• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.144-147
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• 2017

Laryngeal neoplasm is the second most common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. About 85% to 95% of laryngeal malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the epithelial lining of the larynx. The exact cause of laryngeal neoplasm is unknown, but certain risk factors can affect the chances of developing it. Chronic inflammation is a mutagen factor confirmed in the carcinogenesis of various tumor. Inhalation injuries cause histopathologic damage to laryngeal mucosa and inflammation change. This long term inflammation may leads to the development of dysplasia and malignant transformation. Recently, we experienced a case of malignant transformation of laryngeal mucosa after inhalation injury patient 25 years ago. Herein, we reported this rare case and review the relevant literature.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2005

Objectives: To describe the rate of injuries among infants and toddlers. and to investigate the attitude. knowledge. and practice on safety of their mothers. Methods: The total sample consisted of 308 mothers with infants or toddlers from two public health centers in two cities in Kyunggi Province. A questionnaire was used to collect data. which was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program. Results: Thirty-eight percent of the subjects had experienced home accidents. Fall. burn. and laceration were the most frequently occurred home injuries. Most of the mothers were anxious for child accidents, and $59.4\%$ of mothers thought of safety as a primary concern. The mean score of knowledge on safety was 7.63. and the mean score of practice on safety was 34.76. Safety knowledge was significantly higher in mothers with higher education. higher income. and experience of having information on safety. but safety practice was not different depending on these factors. There was a negative correlation between safety practice and child rearing burden. Conclusions: The rate of injuries among infants and toddlers was still high compared to other developed countries. This study provided basic data about the accidents of infants and toddlers. and the level of safety knowledge and safety practice of their mothers. The related factors found in this study should be considered when providing anticipatory guidance or developing injury prevention programs for mothers.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.301-313
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• 2024

Objective: The current body of evidence lacks clarity regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) as minimally invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules. The primary objective of this study is to clarify these concerns. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Medline databases until October 10th, 2023, using a combination of relevant keywords. This study incorporated literature that compared RFA and MWA for benign thyroid nodules. The primary outcome was the volume reduction ratio (VRR) from baseline to follow-up. Secondary outcomes were symptom score, cosmetic score, ablation time, major complications rate, hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. We used Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. We employed random effects models to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio for the presentation of outcomes. Results: Nine studies with 2707 nodules were included. The results of our meta-analysis indicated similar efficacy between RFA and MWA in terms of VRR during the 1 (SMD 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.26; P = 0.52) and 3 (SMD 0.11; 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.25; P = 0.12) months of follow-up. VRR was significantly higher in RFA than in MWA at the 6 (SMD 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06-0.43; P = 0.008) and 12 month of follow-up (SMD 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.59; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between RFA and MWA in symptom scores, cosmetic scores, or the incidence of complications, including hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. Conclusion: RFA showed a higher VRR than MWA at 6 and 12-month follow-ups, with a comparable safety profile.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.75-79
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• 2017

Purpose: Although trauma is the most common cause of death under age 18, Korean national pediatric trauma data has lack of clinical data. This study is to prepare manpower resources, equipment, and make a correct policy decision on pediatric trauma victims Methods: The study enrolled 528 patients under age 16 with traumatic injury visited Wonju Severance Christian Hostpital Trauma Center, from February 12, 2015 to December 31, 2016. We analyzed the distribution of gender, age, place and time of the accident, injury mechanism, injury severity, and injured organ by medical record. Results: The major injury mechanisms were blunt injury in 485 (91.90%), penetrating injury in 27 (5.10%), burn in 13 (2.50%), near drowning in 2 (0.40%), and foreign body ingestion in 1 (0.20%). Ninety-seven (18.4%) patients were injured at home and 67 (12.7%) patients were injured at school. The overall mortality rate was 1.13% (n=6). 5 mortalities were related to automobile accident and one was fall down. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 4 (2, 8). No statistical significance was observed in the mean ISS between each age group. The peak time of accident occurrence was between 16 and 17 o'clock. The mean ISS was higher in blunt injury group than penetrating injury with statistical significance ($6.50{\pm}7.60$ vs. $3.00{\pm}8.10$; p<0.05). The most common injury site was upper extremity. Mean ISS was highest in thorax injury. However, mean ISS of thorax injury was higher with statistical significance only compared with face, neck and upper extremity injury. Conclusions: We reported our pediatric trauma patients data of our hospital level I trauma center, which is the only one level I trauma center of Gangwon Province. These data is useful to prevent and prepare for pediatric trauma.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2003

The researcher has studied the types of accidents and injuries that most often occur to infants, toddlers and preschool children. Using this knowledge, a first aid program was developed for mothers. This researcher used a Quasi experimental study which consisted of a nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design for injury first-aid knowle. The experimental group consisted of 32 mothers, and the control group consisted of 29. The education program consisted of the types of injury, the structure and function of skin, the methods of obsevation, first-aid awareness, and the standard of professional support in case of contusion, abrasion, laceration, fracture and burn. The education program was developed and based on 'the systemetic design of instruction' by Dick & Carey(1996) and utilized multimedia text book, pictures, examples, practice and discussions to increase understanding and effectiveness of learning. The data for this study was collected from September to early November, 2001. There were two fomative evauations, pretest and posttest with an intervention of education program. The analysis of the collected data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, ANOVA, t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS 10.0 program. The results as follows; 1. The experimental group, who was given an education program before the test, got higher marks on the injury first-aid knowledge than the control group. There was a significant difference in knowledge between experimental group and control group(t=6.578, p=.000). 2. The experimental group got higher marks on the action evaluation than the control group. There were significant differences in the certainity of action (t=8.546, p=.000) and the accuracy of action (t=7.654, p=.000) between experimental group and control group. This study examined how a first aid education program increased effectiveness in the knowledge and action of injury first-aid.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2015

