• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to categorize mountain villages according to business expense investments and investigate residents' supplementation demands and differences between expected effects by the categories. For the study, 35 villages where are completely developed on and after 2007 were selected to consider fairness among local governments. Each village leader(the head of the village or the chairperson of the management committee) was conducted a survey from 2012 May to August and one copy of survey was eliminated from the study. The study is summarized into four results. First, the types of mountain villages were categorized as a type of mountain village practice(18), a type of life environment improvement(8) and a type of forestry income(8) according by the itemized reports of the business expense investments. Second, the result of F-test(One Way ANOVA) for the average analysis by types showed that 3 out of 6 demands for the operation were significant differences and a supplementation necessity of the program was identified significant differences in p<0.01 level. The necessity of forestry resources use and sprawling development prevention are also showed significant differences among types in p<0.05 level. Third, F-test results from 7 questions of desired effects through mountain village creation project revealed that promotion and market security of forestry products and local patriotism instillation through a personal exchange are significant differences between types in p<0.05 level. Forth, the results of duplication benefits(the mountain village development projects and the village support programs with other departments) on the residents' development expectation found that when a village received a large number of projects, residents' expected effects were higher than other village residents where received relatively a small number of projects. However, the expected effects from the increasing quantities of projects were decreased.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to gauge the economic evaluation and sample distribution of conserving the Belum Royal State Park (BRSP) in Perak, Malaysia and to identify factors influencing its use by the community. This study aims to examine community perception on the conservation of the Belum Royal State Park (BRSP) and maximum community's willingness to pay for park entry permits fees. Research design, data and methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted involving a total of 280 respondents. The study adopted the Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Approach (DC-CVM) and the Logistic Model, to estimate the maximum community's willingness to pay for park entry permits fees. Results: The results established that the factors of respondent's occupation, income, ecotourism influence on the BRSP and maximum entry price, significantly influenced visitors' decision on community's willingness to pay. The average community's willingness to pay was RM9.68 per person. Conclusions: In conclusion, surveillance and patrols in protected areas should be expanded. The extra expense for ensuring safety can be offset through income from ecotourism that should also benefit the local community on economic evaluation and equal distribution on the BRSP.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.147-167
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of at-home laver consumption expenditures using the data from a survey of households implemented in 2009. It happened that non-response ratios of monthly expenditures on dry laver and flavored laver among sampled households are 18.8% and 25.6%. Accordingly, this study tries to analyze the determinants affecting at-home laver consumption expenditures by using type II tobit model, one of sample selection models, to deal with sample selection bias caused from non-response data. Analysis results show the age variable positively affects expenditures on dry laver but negatively contributes to expenditures on flavored laver. In addition, the household size, the household's income, the degree of preference for laver have positive relationships with both expenditures. Household size elasticity and income elasticity of the expenditure on dry laver are estimated as 0.220 and 0.251. In the case of flavored laver, these elasticities are estimated as 0.484 and 0.261. Such analysis results can provide information on division of the at-home laver consumption market into groups with high willingness to expense and implementation of detailed marketing strategies to increase at-home laver consumption. The methodology of this study can be applied to consumer preference analysis on other marine products and other analyses on sample with non-response data in the fishery research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Hospitality Industry Research Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.109-122
• /
• 2005

In accordance with changes in life style, people's desire to eat out is getting changed in their preferring factors from whether they can buy food they want to eat fast and easily to mood of the dining space, content and quality of service, hygiene condition of restaurant, quiet location and surrounding circumstance, and discount coupon and price destruction. In addition, consumers who begin to recognize the seriousness of environmental pollution prefer health-oriented food. On the other hand, excessive presence of competitors, growing personnel expense, increasing expenditure in accordance with swelling price of rent and material expenditure, increase of tax burden, decrease of income because of credit card service charge and high expected level by consumers make it difficult for restaurant's owners to manage restaurant business. Therefore, this study purposes to establish development of menu from the consumer's and the supplier's point of view and propose how to develop menu aiming at convenience, health and diversity.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2012

Along with the recent trend toward increasing variety and shorter life of products in the market, evaluation of risk for economic investment alternatives is of practical importance in manufacturing companies. This paper assumes that each alternative is composed of demand volume and unit sales price as income factors, and unit variable cost and fixed cost as expense factors. The paper assumes that these four factors move worse from the originally expected values, toward the direction of decreasing profit. Values of these four factors are also assumed to fluctuate from year to year over the entire multi-period. By applying the analysis of the breakeven points to each of the four factors, safer area against these changes is represented on the two dimensional domain called normalized total-cost unit-cost domain. A practical numerical example is analyzed to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.779-788
• /
• 2020

