• 무역상무연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.3-37
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• 2003

English law accepts the basic principle of freedom of contract that the parties should be free to agree on any terms that they like unless their agreement is illegal or otherwise contrary to public policy because it infringes some public interest. On the other hand, it has been limited for hundreds of years on the basis that certain contract terms, particularly in standard form, may alter a distribution of risks that the customer would reasonably intended. The alteration may often result from his simple ignorance caused by either lack of opportunity to become aware of clauses or inability to understand their full potential implications. In addition, it may also result from disparity in bargaining power which does not allow the customer to look after their own interests even if he is fully aware of the unacceptable clauses. In response to this problem, English law has employed both judicial and statutory intervention techniques to control unfair contract terms. This study describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms, particularly, in standard form, in order to provide legal advice to our sellers residing either in UK or in Korea who plan to enter into UK markets. It also attempts to explore any problem in the existing double legislations of UCTA and UTCCR and put forward future direction of English law in light of the Draft Unfair Terms Bill which was currently proposed by the Law Commissioners. The main concern of this paper will be confined to some of the various aspects of both judicial and statutory control of unfair contract terms in English law which may draw our attention in terms of domestic or international business sales.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of employment type(direct employment, dispatch and service supplier) on risk factor exposure, health and satisfaction. The data of the 4th wave of Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) in South Korea was used. Business support service industry and manufacturing industry were selected as appropriate industries for analysis. In the final analysis, 5,865 in the manufacturing industry and 1,361 in the service support industry were included. Various variables related risk, safety, satisfaction and health such as risk factor exposure, MSDs exposure, work environment satisfaction, injury probability, dangerous work, workload, physical health problem, perceived health, positive emotions, stress, participation for decision making and experience of accident/disease were analyzed and company size and age was controled. An ANCOVA was conducted to identify significant mean differences of risk, safety, satisfaction and health related variables among direct employed workers, dispatch and service supplier workers. The results showed that all the variables except stress showed a significant difference depending on employment type in the service supply industry. In the manufacturing industry, there were significant difference in the risk factor exposure, MSDs exposure, work environment satisfaction, workload, physical health problem, perceived health, and participation depending on employment type. These results indicated that the risks are unloaded to subcontract and outsourcing company workers. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.153-181
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• 2013

Weather is an influential factor to sales of companies. There have been growing attempts with which companies apply weather to developing their strategic marketing plans. By executing weather marketing activities, companies minimize risks (or negative impacts) of weather to their business and increase sales revenues. In spite of managerial importance of weather management, there are scarce empirical studies that comprehensively investigate its impact and present an efficient method that optimally allocates marketing budget. Our research was conducted in two parts. In the first part, we investigated influences of weather on sales based on real-world daily sales data. We specifically focused on the contextual factors that were less focused in the weather related research. In the second part, we propose an optimization model that can be utilized to efficiently allocate weather marketing budget across various regions (or branches) and show how it can be applied to real industry cases. The results of our study are as follow. Study 1 investigated the impact of weather on sales using store sales data of a family restaurant company and an outdoor fashion company. Results represented that the impacts of weather are context-dependent. The impact of weather on store sales varies across their regional and location characteristics when it rains. Based on the results derived from Study 1, Study 2 proposes a method on how optimally companies allocate their weather marketing budgets across each region.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2009

현재 인스턴트 메시징은 다양한 분야에서 많은 장점을 제공하고 있기 때문에, 여러 조직 내부에서 여러 상황에 맞추어 새로운 의사소통수단으로 빠르게 변모하고 있다. 긴급한 메시지의 전파, 파일의 전송 등, 인스턴트 메시징은 한 조직의 의사소통체계를 훨씬 용이하게 만들어 주는 귀중한 자산으로 자리매김 할 수도 있으나, 만약 부주의하게 사용된다면, 개인의 사생활을 침해할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 조직 전체에 악성 프로그램을 유포하는 데 악용될 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 인스턴트 메시징이 사용되는 방식을 분류하고, 인스턴트 메시징으로 야기될 수 있는 위협요소에 효율적으로 대처할 수 있는 보안 정책을 연구하고 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1077-1083
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 지속적인 증가 및 확대 추세에 있으나 여전히 많은 실패를 겪고 있는 SDO(Software Development Outsourcing) 프로젝트의 성과 향상을 위해 SDO 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하고자 하였다. SDO는 본질적으로 관계측면의 위험과 성과측면의 위험이 복합적으로 혼재되어 나타나는 바, 복합적인 위험요인으로 인해 SDO 성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 선행연구를 통해 도출하였다. 연구가설의 검증을 위해 SDO 경험이 있는 고객사의 정보시스템 인력을 대상으로 현장 설문조사를 실시하여 214개의 설문을 수집, 분석에 이용하였다. 분석 결과, SDO의 성과에는 벤더의 힘과 고객사 요구사항의 불변성, 목표의 명확성 그리고 목표의 일치 정도가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 벤더의 지식과 고객사 지식은 모두 프로젝트 성과에 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 SDO의 실패를 낮추고 성공 가능성을 높이는 데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

