• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 2010

The fifty six components of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were continuously measured by the hour to see the distributions their of its concentration and the ozone creating contribution of nitric oxides and VOCs in Gamjeon Odor and VOCs Monitoring Network from April to September, 2008. Aromatics occupied 51.3% of VOCs and paraffins, alkanes and olefins came in order. The monthly concentration of VOCs in Gamjeon was high in July and low in September. As for hourly concentration of ozone and nitric oxides, ozone started to increase since 10am having the highest in the daytime, and nitric oxides had the different trend from that of ozone, showing the lowest in the daytime. The photochemical ozone creating potentials(POCPs) of toluene, propane, m/p-xylene, ethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were 30.6%, 10.2%, 9.4%, 7.4% and 5.2% respectively. These five components occupied 62.8% of total POCPs, which means they contributed to the ozone creation mainly. Related with the ozone creating contribution, the ratio of VOCs to NOx was generally under 6 occupied 72.0%, which came under the area coexisting the limit of VOCs. Therefore it is thought that the management of emission source of VOCs is very important for the reduction of ozone.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose the new direction in the curriculum and framework of information & communication department in technical high schools through analyzing the propriety of curriculum contents, the relationship among the subjects and the time difference in major subjects and mathematics, respectively. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) The common curriculum to include the number of selective and major subjects were different according to the curriculum and studying hours in each school. The differences were caused by the results of managing the curriculum by which was considered characteristics of schools, department and so on. (2) Mathematical contents are evenly found in 3 units in general communication subjects. The mathematical factors are shown similarly in every item in mathematics10-A, mathematics10-B, and mathematics I. The mathematical contents are found most frequently by 41.2% in the communication basis unit, also there were four items which do not exist in the technical high school mathematics. (3) Mathematical contents are evenly found in every unit of electron circuit subject. The mathematical factors in mathematics10-A are shown more than in mathematics I by 8 items. Mathematical contents are found most frequently in the amplification circuit unit by 22.2% of the electron circuit subject.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.225-235
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Expected factors on the quality of life and its degree of elders in urban regions. Survey was conducted among 300 elders age of over 65, who attended four schools for elders at Busan metropolitan city in the month of October 2 to October 25, 2012 and data were collected 245 samples. Data analysed by using correlation analysis and multi-regression analysis to recognize the degree of the quality of life of elders and the result showed the expected factors on the quality of life and its major were as follows: First, average score of the quality of life of urban elders was 3.17 (5 scores of scale) and it indicated the medium result; Second, between sub-areas of the quality of life of subjects, significant positive relation was shown among every area excluding depression area;Third, the factors mostly influencing on the quality of life are mental health, social relation, and physical relation in order and it showed a significant level (p<0.001). The study revealed the symptoms of depression which reltaed to mental health, it indicated as a major factor to the quality of life, this study suggest there is requirement of nursing intervention and the application of health program to reduce the depression.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

The purpose of forecasting the traffic accident is to reduce the traffic accident. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide severity of the accident by Forecasting of Probability of Accident. In Korea, accident data are distributed to the public via internet that includes numbers of accident and fatality as well. And crude level of accident severity in accordance with weather information for metropolitan city level are available by weekly. However, It can not reflect personal needs at specific origin of the travel for a certain traveller. This study aims to consider 68 major intersections with precipitation data, and eventually introduces link based accident severity. In estimating the accident severity both dynamic data such as drivers' characteristics, driving conditions and static data such as geometry of road, intersection characteristics are considered. Also, we identifies accident severity according to the accident type - 'vehicle to vehicle,' 'vehicle to person.' Finally, the outcomes of this study suggests taylor-made accident severity information for a specific traveller for a certain route.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

Loan amount of housing mortgage is composed of various factors. This study paper studies focuses on estimating the determinants of a loan amount of housing mortgage. The region for analysis consist of seven groups, that is, metropolitan city (such as Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangiu, Daejeon, Ulsan.) and Seoul. Analyzing period be formed over a 45 time points(2007. 01.~ 2010. 09). In this paper the dependent variable setting up loan amount of housing mortgage, explanatory(independent) variables are composed of the consumer price index, unemployment rate, average monthly household income per household, expenditure rate of health care, composite stock price index and overdue rate of household loans for commercial bank. In looking at the factors which determine loan amount of housing mortgage, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between the consumer price index and unemployment rate. The study also produced evidence supporting the view that there is a significant negative relationship between expenditure rate of health care. The study found that average monthly household income per household, expenditure, composite stock price index and overdue rate of household loans for commercial bank were not significant variables. The implications of these findings are discussed for further research.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.246-257
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• 2012

