• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.23-31
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigated competitive counteractions necessary for continuous growth in a rapidly changing logistics environment in Northeast Asia. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Using a time series analysis, the study first investigated Northeast Asian trade scale and volume by examining online and offline material from the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Busan Port Authority, and other government agencies. A literature survey was done to investigate the state and prospect of the logistics environment in Northeast Asia including changes in freight volume at major ports in the three Northeast Asian countries. Result - The results of the study suggest using the Trans-Korean Railroad (TKR), as well as promoting the North Pole and South Pole routes, to compete against changes in trade volume and the logistics environment in Northeast Asia. A SWOT analysis was done to examine the effectiveness of these strategies. Conclusions - The findings indicate that the TKR impact, using the Busan Port connecting the Trans-China Railway (TCR), the Trans-Siberian (TSR), and the North Pole Route, may be uncertain in practice considering the uncertainty in international politics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.599-610
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• 2011

Emission of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$), hydrocarbons (HC), $SO_2$, and particulate matter (PM) and $CO_2$ from ship during 2009 in Busan port was estimated based on activity-based method. The significant fraction (> 50%) of ship emission resulted from container and general cargo ships. Emission at port operation mode was the most dominant compared to at sea and maneuvering modes. Emission at North port was the largest source of air pollutants among ports. The magnitudes of air pollutants $NO_x$, $SO_2$, HC, $CO_2$, and PM in Busan port were $8.7{\times}10^3$, $8.23{\times}10^3$, $0.35{\times}10^3$, $4.86{\times}10^6$, and $0.67{\times}10^3$ ton/yr, respectively. The ratio of $NO_x$ to VOC is about 25. Our ship emission estimate is 2 times higher than that in CAPSS emission inventory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.127-139
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• 2006

Mt. Yokmang landscape design awarded first in [North container terminal site furtherance construction in Busan new port], design competition sponsoring in the Korea Container Terminal Authority in 2005. Design guideline was to propose the symbol of new port and to establish landscape plan in consideration of view and geological location. Because landscape plan required establishment of restoration plan for cutting slope, Mt. Yokmang became the major object. The purpose of planning are as follows. The first purpose is to minimize existent natural environment damage, and the second, to connect with ambit and create new image. The third is to provide place of rest and interchange for local resident. Reflecting stratum structure and landscape characteristics, cutting slope consisted of [utilization slope], [presentation slope], [landscape slope], and [ecological slope]. Vegetation design applied ecological restoration method through restoration of stratum, and eve environment-friendly afforestation, planned program that can connect area with existing ecosystem. In process that decides form of the cutting slope, analyze view structure and visual exposure in various access routes, sensitivity etc. was accomplished. Also, symbolic tower(Ocean Polaris) that presents in architecture and landscaping features, night landscape planning could gain synergy effect by keeping consistence with landscape and ecological planning. Passing through final design and construction process, I expect that the Mt. Yokmang will be a new landmark in Busan new port.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

Competition to attract the increasing container cargoes of North China and the West Japan in North-East Asia region is fairly intensed in recent days between the main ports of Korea, China, and Japan. Inducing a new container cargo make those countries possible to invest enormous fund to mordernize its port facilities, as well as to improve efficiency in Port operation and management. In this situation, Strategy to attract transshipment cargoes is of the immediate necessity, This study, therefore, aims to establish the feasible strategies to attract transshipment container cargoes in the North-East Asian region by empirical analysis, he major output of the research is as follows : First, Busan Port to attract transshipment cargoes is required to adjust port tariff and free storage period with flexibility for liner shipping companies and freight forwarder. Second, Price-Demand function of Busan port between main competitive ports in North-East Asian region that is derived from strategies to attract transshipment cargoes, helps marketing manager to fix scientifically port price as understanding the change of demand quantity.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.35-59
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is to exmaine fundamental problems of Gwangyang Port and draw up plans of its Hub Port. Gwangyang Port has been gradually reduced container cargo increase rate. on account of large development of Chinese Port, undevelopment of Hinterland, Port facilities of Gwangyang Port. We should develop hinterland to be closely connected with Port Cluster, Business City, Free Economic Zone to increase cargo volume. and in order to increase transshipment cargo volume, We should prepare diverse plans that can induce Chinese and Japanese transshipment cargo. Gwangyang Port and Busan Port should be managed united one port system by a Port Authority to strengthen international competitiveness. Activation of new ports for the most part call for full support by Government at the beginning. Gwangyang Port's future it can be if Government has strong will.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