In a PCB factory, there is a corrosive chemical substance supply system that can causes major leakage accidents. These accidents can give rise to shut down the factory and do residents damage that cause enormous loss of properties. To mitigate these risks, it is necessary to provide a chemical disaster prevention system. Moreover, after considering the situation and environment of the production site, it is of great importance to build an optimal chemical accident prevention system by reflecting risk reduction measures from the point of process design and by assessing quantitative risk based on reliability data. However, because there was no established database of the reliability about facilities and equipment that can be used in the domestic, the business site and consulting organization had being used the reliability data such as USA CCPS(Center for Chemical Process Safety). In these days, Korean institutes are studying on reliability data utilization method of quantitative risk assessment for preventing chemical accidents and domestic utilization algorithms and storage bed of reliability data. This study presents samples of reliability database about the chemical substance supply system that constructed from the history data such as failure, maintenance for 10 years at a PCB factory. Also, this work proposes the safety design criteria for supply facilities of corrosive chemical substance by assessing quantitative risk on the basis of the reliability data.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2018

협력적 소비는 소비에 공유 패러다임을 적용하여 자원고갈과 환경오염 문제를 완화할 수 있는 대안적 소비방식이자 공유경제 시스템 내에서 새로운 가치를 창출하는 비즈니스모델로서 의미가 있다. 협력적 소비에 참여하는 개인은 자신의 것을 공유하는 제공자가 되기도 하며 공유된 것을 사용하는 사용자가 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 제공자 및 사용자로서 협력적 소비에 참여하고자 하는 의도에 지각된 혜택, 주관적 규범, 참여용이성인식이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 전반적으로 지각된 혜택과 주관적 규범은 높게 나타난 반면, 협력적 소비 참여용이성인식은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 제공자 및 사용자로서 협력적 소비에 참여할 의도는 주관적 규범과 참여용이성인식에 정적 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 소비자가 협력적 소비에 참여하는 데 주변 사람들의 지지와 자신의 능력에 대한 인식이 중요한 요인으로 작용함을 의미한다. 따라서 협력적 소비를 활성화하기 위해서는 협력적 소비에 대한 소비자의 긍정적 태도를 형성하고 협력적 소비의 필요성에 대한 사회적 공감대를 형성할 수 있는 커뮤니케이션 전략이 필요하다.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.279-304
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• 2003

예금보험료는 각 금융기관의 위험정도에 상응해서 부과되어야 하지만 우리나라는 현재 금융 업종별로만 차등화되어 있고 같은 업종 금융기관간에는 동일 예금보험료율이 적용되고 있다. 고정예금 보험료율 부과방식에 비하여 변동예금 보험료율 부과방식은 논리적 타당성을 지니고 있지만 실제 적용가능한 객관적이고 측정이 용이한 기준마련이 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 옵션평가모형(option pricing model)을 이용하여 1995년부터 2001년까지 개별금융기관 및 전체 금융업종별로 예금보험료율을 추정하고 분석하였다. 금융업종별로 상호비교한 다음 연도별 추세분석과 분포분석을 하였다. 다음으로 추정 예금보험료율과 은행의 자본적정성, 수익성 및 자산건전성을 나타내는 관련 변수들과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 개별 금융기관에 따라, 그리고 금융업종 및 표본기간에 따라 예금보험료율의 추정치가 상당한 차이를 보였다. 이는 금융업종에 따라 예금보험료율을 차등부과하고 개별은행의 위험을 반영하는 위험반영 차등 예금보험료율 제도의 타당성을 뒷받침한다고 할 수 있다. 은행보고자료와 감독기관의 검사자료가 지니고 있는 주관적 요소라는 단점을 극복하는 자료인 시장자료를 이용하는 본 연구의 추정결과는 예금보험료 부과에 보완적으로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

As supply chains are globalized, multinational companies are trying to optimize distribution networks using a hub and spoke structure. In this hub and spoke network structure, multinational companies locate regional distribution centers at hub airports, which serve demands in their corresponding regions. Especially when customers put higher priority on the service lead-time, hinterlands of international hub airports become ideal candidate locations for the regional hub distribution centers. By utilizing excellent airport and logistics services from hub airports, regional distribution centers in the hub airports can match supply with demand efficiently. In addition, regional hub distribution centers may increase air cargo volume of each airport, which is helpful in the current extremely competitive airport industry. In this paper, we classified locational preferences into three primary categories including demand, service and risk and applied the analytic hierarchy process methodology to prioritize factors of locational preferences. Primary preference factors include secondary factors. Demand factor contains access to current and prospect markets. Service factor comprises airport and logistics perspectives. Service factor in terms of airport operations includes secondary factors such as airport service and connectivity. Service factor in terms of logistics operations contains infrastructure and logistics operations efficiency. Risk factor consists of country and business risks. We also evaluated competitiveness of Asian hub airports in terms of candidate location for regional hub distribution centers. The candidate hub airports include Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Narita and Incheon. Based on the analytic hierarchy process analysis, we derived strategic implications for hub airports to attract multinational companies' regional hub distribution centers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2020

A construction project is a designed product made up of labors, materials, and installations in the project positioned on the ground and may include the underground and ground section, and the section in water or on the water surface. It is a civil, industrial, transport, agricultural and rural development, infrastructure, or some other. A key phase in the life cycle of these construction projects is the implementation when building products are made directly with workers, equipment, materials, and managers. If there is a lack of management experience, information, and problem-solving solutions to tackle the risks faced by contractors, especially foreign ones, will fail in controlling the project's cost. This study was conducted with investigations, discussions, and evaluation of the factors that lead to cost overruns in the construction projects of international contractors in Vietnam. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that those factors that influence cost overruns these construction projects fall into five general groups, including factors related to (i) the owners, (ii) the foreign contractors, (iii) the subcontractors and suppliers, (iv) state management, and (v) the project itself. Besides, the study proposes solutions to limit cost overruns in construction projects and improve the profitability of international contractors in Vietnam.