Objectives: To compare the self-rated health in chronic disease patients with depression, chronic disease patients, and depression patients, and to observe the related factors to the self-rated health of people age 65 and older. Methods: The subjects were 2,549 elderly people, over 65 years old in Busan Metropolitan City who participated in 2009 community health survey. Association between self-rated health and general characteristics, life style and disease status were observed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Analysis of complex sample was done with SAS (ver. 9.2), using ${\chi}^2$-test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among total 2,549, there were 740 normal people (29.8%), 50 people with depression (1.8%), 1,495 people with other chronic diseases (58.2%), and 264 people with the comobidity of depression and other chronic diseases (10.1%). Good self-related health accounted for 20.3% for the whole, 33.4% for normal, 16.7% for chronic disease, 16.1% for depression, and 3.2% for chronic diseases with depression. Disease, gender, education, income, alcohol drinking, regular exercise and regular walking were independent factors associated with the good self-related health. Conclusions: It is suggested that when the chronic disease control program for the elderly is developed, depression care should be considered along with the program. This program should be given priority to the women and the vulnerable classes and should also be related to the regular walking.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2012

In this paper, the feedback loop mechanisms among the operational indices and exogenous variables of a sewerage system that are inherent in the operation and maintenance of a sewerage system were identified using the System Dynamics (SD) modeling methodology. The identified feedback loops were used to develop a SD computer simulation model that can be used to predict future operational conditions of a sewerage system and identified the efficient ways of operation. The data of Busan metropolitan city sewerage system was applied to verify the developed SD model and predict future operational conditions of the system. As a result, it was predicted that sewage treatment efficiency, volume of sewage treatment and cost recovery rate will be gradually increased, whereas service rate which was already very close to the target will remain almost the same as the current value. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis concerning some operational indices was performed in order to discover the policy leverage. As a result, it was found that the exogenous variables related to the pipe maintenance had a great effect on facility using rate, volume of sewage treatment as well as sewage treatment efficiency.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2002

Recently, plane failure mode occurred frequently along the bedding plane having low angle dip about 20 degree when cutting slopes were constructed in sedimentary rock region of the Gyeongsang Basin. Landslide of the Whangryeong Mountain which was occurred at Busan Metropolitan City in 1999 belongs to the category mentioned above. Reconstruction for cutting slope of the Whangryeong Mountain has finished in 2000 and final grade of reconstructed cutting slope is 1:2.0. To analyze slope failure mode for landslide of the Whangryeong Mountain, various analyses were performed such as in-situ investigation and test, drilling, laboratory test, aerial photograph interpretation, X-ray diffraction analysis, and slope stability analysis using Stereographic Projection and Limit Equilibrium methods. As the result, it is identified that tension cracks had been developed one year before the landslide took place. The tension crack semis to be formed by merging several joint sets. It appears that failure blocks broke down along the sliding planes of different layers. Risk of plane failure is conformed as a result of stability analysis using Stereographic Projection and Limit Equilibrium methods in case that greenish gray tuffaceous shales, regared as sliding planes, are weathered. From now on, a detailed investigation is needed for the thin layers which is sensitive to weathering, and stability analysis for this layer is performed at cut slope construction site having similar geological condition.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

Reactive reductants of cement/Fe(II) systems in dechlorinating chlorinated hydrocarbons have not been identified. The previous studies showed that a hematite/CaO/Fe(II) system had TCE degradation characteristics similar to those of cement/Fe(II) systems with regard to degradation kinetics and that lime (CaO) plays an important role in enhancing the reactivity for TCE dechlorination. The current study shows identified the formation of gypsum ($CaSO_4$) in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system through the XRD analysis. The amounts of the gypsum increased with increment of the initial CaO dose. However, when CaO in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system was replaced with gypsum, TCE degradation was not observed. Ca-removed Portland cement extracts (CPCX) in combination with $FeSO_4(CPCX/FeSO_4)$ showed no TCE degradation. On the other hands, the Portland cement extracts (PCX) in the presence of $FeSO_4(PCX/FeSO_4)$ and CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems degraded 0.2 mM TCE within 5 days, indicating that CaO also played an important role dechlorination reactions in the systems. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) of the CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems were 0.20, 0.24, and 0.72 $day^{-1}$, when the CaO dosages were 25, 50 and 75 g/L, respectively. The XRD analyses showed identified the common peaks having the d-values of 3.02, 2.27, and 1.87 in the reaction systems that showed TCE degradation. However, it was not possible to clearly identify the crystalline minerals having the three peaks from the references in JCPDS cards. This study reveals that the reactive agents in the cement/Fe(II) and the hematite/Fe(II) systems are likely to be those containing CaO and Fe(II).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2010

Recently active policies of bicycle in many municipalities have been selected as the main policies. And a bike-related research is a difference in the direction of research according to socially active atmosphere on a bike using. Recent the research of approaches to enable bike use according to regional characteristics focused on Busan has been conducted is differentiated. But A different approach should be considered on the small town smaller than Metropolitan. Because of the relatively small city-size bicycle can be a variety of purposes. Therefore, this study to research awareness assessment methods of these local residents on the bike use inquires to the awareness of local residents in addition to the physical condition of facilities and policies target for the dong unit of small towns with 300,000~500,000 people. Awareness assessment methods of these local residents for the revitalization of bicycle using enable the local and regional conditions of bicycle using to compare very easily and the conception on the revitalization of bicycles using will make it possible considering the regional differences in the conditions of dong unit. Therefore, this process will be important references to be considered a differentiated analysis and approaches to enable bike use of the conditions of small towns on the bicycle using.