This study aims to examine the the characteristics if the sea water circulation in related to the change of the water exchange rate according to the the development phases of Busan Port. To clarify the characteristics, the water exchange caused by construction if new-port and river discharge conditions was examined by the numerical experiments using the Lagrangian particle tracking model based on 2-D shallow water equation. This study deals with the charge of flow field and water exchange after redevelopment using numerical simulation technique, based on the field observation and 4 rivers discharge flow. As a result if numerical simulation, Variation if current velocity in Busan North Port is almost nothing before and after construction. Water exchange of channel in area of redevelopment is a little. Futhermore, the tidal exchange had a tendency to be small both before and after redevelopment by 60%.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.191-208
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the integration aspect of operators to determine an improvement strategy for the operating system to enhance competitiveness of Busan Port. This Study proposes the following alternatives: valuation standards for the integration of operators, the road map for the integration period, the scope and role setting of integrated operators' participation of Busan Port Authority(BPA), and the separation and linkage North Port and the New Port operators. First, the valuation standards for operator integration should be based on international standards. Additionally quantitative factors such as financial situation, business performance and participating companies' profitability, and the qualitative factors such as management ability, technology, and labor relations should be considered. Second, the timing of North Port's operator integration should be prioritized in the short term in conjunction with the commencement of its phase 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6. The integration of New Port operators should provide a road map for a relatively long-term perspective. Third, the participation of BPA' integrated operators should be considered in terms of publicity as a policy coordinator between terminals and by pursuing the profitability of entering into overseas business by fostering Korean global terminal operators. The scope and role of participation ensures that the experience and technology of the terminal operation business is maximized. Fourth, because physically intergrating the North Port' operator into a single corporate form is difficult, initially establishing a special purpose company to maximize the effect of the integrated operation is necessary. Then, the operators decided to convert to a holding company given the termination of the lease term contract with the State or BPA, and ultimately proposed a merger into a single corporation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

Choryang Waekwan was the biggest Japanese settlment to house the Japanese diplomatic mission and traders in Korea. Waekwan means Japanese Pavilion literally, but the reality of this Waekwan exceeded much the scale of single architecture. Since Choryang Waekwan was closed in the second half of the nineteenth century, the site of this settlement grew rapidly as the downtown of Busan, which was the first port open to foreign countries in modern Korea. The formation of modern port owes much to the presence of Japanese settlment in Lee Dynasty as long as Choryang was officially designated as the trading port toward Japan and vice versa. Busan is the nearest city to Japan, in fact. Within a day ships could reach Tsushima Island, the island region north of Fukuoka, which played an intermediary role between Seoul and Edo. No architectural remain could be seen on the actual site of Choryang Waekwan. The site has become one of the busiest centers in Busan with quantify of office buildings and shops. The former Busan City Hall was located in this area. The field survey of the site as well as the analysis of historical documents, which were newly found both in Korea and in Japan, enabled to reconstruct the architecture and cityscape of Waekwan by way of computer graphics.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

Busan Port handles more than 75% of the domestic freight volume and is ranked at 6th for global shipping in the world. This paper aims to estimate ship emission in North Port that is the center of Busan Port and located near the residential area. The emission for each type of ship is calculated applying a emission model proposed by U.S. EPA and the atmospheric diffusion pattern of the exhaust gas according to the season, the weather condition and the time was identified using CALPUFF Model. As a result, the major pollutants of $NO_x$, $SO_x$ and PM10 were 30,853 tons, 36,281 tons and 6,856 tons, respectively, and the highest rate was 42% in oil tankers. On clear days, air pollution was stagnant around the harbor, spread widely on windy days, and tended to be thinner on rainy days. The research contributes to recognizing the seriousness of air pollution and can be used as basic data for policy making in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2013

One of the most important indicators for measuring service level and productivity of the port may be a demurrage rate. Currently, in the case of grain terminal of Busan North Port, demurrage rate are recognized at a very high level, in order to improve this, it is tilted more effort operational. In order to reduce the demurrage, there is a way expansion of facility of hardware, such as the replacement of aging equipment, and how manipulative assignment rules of the apparatus of the operation on the software side, such as changing the order of facility allocation. If the financial reasons are out of question, it is possible to expand to reduce the demurrage rate by operational way. Therefore this paper deals with how to operate some of the allocation rules and silo allocation rules of equipment to reduce the work hours with model and how to operate basic equipment and grain terminal of Busan North Port want to be seen by comparative analysis.