately essential point to increase the awareness of the developed and developing countries' roles, knowledge to clarify roles and responsibilities of each stake holders and finally be a major actor for resolving not only water challenges also issues of human settlements.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.342-352
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify how political interest, efficacy and media usage influence political participation in hospital nurses. Methods: Participants were 286 nurses, who were informed of the study purpose and agreed to participate. Data were collected during November and December, 2012 using a questionnaire on political interest, political efficacy, media usage and political participation. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$'s test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Multiple Stepwise Regression. Results: Scores for political participation and political interest was average. The score for political efficacy was higher than average. Political participation was significantly different by education level, job career, position, and intention to vote in the election for the 18th President. Political participation had a moderate positive correlation with political interest (r=.50, p<.001), political efficacy (r=.32, p<.001) and media usage (r=.14, p=.022). Political interest (${\beta}$=.43) was the factor most influential on political participation, explaining 25% of the variance. A total of 32% of political participation was explained by political interest, political efficacy, and TV news or SNS for media use. Conclusion: The results suggest that it is necessary to develop strategies to promote political interest and political efficacy for hospital nurses to improve political participation.