• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

Accurate identification of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a prerequisite to diagnose the pine wilt disease. However, a fungivorous nematode, B. mucronatus is highly similar to B. xylophilus and it is difficult to differentiate these two species by morphological features. A molecular diagnosis method, ITSRFLP was applied for the identification of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus from Korea. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single individual nematode and ITS DNA was amplified by PCR. The size of PCR product was approximately 900bp and the sequence data were obtained after cloning. Amplified ITS was digested by 5 different restriction enzymes (Rsa I, Hae III, Msp I, Hinf I, and Alu I) and provided a discriminatory profile for B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus. Besides, B. mucro- natus was determined to have 2 different genotypes, East Asian type and European type also clearly separated by Rsa I and Hae III digestion. European type of B. mucronatus is recently collected from Pinus koraiensis and has not been reported before. ITS sequnce data were analyzed by Restriction Mapper program and the result supported ITS-RFLP pattern. These data indicated that PCRRFLP method is an accurate and simple way for identification of Bursaphelenchus species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2013

To evaluate the mechanisms of pathogenicity and nonpathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus isolated in South Korea, we used 4-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings and 20-cm long one-year-old stem cuttings of 5-year-old Pinus thunbergii, and studied distributions and multiplications of pine wood nematodes after inoculation. The distributions of B. xylophilus in the 20-cm pine stem cuttings were not significantly different from that of B. mucronatus. Conversely, the proliferation rate of B. xylophilus on mycelial mats of Botrytis cinerea was significantly different from that of B. mucronatus. The study using 4-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings also showed that B. mucronatus can migrate to distal portions of the pine seedlings the same as B. xylophilus, but the populations of B. xylophilus remaining in the pine seedlings were relatively larger than those of B. mucronatus. Therefore, we concluded that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus could be strongly influenced by its ability to multiply.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes pine wilt disease and is a serious economic concern for the forest industry of South Korea. To achieve effective control with limited resources, it is necessary to clarify the transmission routes and mechanisms of dispersal of this organism. Highly polymorphic and easy-to-use molecular markers can be used for investigating this aspect. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) for investigating the genetic variations of B. xylophilus and related individuals from China, Japan, and South Korea. The AFLP patterns obtained in our study were similar to the microsatellite patterns reported in a previous study; our AFLP patterns indicated high genetic variability and cryptic genetic structure, but did not indicate any peculiar geographic structure. Moreover, the genetic distances between individuals suggested that the Korean population was affected to a greater extent by the Chinese population than the Japanese population. Further, the gene flow among the related species appeared to be limited; however, there may be also the possibility of genetic introgression among species. These results confirm the usefulness of AFLPs for understanding the epidemiology of pine wilt disease, thereby contributing to the effective control of this disease.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2021

이 연구는 재선충 감염 소나무와 비 감염 소나무의 수분함유율에 따른 연소열 실험을 통해 열적특성을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분 함유율 분석 결과는 재선충 감염 소나무의 경우 평균 19.92%, 비 감염 소나무는 26.27%로 화재 시 전도, 대류, 복사열 크기가 커질수록 수분 함유량이 감소한다. 수분 함유량의 기화가 가속되면 평형 수분 함유율에 도달하고 수분 함유율이 15%이하에서는 열원에 의하여 착화되지 않는다는 목재의 열적 특성에 상반되는 결과이다. 연소열 분석 결과는 재선충 감염 소나무와 비 감염 소나무는 연소열은 약 3%로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 연소열이 다른 수종에 비해서는 높은 수치를 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 전도, 대류, 복사열의 증가에 따른 수분 함유율의 감소가 착화에 직접적인 원인 중 하나이며 수분 함유량이 감소할 수록 화재 확산 속도도 빨라진다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2016

