• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

We are based on the results of this study, the policy measures for improving the efficiency of supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities in six metropolitan cities in the whole nation could be suggested as follows. First, when the utilization rate of public cremation facilities by citizents out of the jurisdiction area was lower, the overall demand for cremation was high. Therefore, the supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities should be carried forward by preferentially focusing on Busan Metropolitan City(4.1%) and Daegu Metropolitan City(17.9%) with low utilization rate by citizens out of the jurisdiction area. Second, the utilization variance of public cremation facilities in the whole six metropolitan cities in the whole nation, was insignificant(1.4%). Therefore, for the efficiency of supply & demand policy of cremation facilities in those six metropolitan cities, the customized-policies considering the characteristics of each metropolitan city should be carried forward in priority. Third, on the basis of 2018, the population size of those six metropolitan cities in the whole nation is from minimum 1.15million to maximum 3.39million as a large city, and relatively, they are facing many difficulties in the expansion for supply & demand of cremation facilities. Therefore, for the smooth construction of cremation facilities, it would be necessary to enforce policies that could disperse the demand for cremation through the joint construction of cremation facilities with other local governments close to each metropolitan city.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2024

This study was performed to survey the distribution of Listeria spp. in fresh agricultural products in the Busan area, the Republic of Korea, from January to November 2022. We investigated the pathogenicity and epidemiological relationships by tracing isolated strains using polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electro-phoresis (PFGE) methods. Forty cases of Listeria spp. were detected in the 210 samples of fresh agricultural products analyzed. Four species, Listeria rocourtiae, L. innocua, L. grayi, and L. monocytogenes were detected only in green vegetables (lettuce, perilla leaps) and the others (L. innocua, L. monocytogenes, and L. grayi) were detected in enoki and oyster mushrooms. L. innocua was detected in 22 samples and L. grayi in six samples. L. monocytogenes, which causes foodborne diseases, was only detected in enoki mushrooms and the strains that were isolated had genes responsible for the pathogenicity of listeriosis (iap, prfA, inlA, inlC, inlJ, and hly). To investigate the genetic similarity and contamination route of L. monocytogenes, serotyping and PFGE were conducted for 12 strains isolated from fresh agricultural (10 strains) and poultry (2 strains) products distributed at a market in the Busan area. Two serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b) were detected in strains isolated from the agricultural and poultry products, but serotype 1/2b was only detected in strains isolated from agricultural products. PFGE analysis showed index of similarity values of 45.7 to 100% and the same patterns were represented in isolates from some enoki mushrooms. These isolates had the same serotypes and showed significant epidemiological relationships.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

Satellite image is very usefully practiced to predict and analyze physical expansion and change of city. Physical expansion and change of city is closely related to the use of land, and continuous growth management focused on the use of land is essential for sustainable city growth. In this research, the change of land cover and land-use were analyzed with basic input data from 1985 to 2000 according to artificial satellite. Moreover, the land-use turnover rate was understood and expansion trend of urban sprawl in Busan metropolitan city and land-use characteristics of the expansion area. The results are, first, the area for urban region was expanded continuously but areas for agriculture area, forest area, and water area had different changes due to administrative district reform of Busan by each year. Second, the urbanization area in Busan was increased by 3.8% from $92.5km^2$ in 1985 to $167.5km^2$ in 2000. Third, the result of analysis on land-use turnover rate showed that agriculture area was turned into urbanized area the most, and forest area was followed by. Fourth, the result of analysis on database and overlay of buildings in Busan established in 2001 showed that agriculture area are had type 1 and 2 neighborhood living facilities (45.63%), apartment house in forest area (18.49%), and factory in water area (31.84%) with high ratio.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2010

Fungi, including allergenic, pathogenic or toxigenic species, may have direct effects on human health, interfere with the disinfection process and maintenance of chlorine residual, and add to taste and odor problems. We surveyed distribution of waterborne fungi from raw water in Busan metropolitan city using the EPA standard method. According to the survey, conducted from March 2008 to October 2008, the number of fungi in raw water was high in September and low in April. Quantitative enumeration of fungi per 100 ml of raw water ranged from 5 to 64 CFU, and a higher number was detected in the Mulgum region compared to the Maeri region. Total fungi numbers highly correlated with pH, water temperature and total coliform in this area. Predominant fungi genera grown in medium were identified as Aspergillus, Penicillum, Histoplasma, Rhizopus, Trichophyton, Mucor and Sporthrix species. Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum were particularly dominant in both areas. There were a total of 6 and 9 species detected in the Mulgum and Maeri regions respectively, and the number of species was more verified in the Maeri region than the Mulgum region.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1097-1113
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• 2012

