• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of this study were to discuss treatment and prevention under the age of 18 to identify the characteristics of the electrical burn patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 97 patients with under age 18 of electric burn who were treated in emergency department of quarterly over 10,000 targets within the desired hospital for evaluation of electrical injuries between January 1, 2009 and December, 2013. We investigated age, gender, injury mechanism, season, degree of burn, surface of burn, complication, blood test, and voltage, kind of current. Results: Of the patients, 50 (50.5%) patients were in the first degree burn and 47 (49.5%) patients were in second degree burn. 68 (70.1%) patients had electric burn at home. 75 (85.2%) of 88 patients had normal sinus rhythm and other 13 people showed a RBBB, VPC, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia. 41 (42.3) of 97 patients were in infants and 26 (26.8%) patients were in adolescence. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the need for prevention of electricity at home for childhood and education of the adolescence.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

Purpose: Scar contracture influence the outcome of burn patients significantly. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted training for the lower extremity rehabilitation of burn patients. Methods: This pilot study was conducted on 7 burn patients for 8 weeks between January 2019 and November 2019. Two of 7 patients withdrew from this study because one had skin abrasion on the legs which thigh fastening devices were applied on and the other was not participate in the assessment at 4 weeks after training. Final 5 patients received gait training with SUBAR^® and numeric rating scale (NRS), 6-minutes walking test, and range of motion in flexion and extension of knee and ankle joint were evaluated before training, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after training. Results: The subjects had a mean age of 51.8±98 years, mean total burn surface area of 30.8±13.7%, mean duration from injury to 1^st assessment of 102.8±39.3 days. Anyone of 5 patients did not have musculoskeletal or cardiovascular side effects such as increased or decreased blood pressure or dizziness. The significant improvement in NRS, gait speed, and range of motion in knee extension and ankle plantarflexion after robotic training (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Robot-assisted training could be feasible for the rehabilitation of burn patients and it could improve muscle strength and range of motion in lower extremities, and gait function.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Purpose: Little information has been published regarding minor burn injuries in infants, most of which are preventable. To fill this research gap, this study explored the patterns and mechanisms of burn injuries in infants to ascertain whether such incidents can be prevented. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on data collected prospectively from all infants (<12 months old) admitted to our hospital with burns in the four-year period between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. A medical record review provided basic demographic information, such as age at the time of injury, sex, cause of injury, duration of treatment, operative treatment, and the extent and type of burn, as well as the anatomical region involved. Results: Fifty-seven infants were diagnosed with burn injuries, with scalding being the most common type (47%), followed by contact (32%) and steam (14%). Seven infants of eight steam burn patients injured by pressure cooker. Superficial second degree was the most common depth of injury (72%) followed by first degree (17%) and deep second degree (8%). Average age per injury type was calculated by independent T-test. Average ages of patients with contact and steam burns were significantly lower (7.06 months; P=0.19) and higher (9.25 months; P=0.005), respectively, than for other burn types. Conclusion: Given that infants cannot control their body movements, talk, or manage by themselves, they are entirely dependent on the proper care of adults. Consequently, in addition to the prevention of burns, special care should be taken for the pressure cooker.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

As the 4th industrial age approaches, the demand for semiconductors is increasing enough to be used in all electronic devices. At the same time, semiconductor technology is also developing day by day, leading to ultraprecision and low power consumption. Semiconductors that keep getting smaller generate heat because the energy density increases, and the generated heat changes the shape of the semiconductor package, so it is important to manage. The temperature change is not only self-heating of the semiconductor package, but also heat generated by external damage. If the package is deformed, it is necessary to manage it because functional problems and performance degradation such as damage occur. The package burn in test in the post-process of semiconductor production is a process that tests the durability and function of the package in a high-temperature environment, and heat dissipation performance can be evaluated. In this paper, we intend to review a new material formulation that can improve the performance of the adapter, which is one of the parts of the test socket used in the burn-in test. It was confirmed what characteristics the basic base showed when polyamide, a high-molecular material, and alumina, which had high thermal conductivity, were mixed for each magnification. In this study, functional evaluation was also carried out by injecting an adapter, a part of the test socket, at the same time as the specimen was manufactured. Verification of stiffness such as tensile strength and flexural strength by mixing ratio, performance evaluation such as thermal conductivity, and manufacturing of a dummy device also confirmed warpage. As a result, it was confirmed that the thermal stability was excellent. Through this study, it is thought that it can be used as basic data for the development of materials for burn-in sockets in the future.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.295-298
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• 2012

Repair and strengthening is necessary to extend the service life of existing buildings. Polymer-modified cement mortar (PCM) has been extensively used as a high performance material particularly for finishing and repairing works in concrete building because of itsexcellent adhesion, waterproofing, resistance to chemical attack, and workability. As PCM contains organic polymer, it is necessary to clarify its properties at high temperature under fire, on which sufficient data are not available. This paper evaluated the burn-up characteristics of polymer-modified cement mortar with cone calorimeter test, non-combustibility test and flammability test with experimental parameters such as the types of polymer, unit-polymer content, polymer-cement ratio and thickness of the specimen.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