Commercial banks play an important role as the main source of funding in the transition process of Vietnam as a market economy. As a result, enhancing the efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese banks can decrease the lending cost for individuals and enterprises. This study is to measure and analyze the productivity change of Vietnamese banking system in different ownership cohorts and sources of this change during the period of restructuring (2011-2019). The Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity index is utilised to measure the productivity change and to identify the sources of this change. For an empirical analysis, the data of 28 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2011 to 2018 is collected from their financial statements including balance sheets and income statements. The results show an increase of Vietnamese bank productivity due to the technological progress. While foreign and joint-venture banks are the most advanced cohort, state-owned banks have the lowest rate of productivity growth. The restructuring program negatively impacts scale efficiency and this measure attributes to a decline in the overall efficiency of the banks. We also found that state-owned commercial banks are the most efficient group in the sense that they can achieve the maximal level of revenue from a given amount of expense.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2018

Idol goods refer to products such as cups and towels, or mementos or souvenirs that are manufactured to gratify the desires of fandom and may include the facial images of a star. The objective of this research was to explore the purchase behaviors of K-pop idol goods. Two hundred and sixty female idol goods purchasers in their twenties participated in an online survey. Cheering tools were the most often purchased idol goods, followed by idol slogans and dolls. To investigate the difference in idol goods' attributes they considered when shopping, respondents were divided into three purchase groups based on their annual total expense for purchasing idol goods. There were significant differences among light, medium and heavy purchasers in terms of goods' price, practical features, and scarcity. The light shopper group was majorly guided by price and practical features as compared to the other two groups, and heavy shopper group was majorly guided by scarcity attribute than in the other two shopper groups. The more they identified their favorite idols, the more they worked hard, the higher their income, the higher the expenses of investing in idol products, the more likely they were to repurchase idol goods. In term of post-purchase behavior of idol goods, most idol goods purchase by fans were stored rather than used, and few indicated that they purchase two identical idol goods for use and storage.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.10
• /
• pp.327-339
• /
• 2021

This study examines the impact of bank restructuring on the financial performance of commercial banks in Vietnam. The data for this study was obtained from the audited financial statements of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2007 to 2019. Multiple regression analysis was used for investigation. Financial performance, as evaluated by ROAA, ROEA, and NIM, is the dependent variable. Financial restructuring, ownership restructuring, and operational restructuring are the independent variables. Pooled least squares (Pooled OLS), fixed effects model (FEM), random effects model (REM), and system generalized moment regression model (System GMM) are the estimate methods used to increase the accuracy of the regression coefficient. The research results show that the variables of financial restructuring activities such as government intervention and the ratio of equity to total assets; variables of ownership restructuring such as capital adequacy ratio, privatization of state-owned commercial banks, mergers, and acquisitions; variables of operational restructuring such as employees, branches, the cost to total assets; GDP variables and the second restructuring period have a positive impact on financial performance. Variables such as debt-to-capital ratio, bad debt ratio, state ownership ratio, expense-income ratio, and inflation have a negative effect on financial performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2004

The specific purposes of this study are that ; 1) to investigate the distinguished selection attributes on performance of Japanese chain restaurant according to general characteristics of the respondent ; 2) to find out relationships between selection attributes on performance for Japanese restaurant and customer's satisfaction Frequency analysis. one-way ANOVA, reliability analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Total 350 questionnaires were distributed and 312 were replied(89.14%). Selection attributes on performance for Japanese chain restaurant was divided into 7 factors. There are Factor1 'Store Image & Kindness', Factor2 'Sanitation & Taste', Factor3 'Approximation & Children's Menu', Factor4 'Delivery & Business Hours', Factor5 'Food Quantity & Korean Food', Factor6 'Service & Parking' Factor7 'Price & Publicity'. Monthly income, eating-out expense per once and type of companion have significant influences on selection attributes for performance. Customer's total satisfaction is significantly affected by selection attributes on performance. Factor7 'Price & Publicity' has the most significant influence on customer's satisfaction. We expect that the results can be used to provide basic information to plan marketing strategies, and take improved customer's satisfaction for Japanese chain restaurants.