Ozone is the secondary photochemical pollutant formed from ozone precursor such as nitrogen dioxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The ambient concentration of ozone depends on several factors: sunshine intensity, atmospheric convection, the height of the thermal inversion layer, concentrations of nitrogen oxides and VOCs. Busan is located in the southeast coastal area of Korea so the ozone concentration of Busan is mainly affected from the meteorological variables related to the sea such as sea breeze. In this study the ozone concentrations of Busan in 2008~2010 were used to analyse the cause of the regional ozone difference in eastern area of Busan. The average ozone concentration of Youngsuri was highest in Busan however the average ozone concentration of Gijang was equal to the average ozone concentration of Busan in 2008~2010. The two sites are located in eastern area of Busan but the distance of two sites is only 9km. To find the reason for the difference of ozone concentration between Youngsuri and Gijang, the meteorological variables in two sites were analyzed. For the analysis of meteorological variables the atmospheric numerical model WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) was used at the day of the maximum and minimum difference in the ozone concentration at the two sites. As a result of analysis, when the boundary layer height was lower and the sea breeze was weaker in Youngsuri, the ozone concentration of Youngsuri was high. Furthermore when the sea breeze blew from the south in the eastern area of Busan, the sea breeze at Youngsuri turned into the southeast and the intensity of sea breeze was weaker because of the mountain in the southern region of Youngsuri. In that case, the difference of ozone concentration between Youngsuri and Gijang was considerable.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2015

Busan Metropolitan City lacks leisure-oriented spaces for children compared to other cities. Furthermore, it is difficult to maintain the amusement facilities for children scattered around the city due to the fact that they were worn out. To set up a leisure-oriented park for children on the site for children amusement facilities, the present study is concerned about planning children amusement facilities for public use compatible with the new trend for children amusement facilities. For this purpose, a number of case studies, carried out domestic and abroad on developing children amusement facilities, were examined to choose appropriate facilities and feasible project plans were drawn up. Major findings of the study are as follows. First, it is strongly suggested that this project should be promoted because it is a leading pilot project for building children theme parks for each zone in Busan Metropolitan City. Second, it is suggested that field study programs should be run in connection with Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1929-1941
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• 2014

Now a days, frequency of abnormally high temperatures like heat wave by global warming and climate change is increasing constantly and the number of patient with heat related illness are jumping rapidly. In this study, we chose the case day for the heat wave in Busan area(Busan and Yangsan), 2013 which it was the most hottest year during 21th century. And then, we analysed the weather condition using automatic synoptic observing system(ASOS) data. Also, four indices, heat index(HI), wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT), Man-ENvironment heat EXchange model(MENEX)'s results like Physiological subjective temperature(PST), Physiological strain(PhS), were calculated to evaluate the thermal comfort and stress quantitatively. However, thermal comfort was different as the each station and thermal comfort index during same time. Busan's thermal indices (HI: hot, WBGT: sweltering, PST: very hot, PhS: very hot) indicated relatively higher than Yansan's (HI: very hot, WBGT: sweltering, PST: very hot, PhS: sweltering). It shows that Busan near coast is relatively more comfortable than Yangsan located in inland.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2013

Recently, expected casuality or property damage, such as flood damage, environmental destruction, etc, is increased because of the local heavy rain or flood by climatic changes. Especially, there are lots of property damages caused by increase of flood frequency and expansion of flood area because impervious rate is increased by urban sprawling development. Therefore, this research intends to analyze reasons of flood damage by each form and suggest protective measures through the typology of flood area for Haeundae-gu, Suyoung-gu, Saha-gu in Busan Metropolitan City with Busan's inundation trace map which has made from 2009. To achieve them, flood area was divided into water flooding type, river flooding type and seawater flooding type. And, protective measures focusing on previous prevention gave the relationship by dividing into managing system aspect, infrastructure building aspect and system aspect, so it approached flooding problems more objectively and scientifically. And, this research intends to suggest vitalizing measures for the utilization of inundation trace map in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.163-174
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze the attitudes about Senior Congregate Housing(SCH) among 4 urban areas, 2) to propose the various model for SCH which should be provided to satisfy the demand. Same opinions among 4 urban areas were ; 1) Whom were willing to move into SCH for later life, most of them were in early 50s. Most of the respondents desired to be serviced community alarm system, preferred one-room style, size of 11∼15 Pyung, and preferred living at suburban area. The multi-family type was preferred when not being healthy and be singled, but if healthy, preferred the type of single detached house. And they preferred the home ownership, highly valued of heating control system, health care and leisure programs. Thus for the future SCH, it should be designed all facilities were equipped with sports facilities, sauna and leisure programs. The findings indicated that the high rates of supporting with professional management for 24 hours by turn. But different opinions among 4 urban areas were; 2) Willingness live in SCH for later life had little difference in level of income, education, property. Especially, residents of Seoul Metropolitan area and Busan did not want to open their own common facilities to the public.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2015

The greenbelt of South Korea has been under the process of adjustment and removal since its first designated year. This research is aimed at predicting the effect that the removal of the greenbelt has on urban growth. The SLEUTH model was executed via three calibration phases using historical data between 1990 and 2010. The urban growth of Busan Metropolitan City was predicted under its historical trend, as well as two different scenarios including development and compact development up to the year 2030. The accuracy of model, as verified by ROC, was 85.7%. The historical trend scenario showed the smallest increase, with the urban area expanding from 175.96 km² to 214.68 km² in 2030. Scenario 2, the development scenario, showed the most increase, with a 39.9% growth rate from 2010 to 2030. However, according to scenario 3, the compact development scenario, the urban area decreased in comparison to scenario 2. Accordingly, it is necessary to have effective urban growth management to provoke eco-friendly development on the removed areas, and to strengthen the non-removed areas for sustainable development. The results obtained in this study showed that the SLEUTH model can be useful for predicting urban growth, and that it can help policy makers establish proper urban planning as a decision-support tool for sustainable development.