점도(평균 분자량)의 차이가 있는 카토산을 펼름형태로 제조하여 실험통불언 백서의 펴하에 삽입하여 백서에서의 적합성을 관찰하였으며 또한 우수한 적합성올 나타낸 키토산을 화상연고제로 제조하여 인와적 2도 화상을 입힌 백서의 피부에 대한 치료전후의 육안적 관찰과 혈액학적 분석올 실시l하여 천연고분자인 치토산의 생체적용 가능성을 연구하였다 제초한 키토산펼룹의 중량 변화와 혈액학적 결과에서 확인하 였듯이 재료의 생처l척합성은 여러 생체내 인자들에 의한 복 합적인 결과임을 확인할 수 있었으며 실험 결과 저점도 키토 산이 비교적 우수한 분해속도와 혈액학적 결과를 보여주는 생체 적합성을 나타내었다. 화상설험으로 기존 수용성 연고 베이스확 유사한 키토산 연고베이스물 제조하고 대조군으로 논 자연치유군(negative군)과 기존 수용성연고베이스(positive군) 웅의 두 군올 설정하여 백서의 화상 피부에서 6일과 12 열 후익 육안적 관찰 및 혈액학쩍 검사블 실시하였다 육안 적 관찰로서 실험가간 중에 사망한 백서는 없였으며 대조군 을 포함한 모든 실험군에서 화상실험 힐주일 후부터 백서의 화상부위에 가피(crust)가 형성되기 시작하였다. 백서의 혈액학적 결파 중 백혈구늠 실험 6일 후에는 백혈구가 감소하였으나 12일 후에는 대부분의 설험군에서 백혈구가 증가하여 염증발현의 가능성을 나타내었다. 특히, 자연치유군으로 설정 한 n$\xi$gative군에서는 높은 백혈구 수치를 나타내었다.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the level of job stress, burn-out and job satisfaction between intensive care unit nurses and general unit nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 100 intensive care unit nurses and 100 general unit nurses in university's hospitals. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, -test, ANCOVA, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient by using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Results: There were significantly negative correlation in the score of job stress and job satisfaction in both groups of nurses. Job stress of intensive care unit nurses was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Burn-out of intensive care unit nurses was significantly differences according to position, department satisfaction. Job satisfaction of intensive care nurses unit was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Job stress of general unit nurses unit was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Burn-out of general unit nurses was significantly differences according to clinical experience, position, department satisfaction. Job satisfaction of general unit nurses was significantly differences according to clinical experience, department satisfaction. Conclusions: The appropriate rewards for intensive care nurses and general unit nurses to decrease their job stress will be needed in hospital settings. In addition, a plan for systemic nurse training program is needed to provide high quality nursing education for each unit nurses effectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.587-591
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• 2006

Purpose: Since Rheinwald and Green laid the foundation of epidermal cell culture technology in 1975, many clinicians and scientists have attempted to prove the effectiveness of cultured epidermal autologous(CEA) or homogenetic(CEH) grafts in the wound healing process. In contrast to CEA which cultured from a patient's skin on demand, Cultured Epidermal Homograft(CEH) can be readily available to use on cleaned wounds. In this study, we conducted a controlled clinical trial in order to confirm the effectiveness of CEH in treating partial-thickness 2nd degree burn wounds. Methods: From July 2003 to January 2004 at Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, we performed a clinical trial in which 35 patients who suffered from 2nd degree burns were enrolled. Wounds were randomly divided into two parts, control and test sites. Test sites were treated with allogeneic keratinocyte sheets ($Kaloderm^{(R)}$, Tegoscience Inc.), a CEH commercialized in Korea. Results: All wounds healed completely without any major complication. The complete healing took $8.3{\pm}2.8$($mean{\pm}S.D.$) days in the test sites as opposed to $11.7{\pm}3.3days$ in the control sites. Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that CEH accelerates re-epithelialization of partial thickness burn wounds and CEH can be an safe alternative to skin grafts for 2nd degree burns.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2021

연구목적 화상 환자의 방어 기제에 따른 외상 후 스트레스 증상의 정도를 알아보고자 이 연구를 수행하였다. 방 법 화상을 진단받은 환자 40명을 대상으로 사회 인구학적 특성, 화상 관련 특성, 한국판 사건충격척도 개정판(Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R), 한국판 역학조사 우울증 척도(Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, CES-D), 이화방어기제(Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test, EDMT)를 측정한 후 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 자아 확대적 방식으로 구성된 EDMT의 요인 2의 점수가 IES-R 점수와 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(β=-0.318, p=0.018), EDMT의 요인 2중에서는 통제(β=-0.299, p<0.05), 이타주의(β=-0.276, p<0.05)가 IES-R점수와 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 이 연구에서 화상 환자의 외상 후 스트레스장애는 통제, 이타주의 방어 기제와 상관성이 있었으며 화상 환자의 치료에 있어 방어 기제를 평가하는 것은 추후 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 심각도 판단에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.