• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

A computer simulation was carried out to determinate the optimum capacity of bulk type trailer which is used as a tractor attachment. Soil physical properties. such as soil moisture content. bulk density, soil hardness and soil texture were measured in the 10 major rice production area for computer simulation. Mathematical model which include soil physical properties and vehicle factor was used for computer simulation. Most of the soil texture of the investigated area was silty loam. Soil moisture content ranged between 30 and 40% mostly. Soil bulk density was in the range of 1.500 to 1.700 kg/㎥. Soil hardness ranged between 1 to 18 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Soil hardness incorporate the effects of many soil physical properties such as moisture content texture and bulk density, and so the range of soil hardness was greater than any other physical properties. The capacity of bulk type trailer was above 3000 kg$_{f}$ fer the most of the investigated area. and mostly in the range of 4000 to 6000 kg$_{f}$ depending upon the slip. But for the soft soil area such as Andong and Namyang. tractor itself had mobility problem and showed minus trailer capacity for some places. For this area. the capacity of bulk type trailer ranged between 1000 and 2000 kg$_{f}$ mostly so bulk type trailer should be designed as a small capacity compared to the other area.ared to the other area. area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.945-951
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• 2012

In this study, we analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of a bulk-cement trailer with a simpler structure that carries powders. The commercial software ANSYS is used to prepare a detailed three-dimensional model of the chassis frame and tank body that bear most of the load of a bulk-cement trailer for the finite element analysis. Modal analysis is conducted to examine the dynamic characteristics of the trailer body, and static analysis shows weak links in the structure. Finally, we propose a method to increase the strength of vulnerable areas and to reduce the weight of the trailer by applying the Taguchi method.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.399-406
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the labor requirements and transportation cost of paddy for the different harvest and transportation systems for obtaining a basic reference to the improvement of present harvest-transportation systems. One hundred and eighty five farm households with sack type combine harvester and thirty farm households with bulk type combine harvester were surveyed for thirty counties from eight provinces except jeju and also eleven Rice Processing Complex were covered for this survey. This survey was carried from 8th. October 1997 to 5th. November 1997. For the labor requirements, bulk trailer system require 6.8th/ha, 10.3/ha for sack harvest-tractor trailer, and 8.8h/ha for bulk harvest-container bag. The machinery utilization cost for the different paddy harvest-transportation systems, combine sack harvest-tractor trailer system is 282 thousand won/ha, and most economical compared with other systems. Combine bulk harvest with tractor system was 416 thousands won/ha and combine bulk harvest with container bag system was 446 thousands won/ha. In order to propagate bulk harvest-transportation system, a proper bulk transportation means with considering road condition in the paddy field and paddy size should be developed, and considering cycle time it appeared that the proper capacity of bulk container was 3.5ton at the present.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 2023

Bulk trailers, used for the transportation of powdered materials, such as cement and fly ash, are crucial in the construction industry. The speedy exhaustion of powdered materials stored in the tank of bulk trailers is relevant to improving transportation efficiency and reducing transportation costs. The exhaust time can be reduced by developing an automatic control system to replace the manual exhaust operation. The instantaneous or accumulated exhausts of powdered materials must be measured for automatic control of the bulk trailer exhaust system. Accordingly, we previously proposed a recurrent neural network (RNN) model that estimated the instantaneous exhaust based on low-cost pressure sensor signals without an expensive flowmeter for powders. Although our previous study utilized only an RNN model, models such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are also widely utilized for time-series estimation. This study compares the performance of three neural network models (MLP, CNN, and RNN) in estimating instantaneous and accumulated exhausts. In terms of the instantaneous exhaust estimation, the difference in the performance of neural network models was insignificant (that is, 8.64, 8.62, and 8.56% for the MLP, CNN, and RNN, respectively, in terms of the normalized root mean squared error). However, in the case of the accumulated exhaust, the performance was excellent in the order of CNN (1.67%), MLP (2.03%), and RNN (2.20%).

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 1990

The Port of Pusan, the largest port in Korea, handled 23% of total sea borne cargo movement, 14% of imported cargo, 58% of exported cargo and 95% of container cargo in 1989. Also the port of Pusan has been played a key role in handing container cargo throughout the last 10 years. The paper is aimed to survey the effect of sea borne cargo movement to urban transportation, that is, to find traffic volume arising by general/bulk cargoes through the port and to estimate vehicle rated of container tractor tailer on the roads between terminal including conventional piers and ODCY, and finally the following results are obtained. (1) AADV of truck to transport general/bulk cargoes are 6,322 units in 1989,and routes penetrate into the center of city and pass through the most of urban arterials. (2) In the container transport, if HVEF is adopted to 3 of tractor trailer, AVR in each transport freeway 13.7%. (3) IF HVEF is adopted to 6 of tractor trailer. AVR are as follows: BooDoo-Ro 44.1%, WooAm-Ro 39.3%, SooYoung-Ro 17.8%, Urban freeway 20.3%. Based upon these results, the following suggestions were drawn : o ODCY scattered around the city should be unified in a few groups to raise port productivity. o Rail service for inland container transportation should be escalated to relieve urban traffic congestion. o Coastal feeder service between terminal and hinterland should be studied to restrict the penetration of container tractor trailer into the central parts in the urban areas. o Exclusive freeway system for effective container transportation should be implemented to reduce urban traffic delay.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2002

A computer simulation was carried out to investigate the optimum capacity of liquid manure tank spreader which is used as a tractor attachment. Soil physical properties, such as soil moisture content, bulk density, soil hardness and soil types were measured in the 10 major rice production area for computer simulation. Mathematical model which include soil physical properties and vehicle factor was used for computer simulation. Most of the soil type of the investigated area was sandy clay loam. Soil moisture content ranged between 30 and 40% mostly. Soil bulk density was in the range of 1,500 to 1,700 kg/$m^3$. Soil hardness ranged between 1 to 18 $cm^2$. Soil hardness incorporate the effects of many soil physical properties such as soil moisture content, soil type and soil bulk density, and so the range of soil hardness is greater than any other physical properties. The capacity of liquid manure tank spreader was above 3,000 kg$_{f}$ for the most of the investigated areas, and mostly in the range of 4,000 to 6,000 $kg_f$ depending upon the slip. But for the soft soil area such as Andong and Asan, the tractor itself has mobility problem and shows no pulling force for some places. For this area, the capacity of liquid manure tank spreader ranged between 1,000 and 2,000 $kg_f$ mostly, so the capacity of liquid manure tank spreader should be designed as a small capacity trailer compared to the other area.mpared to the other area.