Background Various focal heating devices are popular in Korea under the cultural influence of the traditional ondol under-floor method of home heating. These devices can cause severe burn-like injuries resulting from device malfunction or extended with low heat contact. In addition to injuries under these high heat contact, burns can be occurred by low heat exposure with prolonged periods despite the devices are properly functioning. In order to develop strategies to reduce the duration of periods of illness due to low-temperature burns, we analyzed and compared treatment methods and therapeutic periods for this type of injury. Methods This retrospective study included 43 patients burned under low heat conditions. Patients were divided into an operative group and a conservative group. The patients in the operative group underwent at least one surgical excision, and were further subdivided into early and late visit groups. The conservative group was treated only with dressings. We compared the treatment periods between the operative group and the conservative group, and also compared the preparation periods and treatment periods between the two operative groups. Results The average treatment period was significantly shorter in the operative group (P=0.02). In the early visit operative group, both wound preparation and treatment were briefer than in the late visit group. Conclusions We recommend that early proper burn care and early surgical intervention, including appropriate excision, are feasible ways to reduce the treatment period of lowtemperature burn patients.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.16-22
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• 2016

Fire fighters rely on fire fighter protective clothing (FFPC) to provide adequate protection in the various hazardous environments. To enhance its protection performance, the FFPC material must be thick and thus it is difficult to achieve weight reduction. One of the methods of overcoming this problem, the addition of phase change material (PCM) to FFPC, is a new technology. In previous studies, the researches was mostly related to the temperature characteristics of the fibers incorporating PCM, but little information is available about its effect on burn injuries. Thus, in this study, the inhibitory effects of adding PCM to FFPC on second degree burns were investigated through numerical calculations. Thermal analyses of biological tissues and FFPC with embedded PCM exposed to several fire conditions causing severe tissue damage were studied by using a finite difference method based on the Pennes bio-heat equation. FFPC with embedded PCM was found to provide significantly greater protection than conventional fire fighting clothing, because the heat of absorption due to the phase change within the material is used to limit the heat conduction of the material.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2020

Background and Objectives For experiments on simulated burn, the preparation of an animal model is a very important step. The purpose of the current experiment is to design a simple and controllable method for the preparation of third-degree scald in a mouse model using the boiling water method. Materials and Methods A total of 18 Swiss mice were used. After the anesthetization, the mice were scalded by boiling water (100℃) using a mold with a 1 cm² circle area on the dorsum at contact times of 3s, 5s, and 8s. After confirming that 8 seconds of scald can cause a third-degree scald, the skin samples were collected at day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, and analyzed by histopathological examinations. The wound retraction index (WRI) was also measured. Results Third-degree scald involving full-thickness skin was observed in the 8-second scald group, while a 3-second scald caused a superficial second-degree scald and a 5-second scald caused a deep second-degree scald. After third-degree scald, the burn wound continued to contract until day 14. Conclusion The scalding model of mice can be successfully established by the boiling water method. This method is easy to operate, it has a low cost, and it can control the scald depth by controlling the scald time. This is adequate to study skin thermal injury in the future. The scald model established by this method can last for 14 days.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

Purpose: To better understand the corneal regeneration after alkali burn regarding the initial clinical progression and the therapy, we investigated the changes of the multi factors following chemical injury in cornea. Methods: This study was performed to observation on the healing process of alkali burned cornea in aspect of immunohistochemistry by immunofluorescence or H-E staining and TUNEL assay. Results: The results showed that although a healing process occurred after alkali burn, apoptosis of epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells in the cornea was continuously observed. Neovascularization and expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) from limbus and from injured cornea, respectively, were observed after 3 days of alkali burn. Formation of collagen III in corneal stroma and increased expression of chondroitin sulfate are coincident with expression of ${\alpha}$-SMA and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$). Conclusions: These data suggest that medical treatment within 3 days of alkali burn will be effective to inhibit neovascularization and formation of collagen III and chondroitin sulfate. This study extends our immumohistochemical understanding of healing process in alkali burned cornea, and the results get in this study will be cornerstones in the development of therapeutic agent for accelerating renewal of chemical damaged cornea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 1990

The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) consists of sustained burning pain and tenderness, vasomotor instabilitiy, swelling, occasional functional instability, trophic skin change and edema of extremity following trauma, peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury, infection, burn and other etiologic factors. The most important thing in RSDS is to start the treatment as soon as the disease was diagnosed. Most patients with RSDS respond dramatically and permanently to sympathetic blocks if treatment is instituted before irreversible trophic changes. The characteristic radiological finding in RSDS is a patchy osteoporosis in the cancellous bone. Periarticular hyperactivity is seen in RSDS by Tc99m bone scan. We have managed 4 cases of RSDS. The methods of management and effects are as follows: 1) In case 1, 28 lumbar sympathetic blocks in both sides were performed. The patient did not complain of pain or tenderness and the limping improved. 2) In case 2, 7 lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed, but we could find only a slight improvement in the symptoms. 3) In case 3, 8 stellate ganglion blocks were carried out. The patient refused the treatment of RSDS because of the lack of rapid improvement. 4) In case 4, total 64 stellate ganglion blocks were carried out; the patient was permanently improved.