To understand how Bursaphelenchus xylophilus kills pine trees, the differences between the effects of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus on pine trees are usually compared. In this study, the migration and attacking ability of a non-pathogenic B. mucronatus in Pinus thunbergii were investigated. The distribution of B. mucronatus and the number of dead epithelial cells resulting from inoculation were compared with those of the pathogenic B. xylophilus. Although B. mucronatus is non-pathogenic in pines, its distribution pattern in P. thunbergii was the same as that of B. xylophilus. We therefore concluded that the non-pathogenicity of B. mucronatus could not be attributed to its migration ability. The sparse and sporadic attacking pattern of B. mucronatus was also the same as that of B. xylophilus. However, the number and area of the dead epithelial cells in pine cuttings inoculated with B. mucronatus were smaller than in those cuttings inoculated with B. xylophilus, meaning that the attacking ability of B. mucronatus is weaker than that of B. xylophilus. Therefore, we concluded that the weaker attacking ability of B. mucronatus might be the factor responsible for the non-pathogenicity.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 경남 거제시 연초면 지역의 소나무재선충(Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) 피해발생 선단지를 보다 효율적으로 추출하기 위하여 IKONOS 1m 영상의 공간해상도와 Landsat TM 영상의 band 3, 4와 동일 파장대역이면서 식생과 같은 산림분야 연구에 많이 이용되고 있는 4m 영상의 Red(0.63~0.69)밴드, NIR(0.76~0.90)밴드를 활용하였다. 그 결과 IKONOS 4m 영상의 식생밴드(NIR band)를 이용한 히스토그램 분석이 가장 효과적이었으며, 이는 GPS(global positioning system)를 이용한 현지조사에서 총 22개의 sample 지점에서 15개의 소나무재선충 피해목을 추출함으로서 확인되었다. 본 연구는 소나무재선충 피해지역 추출뿐만 아니라 산림병해충 피해연구에 대한 고해상도 위성영상의 활용가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.318-321
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• 2007

Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease in a number of Pinus species, which is one of the most serious plant diseases in forest, Korea. In the course of a search for nematicidal substances from endophytic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum EF119 out of the 23 fungal strains tested showed the strongest activity to B. xylophilus. Two nematicidal substances were isolated and identified as bikaverin and fusaric acid. Fusaric acid showed somewhat higher nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus than bikaverin; fusaric acid and bikaverin, at $100{\mu}g/ml$, killed B. xylophilus with mortality values of 50% and 43%, respectively. In addition, both compounds acted synergistically. This is the first report on the nematicidal activity of bikaverin and fusaric acid.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2008

Flavone (2-phenyl chromone) is a well-known plant flavonoid, but its bioactivity has been little explored. Treatment of Caenorhabditis elegans or C. brissage with flavones induced embryonic and larval lethality that was pronounced in early larval stages. This anti-nematodal effect was also observed in the pinewood nematode, B. xylophilus. $LD_{50}$ values were approximately $100{\mu}M$ for both B. xylophilus and C. elegans. Our results indicate that flavone is an active nematicidal compound that should be further investigated with the aim of developing a potent drug against B. xylophilus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2013

Intraspecific variation in morphometry of pine wood nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus in relation to geographical locations in South Korea was investigated using morphometric characters (body length, a, b and c ratio, stylet length, and spicule length for a male nematode and V (%) value for a female nematode). B. xylophilus was isolated from Pinus thunbergii in Jinju (1998), Ulsan (2000), Yangsan (2000), Mokpo (2001) and Jeju (2004), and from P. densiflora in Gumi (2001). B. mucronatus was isolated from P. thunbergii in Jinju (1991) and from P. densiflora in Milyang (2001). The body length of male and female B. xylophilus had the highest coefficient of variability and showed significant differences among geographical locations. The V (%) value for female B. xylophilus showed the lowest coefficient of variability, changing little with geographical area and host plant. All morphometric characters in B. mucronatus except for stylet length and female body length showed no significant differences between locations or hosts, suggesting they may not be affected by geographical area or host plant.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.283-287
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• 2007

Pine Wilt Disease (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) has been attacked since 1988, then it becomes very serious problem of the all over the country. Government has been invested a lot of money to prevent but it is hard to survey the damaged area and ineffectively control the process of prevention. Therefore, this study is focused on development of Pine Wilt Disease (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) Prevention System using GIS and GPS through constructiong database of digital map, satellite imagery and attribute data and development component for desktop PC, internet and mobile system to realtime data transmission between project manager and field worker. Especially, we developed the mobile system that can transmit field conditions in realtime using GPS, GIS and CCD camera, the telecommunication control server that transmit received field condition data to web connecting module and system manager, the web system for end user to notify prevention details, the control system lot manager to recognize filed conditions and to control field workers and the wireless telecommunication module to connect in realtime between field and control center.